springboot數據庫配置
知識點和問題匯總
- 1.对于数据访问层
- 2.jdbc访问mysql
- 3.配置druid连接
- 4.整合mybatis--注解方式
- 5.整合mybatis--配置文件方式
- 6.Spring Data
- 7.整合jpa来操作数据库
1.对于数据访问层
无论是SQL还是NOSQL，SpringBoot默认采用整合SpringData的方式进行统一处理，添加大量自动配置，屏蔽了很多设置。引入各种xxxTemplate，xxxRepository来简化我们对数据访问层的操作。对我们来说只需要进行简单的设置即可。
Spring-boot-starter-data-XXX
2.jdbc访问mysql
1.在创建项目的时候勾选上mysql和jdbc
2.pom.xml中的配置如下：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jdbcartifactId>dependency>
<dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<scope>runtimescope>
dependency>
3.application.yml中配置如下
spring:
datasource:
username: rootpassword:123456
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
driver‐class‐name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
效果：
默认是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源；
数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面；
自动配置原理：org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc：
1、参考DataSourceConfiguration，根据配置创建数据源，默认使用Tomcat连接池；可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型；
2、SpringBoot默认可以支持；
org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource
3、自定义数据源类型
/**
* Generic DataSource configuration.
*/
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源，利用反射创建响应type的数据源，并且绑定相关属性
return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
}
}
4、DataSourceInitializer：ApplicationListener；
作用：
1）、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句；
2）、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句；
默认只需要将文件命名为：
schema‐*.sql、data‐*.sql
默认规则：schema.sql，schema‐all.sql；
可以在datasource下面使用
schema:
- classpath:department.sql
指定位置
5、操作数据库：自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库,可以通过标签@Autowired进行加载
3.配置druid连接
1.引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>druidartifactId>
<version>1.1.10version>
dependency>
2.修改配置文件
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
#配置监控统计拦截的filters，去掉后监控界面sql无法统计，'wall'用于防火墙
filters: stat,wall,log4j
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
# schema:
#- classpath:department.sql
3.配置测试：
RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBoot06DataJdbcApplicationTests {
@Autowired
DataSource dataSource;
@Test
public void contextLoads() throws SQLException {
//org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
System.out.println(dataSource.getClass());
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
connection.close();
}
}
4.自定义配置类
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
}
5.配置监控统
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
//配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
return bean;
}
//2、配置一个web监控的filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
return bean;
}
}
4.整合mybatis–注解方式
1.新建议一个工程
file->project->spring Initializr
web中勾选spring web
sql中勾选jdbc、mysql、mybatis
2.pom.xml中的关键配置依赖
org.mybatis.spring.boot
mybatis-spring-boot-starter
2.1.3
依赖包之间的关系图
3.引入druid连接池配置
com.alibaba
druid
1.1.12
4.配置application.yml文件
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=TRUE
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
# 配置监控统计拦截的filters，去掉后监控界面sql无法统计，'wall'用于防火墙
filters: stat,wall,log4j
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
initialization-mode: always
schema:
- classpath:sql/department.sql
- classpath:sql/employee.sql
5.配置类
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
//配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
return bean;
}
//2、配置一个web监控的filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
return bean;
}
}
5.数据库中配置一些表
在application.yml中进行配置
schema:
- classpath:sql/department.sql
- classpath:sq/employee.sql
6.运行查看数据库表是否被创建、查看 druid页面是否可以登录
7.创建对应的bean
8.注解配置
创建mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
@Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
@Delete("delect from department where id=#{id}")
public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
@Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
public int insertDept(Department department);
@Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
public int updateDept(Department department);
}
9.编写controller测试
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
DepartmentMapper departmentMapper;
@GetMapping("/dept/{id}")
public Department getDepartment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return departmentMapper.getDeptById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept")
public Department insertDept(Department department) {
departmentMapper.insertDept(department);
return department;
}
}
10.配置pom.xml文件
<dependency>
<groupId>log4jgroupId>
<artifactId>log4jartifactId>
<version>1.2.17version>
dependency>
11.运行测试
12.开启数据库查询语句到bean的驼峰命名映射配置类
@Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
