升级内核遇到的问题汇总

卡在starting kernel

注意一下设备树和自己的内核是不是匹配的

Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2…

[    1.041445] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[    1.050235] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db
[    1.055609] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
[    5.586971] random: fast init done

重新编译根文件系统中

正常启动的启动信息

U-Boot 2018.01-05676-g00188782ee (Aug 09 2018 - 18:49:43 +0800) Allwinner Technology
...
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80c00000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80c00000
   Loading Device Tree to 80e60000, end 80e65160 ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.15.0-rc8-licheepi-nano+ (root@biglion-MRC-WX0) (gcc version 7.2.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.2.0-6ubuntu1)) #69 Wed Apr 4 17:47:49 CST 2018
...
[    1.164113] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable
[    1.181541] mmc0: new high speed SDXC card at address aaaa
[    1.197164] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SC64G 59.5 GiB
[    1.212431]  mmcblk0: p1 p2
...
[    1.571650] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[    1.588783] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db
[    1.606673] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
[    1.653887] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[    1.670848] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:2.
[    1.688953] devtmpfs: mounted
[    1.706149] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K
[    1.869936] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: data=ordered
Starting logging: OK
Initializing random number generator... done.

Welcome to Lichee Pi
Lichee login:

错误启动时的信息

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.2.0-licheepi-nano (zhuhao@sipeed_ai) (gcc version 7.4.1 20181213 [linaro-7.4-2019.02 revision 56ec6f6b99cc167ff0c2f8e1a2eed33b1edc85d4] (Linaro GCC 7.4-2019.02)) #1 Tue Jul 16 08:26:30 UTC 2019
...
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
...
[    1.046636] platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for regulatory.db failed with error -2
[    1.055426] cfg80211: failed to load regulatory.db
[    1.060972] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
[    5.617756] random: fast init done

发现无法启动时的启动信息中缺少了 mmc 驱动加载的相关信息，怀疑可能没有加载 mmc 驱动导致设备无法读取根文件系统

最后发现还是设备树的问题，linux 5.2 主线中的设备树中没有添加 mmc 相关的配置，在添加 mmc 相关的配置后重新编译，设备替换为正确的设备数后，启动成功

以后移植内核的时候需要注意一下设备树文件

spi 启动

正常启动的打印信息

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.15.0-next-20180202-licheepi-nano+ (biglion@biglion-MRC-WX0) (gcc version 7.2.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.2.0-6ubuntu1)) #107 Sat May 19 11:56:16 CST 2018
...
[    0.129219] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
...
[    0.782259] m25p80 spi0.0: w25q128 (16384 Kbytes)
...
[    0.813807] Creating 4 MTD partitions on "spi0.0":
[    0.818652] 0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "u-boot"
[    0.825860] 0x000000100000-0x000000110000 : "dtb"
[    0.833036] 0x000000110000-0x000000510000 : "kernel"
[    0.840417] 0x000000510000-0x000001000000 : "rootfs"
...
[    0.915838] sun4i-drm display-engine: bound 1e60000.display-backend (ops 0xc0633630)
[    0.923836] sun4i-tcon 1c0c000.lcd-controller: Missing LVDS properties, Please upgrade your DT
[    0.932515] sun4i-tcon 1c0c000.lcd-controller: LVDS output disabled
[    0.939657] sun4i-drm display-engine: bound 1c0c000.lcd-controller (ops 0xc0632848)
[    0.947435] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[    0.954034] [drm] No driver support for vblank timestamp query.
[    1.093614] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 100x30
[    1.116657] sun4i-drm display-engine: fb0:  frame buffer device
[    1.123722] [drm] Initialized sun4i-drm 1.0.0 20150629 for display-engine on minor 0
...
[    3.590404] VFS: Mounted root (jffs2 filesystem) on device 31:3.
[    3.598132] devtmpfs: mounted
[    3.607538] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K

无法启动的打印信息

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.15.0-next-20180202-licheepi-nano+ (biglion@biglion-MRC-WX0) (gcc version 7.2.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.2.0-6ubuntu1)) #107 Sat May 19 11:56:16 CST 2018
...
[    0.157377] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
...
[    0.820678] m25p80 spi0.0: w25q128 (16384 Kbytes)
...
[    0.954065] Waiting for root device /dev/mtdblock3...

之所以会卡在 Waiting for root device /dev/mtdblock3 是因为内核没有开启 MTD_BLOCK 的支持，在内核中开启后，重新编译烧录，启动成功

VFS: Cannot open root device “mtdblock3” or unknown-block(31,3): error -19

[    1.308757] VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock3" or unknown-block(31,3): error -19
[    1.316804] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[    1.325238] 1f00            1024 mtdblock0
[    1.325248]  (driver?)
[    1.331790] 1f01              64 mtdblock1
[    1.331795]  (driver?)
[    1.338392] 1f02            4160 mtdblock2
[    1.338400]  (driver?)
[    1.344983] 1f03           11136 mtdblock3
[    1.344990]  (driver?)

这种情况注意你的内核中对文件系统的支持，与实际的根目录格式是否一致

比如我的情况就是根目录是 jffs2 的格式，那么内核在配置的时候就要开启 jffs2 的支持

勾选 File systems ‣ Miscellaneous filesystems ‣ Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support