JAVA通过设置GUI并且使用JDBC连接数据库

JAVA通过JDBC连接SQL Server数据库并且实现增、删、减、查等功能。
设置图形界面GUI访问数据库。

package Test1;
import java.sql.*;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;


public class JDBC {
	static Connection conn =null;
	static Statement stmt =null;
	static ResultSet rs =null;
	static PreparedStatement prestmt=null;
	//接收查询结果
	static String no;
	static String name;
	static int age_1;
	static String dept;
	
	static String []No=new String[100];
	static String []Name=new String[100];
	static int []Age=new int[100];
	static String []Dept=new String[100];
	static int Len=0;
	
	static int NPC=0;
	static int flag=0;    //判断是否连接
	
	
	private static void creatAndShowGUI() {
		JFrame f = new JFrame("SQL Server");
		f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 400, 30));
		f.setSize(900, 500);
		f.setLocation(300, 200);
		f.setVisible(true);
		f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		JButton btn0 = new JButton("连接");
		JButton btn1 = new JButton("插入");
		JButton btn2 = new JButton("修改");
		JButton btn3 = new JButton("删除");
		JButton btn4 = new JButton("查询");
		JButton btn5 = new JButton("输出");
		JButton btn6 = new JButton("退出");
		f.add(btn0);
		f.add(btn1);
		f.add(btn2);
		f.add(btn3);
		f.add(btn4);
		f.add(btn5);
		f.add(btn6);
		// ============================连接SQL
		btn0.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 0) {
				try {
					Lianjie();
					flag = 1;// 记录已经连接
					JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
					dialog.setSize(200, 100);
					dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
					JLabel label = new JLabel("             连接数据库成功！");
					dialog.add(label);
					dialog.setVisible(true);
					dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
				} catch (SQLException e1) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(250, 150);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("       数据库已经连接了，不要重复操作！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}

		});// ============================连接SQL

		// ===============================插入
		btn1.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 1) {
				JFrame tf = new JFrame("插入");
				tf.setSize(500, 300);
				tf.setLocation(300, 200);
				tf.setVisible(true);
				tf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);

				JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(6, 2, 0, 10));

				JTextField Sno = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sno = new JLabel("Sno");

				JTextField Sname = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sname = new JLabel("Sname");

				JTextField Sage = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sage = new JLabel("Sage");

				JTextField Sdept = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sdept = new JLabel("Sdept");

				JButton btn = new JButton("确定");
				btn.addActionListener(o -> {
					String sno = Sno.getText();
					String sname = Sname.getText();
					String sage = Sage.getText();
					String sdept = Sdept.getText();
					if (sno != null && !sno.trim().equals("")) {
						int age;
						if (sage != null && !sage.trim().equals("")) {
							age = Integer.valueOf(sage);
						} else {
							age = -1;// 表示年龄未知
						}
						try {
							Insert(sno, sname, age, sdept);
							JDialog dialog = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
							dialog.setSize(200, 100);
							dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
							JLabel label = new JLabel("        插入成功！");
							dialog.add(label);
							dialog.setVisible(true);
							dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
						} catch (SQLException e1) {
							// TODO Auto-generated catch block
							e1.printStackTrace();
						}
					} else {
						JDialog dialog = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
						dialog.setSize(200, 100);
						dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
						JLabel label = new JLabel("      主码不能为空！");
						dialog.add(label);
						dialog.setVisible(true);
						dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
					}
				});

				panel.add(label_Sno);
				panel.add(Sno);
				panel.add(label_Sname);
				panel.add(Sname);
				panel.add(label_Sage);
				panel.add(Sage);
				panel.add(label_Sdept);
				panel.add(Sdept);
				panel.add(btn);
				tf.add(panel, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(200, 100);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("             需要先连接！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}

		});// ===============插入

		// ==================修改名字
		btn2.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 1) {
				JFrame tf = new JFrame("修改");
				tf.setSize(500, 300);
				tf.setLocation(300, 200);
				tf.setVisible(true);
				tf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);

				JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2, 0, 70));
				JTextField Sno = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sno = new JLabel("要修改的Sno:");

				JTextField Sname = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sname = new JLabel("修改后的Sname:");
				JButton btn = new JButton("提交");
				// 提交
				btn.addActionListener(o -> {
					String sno = Sno.getText();
					String sname = Sname.getText();
					if (sno != null && !sno.trim().equals("")) {
						JFrame dialog = new JFrame("提示");
						dialog.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 65, 30));
						dialog.setSize(300, 200);
						dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
						JLabel label = new JLabel("               确定修改吗？");
						dialog.add(label);
						dialog.setVisible(true);
						dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
						JButton yes = new JButton("Yes");
						JButton no = new JButton("no");
						dialog.add(yes);
						dialog.add(no);
						// 确定修改
						yes.addActionListener(q -> {
							dialog.dispose();
							try {
								Update(sno, sname); // 将上一个弹出窗口自动关闭
								if (NPC == 1) {
									JDialog dialog_1 = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
									dialog_1.setSize(200, 100);
									dialog_1.setLocation(500, 300);
									JLabel label_1 = new JLabel("        修改成功！");
									dialog_1.add(label_1);
									dialog_1.setVisible(true);
									dialog_1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
									NPC = 0;
								} else {
									JDialog dialog_1 = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
									dialog_1.setSize(200, 100);
									dialog_1.setLocation(500, 300);
									JLabel label_1 = new JLabel("        学号不存在！");
									dialog_1.add(label_1);
									dialog_1.setVisible(true);
									dialog_1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
								}
							} catch (SQLException e1) {
								// TODO Auto-generated catch block
								e1.printStackTrace();
							}
						});
						// 不修改
						no.addActionListener(q -> {
							dialog.dispose();
						});
					} else {
						JDialog dialog = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
						dialog.setSize(200, 100);
						dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
						JLabel label = new JLabel("      主码不能为空！");
						dialog.add(label);
						dialog.setVisible(true);
						dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
					}