return new ConfigurationCustomizer() {
@Override
public void customize(org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration) {
configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
}
};
}
}
13.如果某个包下面不标注mapper注解，可以在启动类上添加图下配置：
@MapperScan(value="com.atguigu.springboot.mapper")
5.整合mybatis–配置文件方式
1.配置接口
@Mapper
public interface EmployeeMapper {
public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);
public void insertEmp(Employee employee);
}
2.配置目录resources/mybatis/mapper下的xml文件
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springbootmybatis.mapper.EmployeeMapper">
<select id="getEmpById" resultType="com.atguigu.springbootmybatis.bean.Employee">
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id=#{id}
select>
<insert id="insertEmp">
INSERT INTO employee(lastName,email,gender,d_id) VALUES (#{lastName},#{email},#{gender},#{dId})
insert>
mapper>
3.配置yml文件
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
4.测试
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;
@GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
public Employee getEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
}
}
5.可在配置文件mybatis/mybatis-config.xml中配置驼峰命名,上题中注解配置的方式无效
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
settings>
configuration>
另一种配置方式，切换环境方式
配置文件application.yml的配置如下：
spring:
profiles:
active: test
application-test.yml的配置如下：
spring:
datasource:
#141
master:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.141:3306/skpathcenterdatabase?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=TRUE
username: XXX
password: XXX
slaver:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.141:3306/skpathcenterdatabase?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=TRUE
username: XXX
password: XXX
backups:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.141:3306/skpathcenterdatabase?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=TRUE
username: XXX
password: XXX
配置类信息如下：
@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.changdao.skpathcenterapi.mapper.backups", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "backupsSqlSessionTemplate")
public class BackupsDataSourceConfiguration {
@Value("${spring.datasource.backups.driver-class-name}")
private String driverClassName;
@Value("${spring.datasource.backups.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${spring.datasource.backups.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.datasource.backups.password}")
private String password;
@Bean(name = "backupsDataSource")
public DataSource dataSource() {
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(this.driverClassName);
dataSource.setUrl(this.url);
dataSource.setUsername(this.username);
dataSource.setPassword(this.password);
return dataSource;
}
@Bean(name = "backupsSqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("backupsDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mybatis/backups/*.xml"));
return bean.getObject();
}
@Bean(name = "backupsTransactionManager")
public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(@Qualifier("backupsDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
}
@Bean(name = "backupsSqlSessionTemplate")
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("backupsSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
}
}
6.Spring Data
SpringData为我们提供使用统一的API来对数据访问层进行操作；这主要是Spring Data Commons项目来实现的。Spring Data Commons让我们在使用关系型或者非关系型数据访问技术时都基于Spring提供的统一标准，标准包含了CRUD（创建、获取、更新、删除）、查询、排序和分页的相关操作。
2、统一的Repository接口
Repository
RevisionRepository
CrudRepository
PagingAndSortingRepository
3.提供数据访问模板类 xxxTemplate；
如：MongoTemplate、RedisTemplate等
7.整合jpa来操作数据库
file->new->project
选中web、jdbc、jpa、mysql
1.对配置文件application.yml进行配置
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: stoneSml@123
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=TRUE
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
2.创建实体类，并放上相应的注解
@Entity//告诉JPA这是一个实体类
@Table(name="tb1_user")//指定是哪个表,如果省略默认表名是usr
public class User {
@Id //这是一个主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
private String lastName;
@Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
private String email;
//省略get和set
}
//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}
4.配置application.yml文件
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: stoneSml@123
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=TRUE
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
hibernate:
# 更新或者创建数据表结构
ddl-auto: update
# 控制台显示SQL
show-sql: true
5.运行测试类
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
User user = userRepository.findOne(id);
return user;
}
@GetMapping("/user")
public User insertUser(User user){
User save = userRepository.save(user);
return save;
}
}