谈谈iOS下图像颜色检测、颜色匹配的解决方法

最近写一个应用,需要对图像中某一个像素点的颜色进行取样,并检测是否与特定颜色一致或相近,解决的办法如下:

一、像素点颜色取样(代码参考国外一篇文章,在最后列出)

+ (UIColor*) getPixelColorAtLocation:(CGPoint)point inImage:(UIImage *)image {

    UIColor* color = nil;
    CGImageRef inImage = image.CGImage;
    CGContextRef cgctx = [DetectColour createARGBBitmapContextFromImage:
    inImage];

    if (cgctx == NULL) { return nil; /* error */ }
    size_t w = CGImageGetWidth(inImage);
    size_t h = CGImageGetHeight(inImage);
    CGRect rect = {{0,0},{w,h}};

    CGContextDrawImage(cgctx, rect, inImage);

    unsigned char* data = CGBitmapContextGetData (cgctx);

    if (data != NULL) {
       int offset = 4*((w*round(point.y))+round(point.x));
       int alpha =  data[offset];
       int red = data[offset+1];
       int green = data[offset+2];
       int blue = data[offset+3];
       NSLog(@"offset: %i colors: RGB A %i %i %i  %i",offset,red,green,
       blue,alpha);

       NSLog(@"x:%f y:%f", point.x, point.y);

       color = [UIColor colorWithRed:(red/255.0f) green:(green/255.0f) blue:
       (blue/255.0f) alpha:(alpha/255.0f)];
    }

    CGContextRelease(cgctx);

    if (data) { free(data); }

    return color;

}
+ (CGContextRef) createARGBBitmapContextFromImage:(CGImageRef) inImage {

CGContextRef    context = NULL;

CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace;

void *          bitmapData;

int             bitmapByteCount;

int             bitmapBytesPerRow;

size_t pixelsWide = CGImageGetWidth(inImage);

size_t pixelsHigh = CGImageGetHeight(inImage);

bitmapBytesPerRow   = (pixelsWide * 4);

bitmapByteCount     = (bitmapBytesPerRow * pixelsHigh);

colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();

if (colorSpace == NULL)

{

fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating color space\n");

return NULL;

}

bitmapData = malloc( bitmapByteCount );

if (bitmapData == NULL)

{

fprintf (stderr, "Memory not allocated!");

CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace );

return NULL;

}    

context = CGBitmapContextCreate (bitmapData,

pixelsWide,

pixelsHigh,

8,      

bitmapBytesPerRow,

colorSpace,

kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst);

if (context == NULL)

{

free (bitmapData);

fprintf (stderr, "Context not created!");

}

CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace );

return context;

}

二、颜色匹配计算
一是精确的匹配,通过生成两个CGColor,利用CGColorEqualToColor函数进行对比即可,如下:

//生成采样对照颜色(黑色)
 UIColor* sampleColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:(0/255.0f) green:(0/255.0f)
 blue:(0/255.0f) alpha:(255/255.0f)];
//比较
 if (CGColorEqualToColor(detectedColor.CGColor, sampleColor.CGColor)) {
   //处理
}

二是模糊的匹配,在RGB色彩空间下, 每个像素点的颜色有四个通道(R, G, B, Alpha),比较
两个颜色是否一致的方法,可以通过比较其向量的方式来进行,如下:

//获取颜色分量
const CGFloat* components = CGColorGetComponents(detectedColor.CGColor);
CGFloat Red, Green, Blue, Alpha;
Alpha = components[0];
Red = components[0+1];
....
//向量比较
float difference = pow( pow((red1 - red2), 2) + pow((green1 - green2), 2) +
pow((blue1 - blue2), 2), 0.5 );

至于阀值的设定,就需要大家根据实际情况来调整了,一般可设置为85,如果严格一点,则小一点;宽松一点,则可以设大一点。

参考文章: http://www.markj.net/iphone-uiimage-pixel-color/

你可能感兴趣的:(图像处理)