在视频聊天、视频会议、在线监控和视频展台等项目中,需要查找出本地电脑上连接的所有摄像头,网上流传比较多的方式是ffmpeg的方式,这种方式可以跨平台,不同的平台下调用不同的库。这种方式在控制台直接打印了摄像头的信息,无法(或者说我暂时没找到)在内存中获取,因此直接采用了DirectShow的方式,DirectShow枚举IMoniker和Ipin。因为网上的文档,不是特别详尽,所以我写了本文,我尽量解释清楚,分段贴出部分代码,主要是要看明白并且理解,通过本文中的方式,基本可以列出电脑上的摄像头和麦克风,以及他们的参数。
在另外一篇文章中,介绍了如何利用获取的设备信息播放和编解码:《MFC中如何利用ffmpeg和SDL2.0多线程多窗口播放摄像头的视频》
1)ffmpeg功能强大,关于ffmpeg的详细文档,可以去官网看看:http://ffmpeg.org/
直接静态库或者动态库好了,不怕麻烦的可以下载开发版:https://ffmpeg.zeranoe.com/builds/
2)关于ffmpeg支持的设备列表,可以参考下面的链接:
http://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html
3)这种方式比较简单,其实在Widows下还是调用dshow,
直接传入“list_devices”,列出设备列表。先看看命令行方式。
ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy
上面的命令行和下面的代码是一个效果,看看命令行的参数和下面的代码的几个参数,是不是一样?
所以啊,如果看到命令行的例子,在写代码调用接口时可以参考他。
//Show directshow device
void show_dshow_device() {
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
AVDictionary* options = NULL;
av_dict_set(&options, "list_devices", "true", 0);
AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("dshow");
avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, "video=dummy", iformat, &options);
}
4)上面不是列出了设备名吗?那么把设备名传入下面的函数,就可以列出该设备支持的分辨率等信息
//Show device options
void show_dshow_device_option(const char* cameraName) {
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
AVDictionary* options = NULL;
av_dict_set(&options, "list_options", "true", 0);
AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("dshow");
char buffer[128];
sprintf(buffer, "video=%s", cameraName);
avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, buffer, iformat, &options);
}
为什么要列出分辨率的信息呢?因为如果你需要更改摄像头的分辨率,必须是该设备支持的分辨率,否则打开就会失败。
上面已经说了,这种方式可以列出来,但是内存中不好获取。
//设备参数
struct TDeviceParam {
int width; //分辨率宽
int height; //分辨率高
int avgTimePerFrame; //每帧的时间
TDeviceParam BestParam; //最好的参数
TDeviceParam() {
Reset();
}
void Reset() {
width = 0;
height = 0;
avgTimePerFrame = 1;
}
void Set(int w, int h, int avgTime) {
width = w;
height = h;
avgTimePerFrame = avgTime;
}
void Copy(TDeviceParam& param) {
Set(param.width, param.height, param.avgTimePerFrame);
}
};
//设备信息
struct TDeviceInfo {
WCHAR FriendlyName[MAX_FRIENDLY_NAME_LENGTH]; // 设备友好名
WCHAR MonikerName[MAX_MONIKER_NAME_LENGTH]; // 设备Moniker名
int ParamCount; // 参数数量
TDeviceParam Params[MAX_PARAM_COUNT]; // 支持的分辨率
TDeviceInfo() {
Reset();
}
void Reset() {
ParamCount = 0;
}
int SetResolution(int w, int h, int avgTime) {
if (ParamCount >= MAX_PARAM_COUNT)
return -1;
for (int i = 0; i < ParamCount; i++) {
if (Params[i].width == w && Params[i].height == h) {
return 0;
}
}
int insertIndex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < ParamCount; i++) {
if (w > Params[i].width || h > Params[i].height) {
break;
}
else {
insertIndex++;
}
}
for (int i = ParamCount - 1; i >= insertIndex; i--) {
Params[i + 1].Copy(Params[i]);
}
Params[insertIndex].Set(w, h, avgTime);
ParamCount++;
if (w > BestParam.width) {
BestParam.Set(w, h, avgTime);
}
};
//根据设备最好的参数排序
bool SortDevice(const TDeviceInfo& device1, const TDeviceInfo& device2) {
if (device1.BestParam.width > device2.BestParam.width)
return true;
return false;
}
//guidValue:
//CLSID_AudioInputDeviceCategory:获取音频输入设备列表
//CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory:获取视频输入设备列表
