centos6.5的安装，oracle数据库的安装，备份数据的导入详情。
安装中文CentOS 6.5的详细步骤及要注意点到链接：
https://jingyan.baidu.com/album/25648fc1a235c99191fd0008.html?picindex=1
安装完成系统后按照下列步骤安装oracle数据库，导入备份数据。
1、在安装Oracle之前，用命令检查必需的RPM软件包有没有安装，检查的命令如下：
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelfelfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headerskernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
2、在安装Oracle之前，安装一些lib。
yum -y install gccgcc-c++ make binutilscompat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-develglibc glibc-commonglibc-devel libaiolibaio-devel libgcclibstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel
yum install -y libstdc++.i686
yum install -y libaio-devel.i686
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64
yum install unixODBC.i686 -y
yum install unixODBC-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install ksh.x86_64 -y
yum install package numactl-devel
3、 vi /etc/sysctl.conf 在末尾处添加下面的信息
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
要使 /etc/sysctl.conf 更改立即生效，执行以下命令： > sysctl -p
可能出现如下错误：
error:"net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is anunknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" isan unknown key
解决方法：
>lsmod | grep bridge
>modprobe bridge
>lsmod | grep bridge
4、vi /etc/security/limits.conf在末尾处添加
oracle soft nproc 4096
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 4096
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
5、vi /etc/pam.d/login在末尾处添加
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
6、vi /etc/profile在末尾处添加
if [ $USER ="oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL ="/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p16384
ulimit -n65536
else
ulimit -u16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
7、创建Oracle用户和安装目录。
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall //创建Oracle Inventory 组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba //创建组群DBA 组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle //创建Oracle软件拥有者（-g表示辅助组，-G表示主组）（还可以在后面接-d dir，表示用户的家目录的位置，默认普通用户的家目录在/home下）
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle //修改oracle用户的密码
创建安装目录：
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/app #基目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/app/oraInventory #该目录就像Windows下的注册表文件，每当有软件安装，就会向里面写一些注册表
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle #oracle数据库目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/product #oracle实例目录
更改目录属主为Oracle用户所有（防止安装过程中发生权限不够的问题），输入命令：
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/app
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/app/
8、配置oracle用户的环境变量，要在oracle用户下进行操作，输入：（在oracle用户下操作）
>su oracle （进入oracle命令）
>vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 在末尾处添加
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oraInventory
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin
umask 022
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
9,将oracle安装包导入，解压安装包（在root用户下）
[oracle@localhost root]$ su - root
[root@localhost ~]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# ls
[root@localhost /]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@localhost /]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
10.在linux 服务器系统上操作安装数据库，（到服务器显示界面操作，不要ssh远程）
[root@localhost /]# su - oracle
-bash: [: oracle: unary operator expected
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ su - root
[root@localhost ~]# xhost +
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller界面的安装步骤百度有详细，
11，启动oracle的.sh文件。（安着步骤来）
[oracle@localhost database]$ su - root
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@localhost oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /home/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /home/oracle/oraInventory tooinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost oraInventory]#
[root@localhost oraInventory]# cd/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@localhost dbhome_1]# ./root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory:[/usr/local/bin]:
Copyingdbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copyingoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copyingcoraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file asneeded by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database iscreated
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
中间直接回车
二，数据库导入
1、防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Manual customization of this file is notrecommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -jACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22-j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport1521 -j ACCEPT （这个是数据库默认端口，一般填写这个）
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport8080 -j ACCEPT （这个是tomcat端口）
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-withicmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
~
~
~
~
"/etc/sysconfig/iptables" 16L, 611C written
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables start
iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]#
3.上传数据备份文件到/home/oracle
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle
[root@localhost oracle]# ****.dmp.gz
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /home/oracle/
[oracle@localhost ~]$ imp 用户/密码@orcl file=/home/oracle/****.dmp fromuser=用户 touser=用户