PAT甲级（1057）：Stack

树状数组参考链接很详细：树状数组详解

#include 
#include 
#define lowbit(i) ((i) & (-i))
const int maxn = 100010;
using namespace std;
int c[maxn];
stack<int> s;
void update(int x, int v) {
    for(int i = x; i < maxn; i += lowbit(i))
        c[i] += v;
}
int getsum(int x) {
    int sum = 0;
    for(int i = x; i >= 1; i -= lowbit(i))
        sum += c[i];
    return sum;
}
void PeekMedian() {
    int left = 1, right = maxn, mid, k = (s.size() + 1) / 2;
    while(left < right) {
        mid = (left + right) / 2;
        if(getsum(mid) >= k)
            right = mid;
        else
            left = mid + 1;
    }
    printf("%d\n", left);
}
int main() {
    int n, temp;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    char str[15];
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%s", str);
        if(str[1] == 'u') {
            scanf("%d", &temp);
            s.push(temp);
            update(temp, 1);
        } else if(str[1] == 'o') {
            if(!s.empty()) {
                update(s.top(), -1);
                printf("%d\n", s.top());
                s.pop();
            } else {
                printf("Invalid\n");
            }
        } else {
            if(!s.empty())
                PeekMedian();
            else
                printf("Invalid\n");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}