AngularJS2 学习笔记——TypeScript

一、 创建项目

mkdir angular-quickstart
cd angular-quickstart

二、 创建配置文件

• package.json 标记本项目所需的 npm 依赖包。
• tsconfig.json 定义了 TypeScript 编译器如何从项目源文件生成 JavaScript 代码。
• typings.json为那些 TypeScript 编译器无法识别的库提供了额外的定义文件。
• systemjs.config.js 为模块加载器提供了该到哪里查找应用模块的信息，并注册了所有必备的依赖包。 它还包括文档中后面的例子需要用到的包。

package.json

{
  "name": "angular-quickstart",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "tsc && concurrently \"npm run tsc:w\" \"npm run lite\" ",
    "lite": "lite-server",
    "postinstall": "typings install",
    "tsc": "tsc",
    "tsc:w": "tsc -w",
    "typings": "typings"
  },
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/common": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/compiler": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/core": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/forms": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/http": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.0",
    "@angular/router": "3.0.0",
    "@angular/upgrade": "2.0.0",
    "core-js": "^2.4.1",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.3",
    "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12",
    "systemjs": "0.19.27",
    "zone.js": "^0.6.23",
    "angular2-in-memory-web-api": "0.0.20",
    "bootstrap": "^3.3.6"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "concurrently": "^2.2.0",
    "lite-server": "^2.2.2",
    "typescript": "^2.3.4",
    "typings":"^1.3.2"
  }
}

tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "removeComments": false,
    "noImplicitAny": false
  }
}

typings.json

{
  "globalDependencies": {
    "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759",
    "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255",
    "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046"
  }
}

systemjs.config.js

/**
 * System configuration for Angular samples
 * Adjust as necessary for your application needs.
 */
(function (global) {
  System.config({
    paths: {
      // paths serve as alias
      'npm:': 'node_modules/'
    },
    // map tells the System loader where to look for things
    map: {
      // our app is within the app folder
      app: 'app',
      // angular bundles
      '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js',
      '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js',
      '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js',
      '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js',
      '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js',
      '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js',
      '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js',
      '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',
      // other libraries
      'rxjs':                       'npm:rxjs',
      'angular2-in-memory-web-api': 'npm:angular2-in-memory-web-api',
    },
    // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename and/or no extension
    packages: {
      app: {
        main: './main.js',
        defaultExtension: 'js'
      },
      rxjs: {
        defaultExtension: 'js'
      },
      'angular2-in-memory-web-api': {
        main: './index.js',
        defaultExtension: 'js'
      }
    }
  });
})(this);

执行命令

cnpm install

生成项目结构：

三、 创建项目

创建app目录

mkdir app
cd app

1. 创建app/app.module.ts

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';

@NgModule({
  imports:      [ BrowserModule ]
})
export class AppModule { }

每个Angular应用至少需要一个root module(根模块)，实例中为AppModule。
上面从@angular/platform-browser中导入BrowserModule并添加到imports数组中。

2. 创建组件并添加到应用中

每个Angular应用都至少有一个根组件，实例中为AppComponent,
app.component.ts

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: '
我的第一个 Angular 应用
'
})
export class AppComponent { }

• 上面从@angular2/core引入了Component包。
• @Component是Angular2的装饰器，它会把一份元数据关联到AppCmponent组件类上。
• @view包含了一个template，告诉Angular如何渲染该组件的视图
• export指定了组件可以在文件外使用。

3. 修改app.module.ts，导入新的AppComponent，并把它添加到NgModule装饰器的declarations和bootstrap字段中

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppComponent }   from './app.component';
@NgModule({
  imports:      [ BrowserModule ],
  declarations: [ AppComponent ],
  bootstrap:    [ AppComponent ]
})
export class AppModule { }

4. 启动应用

创建app/main.ts

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';

const platform = platformBrowserDynamic(); //初始化平台
platform.bootstrapModule(AppModule);       //启动AppModule

5. 定义宿主页面

创建index.html

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Angular 2 实例 - 菜鸟教程(runoob.com)title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
    
    
    <script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js">script>
    <script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js">script>
    <script src="node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js">script>
    <script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js">script>
    
    <script src="systemjs.config.js">script>
    <script>
      System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); });
    script>
  head>
  
  <body>
    <my-app>Loading...my-app>
  body>
html>

定义样式文件

/* Master Styles */
h1 {
  color: #369;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 250%;
}
h2, h3 {
  color: #444;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-weight: lighter;
}
body {
  margin: 2em;
}

6. 编译运行

npm start

最终目录结构：

运行时报错：

Types of property 'lift' are incompatible.
Type '(operator: Operator) => Observable' is not assignable to type '(operator: Operator) => Observable'.
...

处理方法见：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44793859/rxjs-subject-d-ts-error-class-subjectt-incorrectly-extends-base-class-obs

简单的处理方式是修改tsconfig.json，加

"compilerOptions": {

    "skipLibCheck": true,

 }

运行结果：

---

一些常用用法

ngFor ngClass

<ul>
    <li *ngFor="let item of arr, let i = index">
        <span [ngClass]="{'text-danger': i==0}">{{item}}span>
    li>
ul>