Oracle安装全过程（数据库+客户端+plsql）

1、安装11g数据库

安装

2、client 客户端

3、plsql 64位 

首先，安装完后配置客户端目录

其次，配置环境变量：

NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
或 SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

最后，配置系统变量：

TNS_ADMIN
D:\instantclient_11\network\ADMIN

准备登陆plsql：

解除scott用户锁定

->进入system用户输入

alter user scott account unlock;

注：oracle错误信息提示中英文显示切换 

alter session set NLS_LANGUAGE='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'; --英文切换为中文

alter session set nls_language='american'; --中文切换为英文

①新创建用户 

第一步，用下面的语句查询是否有要创建的表空间"DBTEST_TAB"和"DBTEST_IDX"，如果没有，则把D:\database\zyhip改为对应的路径，有的话直接创建用户

select tablespace_name
       ,file_name
       ,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0)"SIZE(MB)"
       ,AUTOEXTENSIBLE
       ,increment_by
       ,round(maxbytes/(1024*1024),0) max_size
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;

定义块的大小

alter system set db_16K_cache_size=20m; --定义块的大小

 创建表空间

--创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE "DBTEST_TAB"
    blocksize 16k
    DATAFILE 'F:\DBtest_Tab\DBTEST_TAB01.ora' SIZE 100M 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  50M MAXSIZE 32000M,
               'F:\DBtest_Tab\DBTEST_TAB02.ora' SIZE 100M 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  50M MAXSIZE 32000M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT  AUTO ;
--创建索引表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE "HOSPDW_IDX"
    blocksize 16k
DATAFILE 'F:\DBtest_Tab\DBTEST_IDX01.ora' SIZE 50M 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  50M MAXSIZE 32000M, 
'F:\DBtest_Tab\DBTEST_IDX02.ora' SIZE 50M 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  50M MAXSIZE 32000M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT  AUTO ;

创建用户

create user Ruan  --用户名
IDENTIFIED BY dbtest  --密码
  default tablespace DBTEST_TAB
  temporary tablespace TEMP
  profile DEFAULT;

-- Grant/Revoke role privileges 
grant connect to Ruan with admin option;
grant dba to Ruan with admin option;
grant resource to Ruan with admin option;
-- Grant/Revoke system privileges 
grant create procedure to Ruan;
grant create public synonym to Ruan;
grant create table to Ruan;
grant create view to Ruan;
grant debug any procedure to Ruan;
grant delete any table to Ruan;
grant drop public synonym to Ruan;
grant insert any table to Ruan;
grant select any dictionary to Ruan;
grant select any sequence to Ruan;
grant select any table to Ruan with admin option;
grant unlimited tablespace to Ruan with admin option;
grant update any table to Ruan;

 

②建表

--新建表
create table temp 
(
id number(6) primary key,  --主键约束：标识整条记录，唯一标识(非空+唯一)
name varchar2(20) constraint temp_name_nn not null, --②非空约束起名：temp_name_nn，否则系统默认起名
sex number(1),
age number(3),
dim_date date,
grade number(2) default 1, --③默认值1
class number(4),
email varchar2(50),
addr  varchar2(20) unique, --①唯一约束 
constraint temp_email_name_uq unique(email,name)  --④表级约束
--constraint temp_id_pk primary key(email,name)  --⑤主键约束
)


--修改已有约束
alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name unique (column_name)    --列名
--添加外键约束（级联删除）
--foreign key (groupid) references t_group(id) on delete cascade on update cascade 
alter table temp add  constraint constraint_tu_id foreign key (id) references temp_1 (id) on delete cascade; --删除级联

添加外键约束（级联更新）：Oracle的外键默认是非延迟约束，修改学生的外键为延迟约束。

--例子
-- 班级表
create table tb_class
(
  id number not null, --班级主键
  name varchar2(50), --班级名称
  constraint pk_tb_class primary key (id)
); 
-- 学生表
create table tb_student
(
  id number not null,   --学生主键
  name varchar2(50),      --学生姓名
  class_id number,            --学生所属班级，外键   
  --主键约束
  constraint pk_tb_student primary key (id),
  --外键约束
  --设置级联删除为no action
  constraint fk_tb_student_class_id foreign key (class_id) references tb_class (id)
);
-- 添加班级数据
insert into tb_class (id, name) values (1, '一班');
insert into tb_class (id, name) values (2, '二班');
insert into tb_class (id, name) values (3, '三班');
-- 添加学生数据
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (1, '小明', 1);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (2, '小刚', 1);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (3, '小王', 1);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (4, '二明', 2);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (5, '二刚', 2);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (6, '二王', 2);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (7, '大明', 3);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (8, '大刚', 3);
insert into tb_student (id, name, class_id) values (9, '大王', 3);



---------------------------开始-------------------
--删除学生表(tb_student)上的已有外键
alter table tb_student drop constraint fk_tb_student_class_id;
--添加延迟约束外键
alter table tb_student add constraint fk_tb_student_class_id foreign key (class_id) references tb_class (id) on delete cascade deferrable;

--触发器
create or replace trigger tgr_tb_class_update 
after update of id on tb_class
for each row
begin
  if :old.id<>:new.id then
    update tb_student set class_id=:new.id where class_id=:old.id;
  end if;
end;