django的as_view方法实现分析

django的类视图拥有自动查找指定方法的功能, 通过调用是通过as_view()方法实现

urls.py

from meduo_mall.demo import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'register/$', views.Demo.as_view())
]

views.py

from django.views.generic import View


class Demo(View): def get(self, request): return HttpResponse('get page') def post(self, request): return HttpResponse('post page') 

为什么as_view能自动匹配指定的方法,

先看源码

    @classonlymethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs): # 实际上是一个闭包 返回 view函数 """ Main entry point for a request-response process. """ for key in initkwargs: if key in cls.http_method_names: raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a " "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that." % (key, cls.__name__)) if not hasattr(cls, key): raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view " "only accepts arguments that are already " "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key)) def view(request, *args, **kwargs): # 作用:增加属性, 调用dispatch方法 self = cls(**initkwargs) # 创建一个 cls 的实例对象, cls 是调用这个方法的 类(Demo) if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): self.head = self.get self.request = request # 为对象增加 request, args, kwargs 三个属性 self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) # 找到指定的请求方法, 并调用它 view.view_class = cls view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs # take name and docstring from class update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=()) # and possible attributes set by decorators # like csrf_exempt from dispatch update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=()) return view def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist, if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: # 判断请求的方法类视图是否拥有, http_method_names=['get', 'post'] handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) # 如果存在 取出该方法 else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed return handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # 执行该方法 

简化版

    @classonlymethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs): # 实际上是一个闭包 返回 view函数 """ Main entry point for a request-response process. """ def view(request, *args, **kwargs): # 作用:增加属性, 调用dispatch方法 self = cls(**initkwargs) # 创建一个 cls 的实例对象, cls 是调用这个方法的 类(Demo) if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): self.head = self.get self.request = request # 为对象增加 request, args, kwargs 三个属性 self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) # 找到指定的请求方法, 并调用它 return view def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist, if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: # 判断请求的方法类视图是否拥有, http_method_names=['get', 'post'] handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) # 如果存在 取出该方法 else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed return handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # 返回该请求方法执行的结果 

再简化

def as_view(): # 校验 + 返回view方法 # 一些校验 ... def view(): # 执行视图 # 增加 为对象request, args, kwargs 属性 ... return dispatch() # 调用指定的请求方法 return view def dispatch(): # 真正的查找指定的方法, 并调用该方法 ... return handler() 
调用顺序: as_view --> view --> dispatch
  • 可以看出as_view实际上是一个闭包, 它的作用做一些校验工作, 再返回view方法.

  • view方法的作用是给请求对象补充三个参数, 并调用 dispatch方法处理

  • dispatch方法查找到指定的请求方法, 并执行

可以得出结论: 实际上真正实现查找的方法是 dispatch方法



转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ellisonzhang/p/10668486.html

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