				});
				panel.add(label_Sno);
				panel.add(Sno);
				panel.add(label_Sname);
				panel.add(Sname);
				panel.add(btn);
				tf.add(panel, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(200, 100);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("             需要先连接！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}

		});// =============================修改

		// =================================按学号删除
		btn3.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 1) {
				JFrame tf = new JFrame("删除");
				tf.setSize(500, 300);
				tf.setLocation(300, 200);
				tf.setVisible(true);
				tf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);

				JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2, 0, 100));
				JTextField Sno = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sno = new JLabel("要删除的Sno:");

				JButton btn = new JButton("提交");
				// 提交
				btn.addActionListener(o -> {
					String sno = Sno.getText();
					if (sno != null && !sno.trim().equals("")) {
						JFrame dialog = new JFrame("提示");
						dialog.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 65, 30));
						dialog.setSize(300, 200);
						dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
						JLabel label = new JLabel("               确定删除吗？");
						dialog.add(label);
						dialog.setVisible(true);
						dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
						JButton yes = new JButton("Yes");
						JButton no = new JButton("no");
						dialog.add(yes);
						dialog.add(no);
						// 确定修改
						yes.addActionListener(q -> {
							dialog.dispose();
							try {
								Delete(sno); // 将上一个弹出窗口自动关闭
								if (NPC == 1) {
									JDialog dialog_1 = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
									dialog_1.setSize(200, 100);
									dialog_1.setLocation(500, 300);
									JLabel label_1 = new JLabel("        删除成功！");
									dialog_1.add(label_1);
									dialog_1.setVisible(true);
									dialog_1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
									NPC = 0;
								} else {
									JDialog dialog_1 = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
									dialog_1.setSize(200, 100);
									dialog_1.setLocation(500, 300);
									JLabel label_1 = new JLabel("        该学生不存在！");
									dialog_1.add(label_1);
									dialog_1.setVisible(true);
									dialog_1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
								}
							} catch (SQLException e1) {
								// TODO Auto-generated catch block
								e1.printStackTrace();
							}
						});
						// 不修改
						no.addActionListener(q -> {
							dialog.dispose();
						});
					} else {
						JDialog dialog = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
						dialog.setSize(200, 100);
						dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
						JLabel label = new JLabel("      删除不能为空！");
						dialog.add(label);
						dialog.setVisible(true);
						dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
					}

				});
				panel.add(label_Sno);
				panel.add(Sno);
				panel.add(btn);
				tf.add(panel, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(200, 100);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("             需要先连接！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}

		});// =================================删除

		// ======================================查询
		btn4.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 1) {
				JFrame tf = new JFrame("查询");
				tf.setSize(500, 300);
				tf.setLocation(300, 200);
				tf.setVisible(true);
				tf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
				JTextArea showarea = new JTextArea(12, 34);
				JScrollPane scrollpane = new JScrollPane(showarea);
				showarea.setEditable(false);
				JPanel panel = new JPanel();

				JTextField Sno = new JTextField(20);
				JLabel label_Sno = new JLabel("Sno");

				JButton btn = new JButton("查询");
				showarea.append("学号\t姓名\t年龄\t系别\n");
				btn.addActionListener(o -> {
					String sno = Sno.getText();
					if (sno != null && !sno.trim().equals("")) {
						try {
							findUser(sno);
							if (NPC == 1) {
								String age = Integer.toString(age_1);
								showarea.append(no);
								showarea.append("\t");
								showarea.append(name);
								showarea.append("\t");
								showarea.append(age);
								showarea.append("\t");
								showarea.append(dept);
								showarea.append("\n");
								NPC = 0;
							} else {
								JDialog dialog_1 = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
								dialog_1.setSize(200, 100);
								dialog_1.setLocation(500, 300);
								JLabel label_1 = new JLabel("        该学生不存在！");
								dialog_1.add(label_1);
								dialog_1.setVisible(true);
								dialog_1.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
							}
						} catch (SQLException e1) {
							// TODO Auto-generated catch block
							e1.printStackTrace();
						}

