JNI (Java Native Interface)

Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface

The Java Native Interface (JNI) is a programming framework that enables Java code running in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to call and be called by native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages such as C, C++ and assembly.

Design

In the JNI framework, native functions are implemented in separate .c or .cpp files. (C++ provides a slightly simpler interface with JNI.) When the JVM invokes the function, it passes a JNIEnv pointer, a jobject pointer, and any Java arguments declared by the Java method. For example, the following converts a Java string to a native string:

extern "C"
JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_ClassName_MethodName
  (JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jstring javaString)
{
    const char *nativeString = env->GetStringUTFChars(javaString, 0);

    //Do something with the nativeString

    env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(javaString, nativeString);
}

Android JNI 使用的数据结构JNINativeMethod详解

原文链接: http://blog.csdn.net/bigapple88/article/details/6756204

Andoird 中使用了一种不同传统Java JNI的方式来定义其native的函数。其中很重要的区别是Andorid使用了一种Java 和 C 函数的映射表数组,并在其中描述了函数的参数和返回值。这个数组的类型是JNINativeMethod,定义如下:

typedef struct {
const char* name;
const char* signature;
void* fnPtr;
} JNINativeMethod;

第一个变量name是Java中函数的名字。

第二个变量signature,用字符串是描述了函数的参数和返回值

第三个变量fnPtr是函数指针,指向C函数。

其中比较难以理解的是第二个参数,例如

"()V"

"(II)V"

"(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V"

实际上这些字符是与函数的参数类型一一对应的。

"()" 中的字符表示参数,后面的则代表返回值。例如"()V" 就表示void Func();

"(II)V" 表示 void Func(int, int);

具体的每一个字符的对应关系如下

字符 Java类型 C类型

V void void
Z jboolean boolean
I jint int
J jlong long
D jdouble double
F jfloat float
B jbyte byte
C jchar char
S jshort short

数组则以"["开始,用两个字符表示

[I jintArray int[]
[F jfloatArray float[]
[B jbyteArray byte[]
[C jcharArray char[]
[S jshortArray short[]
[D jdoubleArray double[]
[J jlongArray long[]
[Z jbooleanArray boolean[]

上面的都是基本类型。如果Java函数的参数是class,则以"L"开头,以";"结尾中间是用"/" 隔开的包及类名。而其对应的C函数名的参数则为jobject. 一个例外是String类,其对应的类为jstring

Ljava/lang/String; String jstring
Ljava/net/Socket; Socket jobject

如果JAVA函数位于一个嵌入类,则用$作为类名间的分隔符。

例如 "(Ljava/lang/String;Landroid/os/FileUtils$FileStatus;)Z"

下边是我在做串口通信时的代码:

static const char *classPathName = "android/serialport/SerialPort";  
  
//注意Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;最后的分号,刚开始做时漏了这个分号,查了两天时间,汗  
  
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {  
  
  {"open", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", (void*)android_serialport_SerialPort_open },  
  
  {"close", "()V", (void*)android_serialport_SerialPort_close },  
  
};  
  
  
/* 
 
 * Register several native methods for one class. 
 
 */  
  
static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env, const char* className,  
    JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)  
{  
    jclass clazz;  
  
    clazz = (*env)->FindClass(env, className);  
    if (clazz == NULL)  
        return JNI_FALSE;  
  
    if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, clazz, gMethods, numMethods) < 0)  
    {  
    LOGE("register nativers error");  
        return JNI_FALSE;  
    }  
  
    return JNI_TRUE;  
}  
  
  
  
/* 
 
 * Register native methods for all classes we know about. 
 
 * 
 
 * returns JNI_TRUE on success. 
 
 */  
  
static int registerNatives(JNIEnv* env)  
  
{  
  
  if (!registerNativeMethods(env, classPathName,  
  
                 methods, sizeof(methods) / sizeof(methods[0]))) {  
  
    return JNI_FALSE;  
  
  }  
  
  return JNI_TRUE;  
  
}  
  
/* 
 
 * This is called by the VM when the shared library is first loaded. 
 
 */  
  
jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved)  
{  
    JNIEnv* env = NULL;  
    jint result = -1;  
  
    LOGI("Entering JNI_OnLoad\n");  
  
    if ((*vm)->GetEnv(vm, (void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)  
        goto bail;  
  
    assert(env != NULL);  
  
    if (!registerNatives(env))  
        goto bail;  
  
    /* success -- return valid version number */  
    result = JNI_VERSION_1_4;  
  
bail:  
    LOGI("Leaving JNI_OnLoad (result=0x%x)\n", result);  
    return result;  
}  

android_serialport_SeriaPort_open的函数原型为:
static jobject android_serialport_SerialPort_open(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate);

static void android_serialport_SerialPort_close(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz);

另外还要注意一点,如果是C++,使用的是env, 如果是C,使用的是(*env),最好参考相应系统中的代码来写。

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