Python练习（3）
文件练习：
-
生成一个大文件ips.txt,要求1200行，每行随机为172.25.254.0/24段的ip
-
读取ips.txt文件统计这个文件中ip出现频率排前10的ip
import random def create_ip_file(filename): ip = ['172.25.254.' + str(i) for i in range(1,255)] # print(random.sample(ip,1)) with open(filename,'a+') as f: for i in range(1200): f.write(random.sample(ip,1)[0] + '\n') def sorted_by_ip(filename,count=10): ips_dict = dict() with open(filename) as f: for ip in f: ip = ip.strip() if ip in ips_dict: ips_dict[ip] += 1 else: ips_dict[ip] = 1 sorted_ip = sorted(ips_dict.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)[:count] return sorted_ip print(sorted_by_ip('ips.txt'))
测试：
1. 在当前目录新建目录img, 里面包含100个文件, 100个文件名
各不相同(X4G5.png)
2. 将当前img目录所有以.png结尾的后缀名改为.jpg.
import random
import string
import os
from os.path import splitext
def gen_code(len=4):
li = random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits,len)
return ''.join(li)
def create_files():
li = [gen_code() for i in range(100)]
os.mkdir('img')
for i in li:
os.mknod('img/' + i + '.png')
def modify_suffix(dirname,old_suffix,new_suffix):
#找出以png结尾的文件名
pngfile = filter(lambda filename:filename.endswith(old_suffix),os.listdir(dirname))
#分离文件名和后缀
basefiles = [os.path.splitext(filename)[0] for filename in pngfile]
#文件重命名
for filename in basefiles:
oldname = os.path.join(dirname,filename + old_suffix)
newname = os.path.join(dirname,filename + new_suffix)
os.rename(oldname,newname)
print('%s重命名为%s成功' %(oldname,newname))
modify_suffix('img','.png','.jpg')
测试：
时间转换练习
1.获取当前主机信息: 操作系统名, 主机名, 内核版本, 硬件架构
2.获取开机时长和开机时间
3.获取当前登录用户
import os
import psutil
from datetime import datetime
print('主机信息'.center(50,'*'))
info = os.uname()
print("""
操作系统: %s
主机名称: %s
内核版本: %s
硬件架构: %s
"""%(info.sysname,info.nodename,info.release,info.machine))
print('开机信息'.center(50,'*'))
boot_time = psutil.boot_time()
#将时间戳转换为datetime类型时间
boot_time_obj = datetime.fromtimestamp(boot_time)
now_time = datetime.now()
delta_time = now_time - boot_time_obj
print('开机时间:',boot_time_obj)
print('当前时间:',str(now_time).split('.')[0])
print('开机时长:',str(delta_time).split('.')[0])
print('当前登录用户'.center(50,'*'))
login_user = psutil.users()
info = psutil.users()[0]
print(info.name)
测试：
面向对象练习
1.小明体重75.0公斤
2.小明每次跑步会减肥0.5公斤
3.小明每次吃东西体重会增加1公斤
class People():
def __init__(self,name,weight):
self.name = name
self.weight = weight
def __str__(self):
return '我的名字叫%s, 体重是 %.2f' %(self.name,self.weight)
def run(self):
print('%s选择跑步' %(self.name))
self.weight -= 0.5
def eat(self):
print('%s选择吃东西' %(self.name))
self.weight += 1
xiaoming = People('小明',75.0)
xiaoming.run()
print(xiaoming)
xiaoming.eat()
print(xiaoming)
测试：
1.房子有户型，总面积和家具名称列表
新房子没有任何的家具
2.家具有名字和占地面积，其中
床：占4平米
衣柜：占2平米
餐桌：占1.5平米
3.将以上三件家具添加到房子中
4.打印房子时，要求输出:户型，总面积，剩余面积，家具名称列表
class Furniture(object):
def __init__(self,name,area):
self.name = name
self.area = area
def __str__(self):
return '[%s] 占地 %.2f平米' %(self.name,self.area)
class House(object):
def __init__(self,type,area):
self.type = type
self.area = area
self.free_area = area
self.fur_list = []
def __str__(self):
return ('户型: %s\n总面积: %.2f平米[剩余: %.2f平米]\n家具: %s'
%(self.type,self.area,self.free_area,self.fur_list))
def add_fur(self,item):
self.fur_list.append(item.name)
self.free_area -= item.area
bed = Furniture('bed',4)
chest = Furniture('chest',2)
table = Furniture('table',1.5)
home = House('两室一厅',100)
home.add_fur(bed)
home.add_fur(chest)
home.add_fur(table)
print(home)
测试：
搭建ftp服务器
需先安装pip3
from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler,ThrottledDTPHandler
from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer
from pyftpdlib.log import LogFormatter
import logging
#记录日志到文件
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
#定义handler
h1 = logging.StreamHandler()
h2 = logging.FileHandler(filename='ftpserver.log',encoding='utf-8')
#定义日志格式
h1.setFormatter(LogFormatter())
h2.setFormatter(LogFormatter())
#使用handler
logger.addHandler(h1) #输出到屏幕
logger.addHandler(h2) #输出到文件
#实例化虚拟用户
authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
authorizer.add_user('user1','123','/tmp/ftpuser',perm='elradfmw')
#添加匿名用户
authorizer.add_anonymous('/tmp/ftpuser')
#初始化ftp句柄
handler = FTPHandler
handler.authorizer = authorizer
#添加被动端口范围
handler.passive_ports = range(4000,5000)
#上传下载速度控制
dtp_handler = ThrottledDTPHandler
dtp_handler.read_limit = 50 * 1024
dtp_handler.write_limit = 50 * 1024
handler.dtp_handler = dtp_handler
#监听ip和端口
server = FTPServer(('0.0.0.0',21),handler)
#最大连接数
server.max_cons = 5
#同一个ip最多只能连接2个
server.max_cons_per_ip = 2
server.serve_forever()
邮件发送
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.header import Header
mail_host = 'smtp.qq.com' #发件服务器
mail_user = '381982550' #用户名
mail_pass = 'drmcqixpldyjbihd' #授权码
#发件人
sender = '[email protected]'
#收件人
receivers = ['[email protected]','[email protected]']
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = sender
message['To'] = ';'.join(receivers)
message['Subject'] = '这是邮件主题, 测试邮件!'
#邮件正文内容
message.attach(MIMEText('这是正文: 发送图片和附件
图片展示:
','html','utf-8'))
#指定图片资源
Picture = open('redhat.jpg','rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(Picture.read())
Picture.close()
#定义图片ID，在HTML文本中用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID','')
message.attach(msgImage)
#添加文本附件
att1 = MIMEText(open('ftpserver.log','rb').read(),'base64','utf-8')
att1['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment',filename=('utf-8','','warning.txt'))
message.attach(att1)
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP()
smtpObj.connect(mail_host,25)
smtpObj.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
smtpObj.sendmail(sender,receivers,message.as_string())
print('发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
print(f'发送失败，错误原因: {e}')