					} else {
						JDialog dialog = new JDialog(tf, "提示", true);
						dialog.setSize(200, 100);
						dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
						JLabel label = new JLabel("      主码不能为空！");
						dialog.add(label);
						dialog.setVisible(true);
						dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
					}
				});
				panel.add(label_Sno);
				panel.add(Sno);
				panel.add(btn);
				tf.add(scrollpane, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
				tf.add(panel, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(200, 100);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("             需要先连接！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}
		});// ======================查询

		// ============================输出
		btn5.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 1) {
				JFrame tf = new JFrame("SQL Server");
				tf.setSize(500, 300);
				tf.setLocation(300, 200);
				tf.setVisible(true);
				tf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
				JTextArea showarea = new JTextArea(12, 34);
				JScrollPane scrollpane = new JScrollPane(showarea);
				showarea.setEditable(false);
				tf.add(scrollpane);
				try {
					Print();
					showarea.setText("");
					showarea.append("学号\t\t姓名\t年龄\t系别\n");
					for (int i = 0; i < Len; i++) {
						String age = Integer.toString(Age[i]);
						showarea.append(No[i]);
						showarea.append("\t\t");
						showarea.append(Name[i]);
						showarea.append("\t");
						showarea.append(age);
						showarea.append("\t");
						showarea.append(Dept[i]);
						showarea.append("\n");
					}
					Len = 0;
				} catch (SQLException e1) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(200, 100);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("             需要先连接！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}
		});

		// ============================断开SQL
		btn6.addActionListener(e -> {
			if (flag == 1) {
				try {
					Close();
					flag = 0;// 记录已经连接
					JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
					dialog.setSize(200, 100);
					dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
					JLabel label = new JLabel("             断开数据库成功！");
					dialog.add(label);
					dialog.setVisible(true);
					dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
				} catch (SQLException e1) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}
			} else {
				JDialog dialog = new JDialog(f, "提示", true);
				dialog.setSize(250, 150);
				dialog.setLocation(500, 300);
				JLabel label = new JLabel("       数据库已经断开了，不要重复操作！");
				dialog.add(label);
				dialog.setVisible(true);
				dialog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JDialog.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
			}
		});// ============================断开SQL

	}// ===============================GUI
	
	//连接SQL服务器
	public static void Lianjie() throws SQLException{
		String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;DatabaseName=Student";
		String username = "sa";		
		String password = "qqy.2520";
		conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
		stmt = conn.createStatement();
	}
	//输出全部信息
	public static boolean Print() throws SQLException {
		try {
			String sql="select * from Student";
			rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql);
			while(rs.next()) {
				No[Len]=rs.getString("Sno");
				Name[Len]=rs.getString("Sname");
				Age[Len]=rs.getInt("Sage");
				Dept[Len]=rs.getString("Sdept");
				Len++;
			}
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	//按学号查找信息
	public static boolean findUser(String Sno)  throws SQLException{
		try {
			String sql="select * from Student where Sno=?";
			prestmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			prestmt.setString(1,Sno);
			rs=prestmt.executeQuery();
			if(rs.next()) {
				NPC=1;      //学号存在
				no=rs.getString("Sno");
				name=rs.getString("Sname");
				age_1=rs.getInt("Sage");
				dept=rs.getString("Sdept");
				//System.out.println(Sno1+"\t\t"+Sname+"\t\t"+Sage+"\t\t"+Sdept);
			}
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	//修改
	public static boolean Update(String Sno,String name)  throws SQLException{
		try {
			String sql="update Student set  Sname=?  where Sno=? ";
			prestmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			prestmt.setString(1,name);
			prestmt.setString(2,Sno);
			int a= prestmt.executeUpdate();   //修改数据库，并且记录修改的条数
			if(a>0) {
				NPC=1;
				System.out.println("修改成功");
			}
			else
				System.out.println("修改失败");
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	//插入
	public static boolean Insert(String Sno,String Sname,int Sage,String Sdept)  throws SQLException{
		try {
			String sql="insert Student values(?,?,?,?)";
			prestmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			prestmt.setString(1,Sno);
			prestmt.setString(2,Sname);
			prestmt.setInt(3,Sage);
			prestmt.setString(4,Sdept);
			int a= prestmt.executeUpdate();   //修改数据库，并且记录修改的条数
			if(a>0) {
				System.out.println("插入成功");
				NPC=1;
			}
			else
				System.out.println("插入修改失败");
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	//删除
	public static boolean Delete(String Sno)  throws SQLException{
		try {
			String sql="delete from Student where Sno=?";
			prestmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			prestmt.setString(1,Sno);
			int a= prestmt.executeUpdate();   //修改数据库，并且记录修改的条数
			if(a>0) {
				System.out.println("删除成功");
				NPC=1;
			}
			else
				System.out.println("删除失败");
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	//关闭数据库，关闭连接
	public static void Close() throws SQLException {
		if(rs!=null) {rs.close();}
		if(prestmt!=null) {stmt.close();}
		if(conn!=null) {conn.close();}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		SwingUtilities.invokeLater(JDBC::creatAndShowGUI);
		//Close();
	}
}

效果图：

这里是主界面，执行操作时需要【连接】数据库。
1.插入界面：

2.查询界面：