draw与dispatchDraw

View类中的draw方法：

public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
    final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
            (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
    mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

    /*
     * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
     * in the appropriate order:
     *
     *      1. Draw the background：绘制背景
     *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
     *         ：如有必要，颜色渐变淡之前保存画布层(即锁定原有的画布内容)
     *      3. Draw view's content：绘制view的内容
     *      4. Draw children：绘制子view
     *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
     *         ：如有必要，绘制颜色渐变淡的边框，并恢复画布(即画布改变的内容附加到原有内容上)
     *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)：绘制装饰，比如滚动条
     */

    // Step 1, draw the background, if needed：//背景绘制
    int saveCount;

    if (!dirtyOpaque) {
        drawBackground(canvas);
    }

    // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
    final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
    boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
    boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
    if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
        // Step 3, draw the content
        if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

        // Step 4, draw the children
        dispatchDraw(canvas);

        // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
        if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
            mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
        }

        // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
        onDrawForeground(canvas);

        // we're done...
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Here we do the full fledged routine...
     * (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
     * this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
     * done above)
     */

    boolean drawTop = false;
    boolean drawBottom = false;
    boolean drawLeft = false;
    boolean drawRight = false;

    float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
    float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
    float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
    float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;

    // Step 2, save the canvas' layers
    int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;

    final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
    if (offsetRequired) {
        paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
    }

    int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
    int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
    int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
    int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);

    if (offsetRequired) {
        right += getRightPaddingOffset();
        bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
    }

    final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
    final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
    int length = (int) fadeHeight;

    // clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
    // overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
    if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
        length = (bottom - top) / 2;
    }

    // also clip horizontal fades if necessary
    if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
        length = (right - left) / 2;
    }

    if (verticalEdges) {
        topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
        drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
        bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
        drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
    }

    if (horizontalEdges) {
        leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
        drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
        rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
        drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
    }

    saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();

    int solidColor = getSolidColor();
    if (solidColor == 0) {
        final int flags = Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG;

        if (drawTop) {
            canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags);
        }

        if (drawBottom) {
            canvas.saveLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, null, flags);
        }

        if (drawLeft) {
            canvas.saveLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom, null, flags);
        }

        if (drawRight) {
            canvas.saveLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom, null, flags);
        }
    } else {
        scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
    }

    // Step 3, draw the content ：//调用onDraw
    if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

    // Step 4, draw the children ://绘制子view
    dispatchDraw(canvas);

    // Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers : 
    final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
    final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
    final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;

    if (drawTop) {
        matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
        matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
        fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
        p.setShader(fade);
        canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
    }

    if (drawBottom) {
        matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
        matrix.postRotate(180);
        matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
        fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
        p.setShader(fade);
        canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
    }

    if (drawLeft) {
        matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
        matrix.postRotate(-90);
        matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
        fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
        p.setShader(fade);
        canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
    }

    if (drawRight) {
        matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
        matrix.postRotate(90);
        matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
        fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
        p.setShader(fade);
        canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
    }

    canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);

    // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
    if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
        mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
    }

    // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
    onDrawForeground(canvas);
}

说明：

自定义一个view时，重写onDraw。调用view.invalidate(),会触发onDraw和computeScroll()。前提是该view被附加在当前窗口上.

Android中实现view的更新有两组方法，一组是invalidate，另一组是postInvalidate，其中前者是在UI线程自身中使用，而后者在非UI线程中使用。

自定义一个ViewGroup，重写onDraw。onDraw可能不会被调用，原因是需要先设置一个背景(颜色或图)。表示这个group有东西需要绘制了，才会触发draw，之后是onDraw。因此，一般直接重写dispatchDraw来绘制viewGroup

自定义一个ViewGroup,dispatchDraw会调用drawChild。

ViewGroup类dispatchDraw：

@Override
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
   
	//......

    for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
        while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
            final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
            if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
                    transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
                more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
            }
            transientIndex++;
            if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
                transientIndex = -1;
            }
        }

        final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(childrenCount, i, customOrder);
        final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
        if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
            more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
        }
    }
    while (transientIndex >= 0) {
        // there may be additional transient views after the normal views
        final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
        if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
                transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
            more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
        }
        transientIndex++;
        if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
            break;
        }
    }

    // Draw any disappearing views that have animations
    if (mDisappearingChildren != null) {
        final ArrayList disappearingChildren = mDisappearingChildren;
        final int disappearingCount = disappearingChildren.size() - 1;
        // Go backwards -- we may delete as animations finish
        for (int i = disappearingCount; i >= 0; i--) {
            final View child = disappearingChildren.get(i);
            more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
        }
    }
}

protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
    return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}

绘制VIew本身的内容，通过调用View.onDraw(canvas)函数实现,绘制自己的孩子通过dispatchDraw（canvas）实现

View组件的绘制会调用draw(Canvas canvas)方法，draw过程中主要是先画Drawable背景，对 drawable调用setBounds(),

然后是draw(Canvas c)方法.有点注意的是背景drawable的实际大小会影响view组件的大小，drawable的实际大小通过getIntrinsicWidth()和getIntrinsicHeight()获取，当背景比较大时view组件大小等于背景drawable的大小画完背景后，draw过程会调用onDraw(Canvas canvas)方法，

然后就是dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas)方法, dispatchDraw()主要是分发给子组件进行绘制，我们通常定制组件的时候重写的是onDraw()方法。

值得注意的是ViewGroup容器组件的绘制，当它没有背景时直接调用的是dispatchDraw()方法, 而绕过了draw()方法，当它有背景的时候就调用draw()方法，而draw()方法里包含了dispatchDraw()方法的调用。因此要在ViewGroup上绘制东西的时候往往重写的是dispatchDraw()方法而不是onDraw()方法，或者自定制一个Drawable，重写它的draw(Canvas c)和 getIntrinsicWidth(), getIntrinsicHeight()方法，然后设为背景。