HRESULT DsGetAudioVideoInputDevices(std::vector& deviceVec, REFGUID guidValue)
{
TDeviceInfo info;
HRESULT hr;
// 初始化
deviceVec.clear();
// 初始化COM
hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
printf("Init error!\n");
return hr;
}
// 创建系统设备枚举器实例
ICreateDevEnum *pSysDevEnum = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ICreateDevEnum, (void **)&pSysDevEnum);
if (FAILED(hr)){
CoUninitialize();
printf("Create instance error!\n");
return hr;
}
// 获取设备类枚举器
IEnumMoniker *pEnumCat = NULL;
hr = pSysDevEnum->CreateClassEnumerator(guidValue, &pEnumCat, 0);
if (hr != S_OK) {
CoUninitialize();
//pSysDevEnum->Release();
return hr;
}
// 枚举设备名称
IMoniker *pMoniker = NULL;
ULONG cFetched;
while (pEnumCat->Next(1, &pMoniker, &cFetched) == S_OK) {
IPropertyBag *pPropBag;
hr = pMoniker->BindToStorage(NULL, NULL, IID_IPropertyBag, (void **)&pPropBag);
if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
pMoniker->Release();
continue;
}
info.Reset();
// 获取设备友好名
VARIANT varName;
VariantInit(&varName);
hr = pPropBag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &varName, NULL);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
StringCchCopy(info.FriendlyName, MAX_FRIENDLY_NAME_LENGTH, varName.bstrVal);
#if PRINT_DEBUG
wprintf(L"Device:%s\n", info.FriendlyName);
#endif
// 获取设备Moniker名
LPOLESTR pOleDisplayName = reinterpret_cast(CoTaskMemAlloc(MAX_MONIKER_NAME_LENGTH * 2));
if (pOleDisplayName != NULL) {
hr = pMoniker->GetDisplayName(NULL, NULL, &pOleDisplayName);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
StringCchCopy( info.MonikerName, MAX_MONIKER_NAME_LENGTH, pOleDisplayName );
//获取设备支持的分辨率
DsGetOptionDevice( pMoniker, info );
deviceVec.push_back( info );
}
CoTaskMemFree(pOleDisplayName);
}
}
VariantClear(&varName);
pPropBag->Release();
pMoniker->Release();
} // End for While
pEnumCat->Release();
pSysDevEnum->Release();
CoUninitialize();
std::sort( deviceVec.begin(), deviceVec.end(), SortDevice );
for (int i = 0; i < deviceVec.size(); i++) {
deviceVec[i].Debug();
}
return hr;
}
OUR_GUID_ENTRY(MEDIATYPE_Video,
0x73646976, 0x0000, 0x0010, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71)
BITMAPINFOHEADER的类型请参考
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd318229(v=vs.85).aspx
也就是说,如果想要什么参数,可以从上面几个类型中找。
int GuidToString(const GUID &guid, char* buffer){
int buf_len = 64;
snprintf(
buffer,
buf_len,
"{%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X}",
guid.Data1, guid.Data2, guid.Data3,
guid.Data4[0], guid.Data4[1],
guid.Data4[2], guid.Data4[3],
guid.Data4[4], guid.Data4[5],
guid.Data4[6], guid.Data4[7]);
return 0;
}
int GetMajorType(GUID guid, char* buffer) {
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
if (guid == MEDIATYPE_Video) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "MEDIATYPE_Video");
return 0;
}
if (guid == MEDIATYPE_Audio) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "MEDIATYPE_Audio");
return 0;
}
if (guid == MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB24) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "MEDIATYPE_Stream");
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
int GetSubType(GUID guid, char* buffer) {
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
if( guid == MEDIASUBTYPE_YUY2){
snprintf(buffer, 256, "MEDIASUBTYPE_YUY2");
return 0;
}
if (guid == MEDIASUBTYPE_MJPG) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "MEDIASUBTYPE_MJPG");
return 0;
}
if (guid == MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB24) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB24");
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
int GetFormatType(GUID guid, char* buffer) {
memset(buffer, 0, 256);
if (guid == FORMAT_VideoInfo) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "FORMAT_VideoInfo");
return 0;
}
if (guid == FORMAT_VideoInfo2) {
snprintf(buffer, 256, "FORMAT_VideoInfo2");
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
int DsGetOptionDevice(IMoniker* pMoniker,TDeviceInfo& info) {
USES_CONVERSION;
HRESULT hr = NULL;
IBaseFilter *pFilter;
hr = pMoniker->BindToObject(NULL, NULL, IID_IBaseFilter, (void**)&pFilter);
if (!pFilter) {
return -1;
}
IEnumPins * pinEnum = NULL;
IPin * pin = NULL;
if (FAILED(pFilter->EnumPins(&pinEnum))) {
pinEnum->Release();
return -1;
}
pinEnum->Reset();
ULONG pinFetched = 0;
while (SUCCEEDED(pinEnum->Next(1, &pin, &pinFetched)) && pinFetched) {
if (!pin) {
continue;
}
PIN_INFO pinInfo;
if (FAILED(pin->QueryPinInfo(&pinInfo))) {
continue;
}
if (pinInfo.dir != PINDIR_OUTPUT) {
continue;
}
#if PRINT_DEBUG
printf("\t[Pin] Dir:Output Name %s\n", W2A(pinInfo.achName));
#endif
IEnumMediaTypes *mtEnum = NULL;
AM_MEDIA_TYPE *mt = NULL;
if (FAILED(pin->EnumMediaTypes(&mtEnum)))
break;
mtEnum->Reset();
ULONG mtFetched = 0;
while (SUCCEEDED(mtEnum->Next(1, &mt, &mtFetched)) && mtFetched) {
char majorbuf[256];
if ( GetMajorType(mt->majortype, majorbuf) != 0) {
GuidToString(mt->majortype, majorbuf);
}
char subtypebuf[256];
if (GetSubType(mt->subtype, subtypebuf) != 0) {
GuidToString(mt->subtype, subtypebuf);
}
char formatbuf[256];
if (GetFormatType(mt->formattype, formatbuf) != 0) {
GuidToString(mt->formattype, formatbuf);
}
#if PRINT_DEBUG
printf("\t%s\t%s\t%s", majorbuf, subtypebuf, formatbuf);
#endif
BITMAPINFOHEADER* bmi = NULL;
int avgTime;
if (mt->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo) {
if ( mt->cbFormat >= sizeof(VIDEOINFOHEADER)){
VIDEOINFOHEADER *pVih = reinterpret_cast( mt->pbFormat);
bmi = &( pVih->bmiHeader );
avgTime = pVih->AvgTimePerFrame;
}
} else if (mt->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo2) {
if (mt->cbFormat >= sizeof(VIDEOINFOHEADER2)) {
VIDEOINFOHEADER2* pVih = reinterpret_cast(mt->pbFormat);
bmi = &(pVih->bmiHeader);
avgTime = pVih->AvgTimePerFrame;
}
}
if( bmi ){
info.SetResolution(bmi->biWidth, bmi->biHeight, avgTime);
#if PRINT_DEBUG
printf("\t%d * %d, Bit %d\n", bmi->biWidth, bmi->biHeight, bmi->biBitCount);
#endif
}else {
printf("\tNo find\n");
}
}
pin->Release();
}
return 0;
}
HRESULT hrrst;
GUID guid = CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory;
hrrst = DsGetAudioVideoInputDevices(videoDeviceVec, guid);
guid = CLSID_AudioInputDeviceCategory;
hrrst = DsGetAudioVideoInputDevices(audioDeviceVec, guid);
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/42649379
http://blog.csdn.net/jhqin/article/details/5929796