python3实现微信公众平台（公众号和企业微信）消息被动回复以及加解密
微信公众平台消息加密被动回复以及加解密，官方提供的是python2示例代码：
微信公众号：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1434696670
企业微信：https://github.com/sbzhu/weworkapi_python/tree/master/callback
现将上述代码修改成python3版本，且支持中文编码消息：
一、微信公众号：
WXBizMsgCrypt.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
"""
python3对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密代码.支持中文.
"""
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
import base64
import string
import random
import hashlib
import time
import struct
import binascii
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import socket
from wx_encry import ierror
""" AES加解密用 pycrypto """
class FormatException(Exception):
pass
def throw_exception(message, exception_class=FormatException):
"""my define raise exception function"""
raise exception_class(message)
class SHA1:
"""计算公众平台的消息签名接口"""
def getSHA1(self, token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt):
"""用SHA1算法生成安全签名
@param token: 票据
@param timestamp: 时间戳
@param encrypt: 密文
@param nonce: 随机字符串
@return: 安全签名
"""
try:
token = token.decode()
sortlist = [token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt]
sortlist.sort()
sha = hashlib.sha1()
sha.update("".join(sortlist).encode("utf8"))
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, sha.hexdigest()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error, None
class XMLParse(object):
"""提供提取消息格式中的密文及生成回复消息格式的接口"""
# xml消息模板
AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE = """
%(timestamp)s
"""
def extract(self, xmltext):
"""提取出xml数据包中的加密消息
@param xmltext: 待提取的xml字符串
@return: 提取出的加密消息字符串
"""
try:
xml_tree = ET.fromstring(xmltext)
encrypt = xml_tree.find("Encrypt")
touser_name = xml_tree.find("ToUserName")
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, encrypt.text, touser_name.text
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error, None, None
def generate(self, encrypt, signature, timestamp, nonce):
"""生成xml消息
@param encrypt: 加密后的消息密文
@param signature: 安全签名
@param timestamp: 时间戳
@param nonce: 随机字符串
@return: 生成的xml字符串
"""
resp_dict = {
'msg_encrypt': encrypt,
'msg_signaturet': signature,
'timestamp': timestamp,
'nonce': nonce,
}
resp_xml = self.AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE % resp_dict
return resp_xml
class PKCS7Encoder(object):
"""提供基于PKCS7算法的加解密接口"""
block_size = 32
def encode(self, text):
""" 对需要加密的明文进行填充补位
@param text: 需要进行填充补位操作的明文
@return: 补齐明文字符串
"""
text_length = len(text)
# 计算需要填充的位数
amount_to_pad = self.block_size - (text_length % self.block_size)
if amount_to_pad == 0:
amount_to_pad = self.block_size
# 获得补位所用的字符
pad = chr(amount_to_pad).encode()
return text + pad * amount_to_pad
def decode(self, decrypted):
"""删除解密后明文的补位字符
@param decrypted: 解密后的明文
@return: 删除补位字符后的明文
"""
pad = ord(decrypted[-1])
if pad < 1 or pad > 32:
pad = 0
return decrypted[:-pad]
class Prpcrypt(object):
"""提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口"""
def __init__(self, key):
# self.key = base64.b64decode(key+"=")
self.key = key
# 设置加解密模式为AES的CBC模式
self.mode = AES.MODE_CBC
def encrypt(self, text, appid):
"""对明文进行加密
@param text: 需要加密的明文
@return: 加密得到的字符串
"""
# 16位随机字符串添加到明文开头
len_str = struct.pack("I", socket.htonl(len(text.encode())))
# text = self.get_random_str() + binascii.b2a_hex(len_str).decode() + text + appid
text = self.get_random_str() + len_str + text.encode() + appid
# 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
text = pkcs7.encode(text)
# 加密
cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
try:
ciphertext = cryptor.encrypt(text)
# 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, base64.b64encode(ciphertext).decode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error, None
def decrypt(self, text, appid):
"""对解密后的明文进行补位删除
@param text: 密文
@return: 删除填充补位后的明文
"""
try:
cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
# 使用BASE64对密文进行解码，然后AES-CBC解密
plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(text))
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error, None
try:
# pad = ord(plain_text[-1])
pad = plain_text[-1]
# 去掉补位字符串
# pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
# plain_text = pkcs7.encode(plain_text)
# 去除16位随机字符串
content = plain_text[16:-pad]
xml_len = socket.ntohl(struct.unpack("I", content[: 4])[0])
xml_content = content[4: xml_len + 4]
from_appid = content[xml_len + 4:]
except Exception as e:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalBuffer, None
if from_appid != appid:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateAppid_Error, None
return 0, xml_content.decode()
def get_random_str(self):
""" 随机生成16位字符串
@return: 16位字符串
"""
rule = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
str = random.sample(rule, 16)
return "".join(str).encode()
class WXBizMsgCrypt(object):
# 构造函数
# @param sToken: 公众平台上，开发者设置的Token
# @param sEncodingAESKey: 公众平台上，开发者设置的EncodingAESKey
# @param sAppId: 企业号的AppId
def __init__(self, sToken, sEncodingAESKey, sAppId):
try:
self.key = base64.b64decode(sEncodingAESKey + "=")
assert len(self.key) == 32
except Exception:
throw_exception("[error]: EncodingAESKey unvalid !", FormatException)
# return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey)
self.token = sToken.encode()
self.appid = sAppId.encode()
def EncryptMsg(self, sReplyMsg, sNonce, timestamp=None):
# 将公众号回复用户的消息加密打包
# @param sReplyMsg: 企业号待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串
# @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp,如为None则自动用当前时间
# @param sNonce: 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce
# sEncryptMsg: 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串,
# return：成功0，sEncryptMsg,失败返回对应的错误码None
pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
ret, encrypt = pc.encrypt(sReplyMsg, self.appid)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
if timestamp is None:
timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
# 生成安全签名
sha1 = SHA1()
ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.token, timestamp, sNonce, encrypt)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
xmlParse = XMLParse()
return ret, xmlParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timestamp, sNonce)
def DecryptMsg(self, sPostData, sMsgSignature, sTimeStamp, sNonce):
# 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文
# @param sMsgSignature: 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
# @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
# @param sNonce: 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
# @param sPostData: 密文，对应POST请求的数据
# xml_content: 解密后的原文，当return返回0时有效
# @return: 成功0，失败返回对应的错误码
# 验证安全签名
xmlParse = XMLParse()
ret, encrypt, touser_name = xmlParse.extract(sPostData)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
sha1 = SHA1()
ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.token, sTimeStamp, sNonce, encrypt)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
if not signature == sMsgSignature:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error, None
pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
ret, xml_content = pc.decrypt(encrypt, self.appid)
return ret, xml_content
二、现主要针对企业微信的使用做说明：
WXBizMsgCrypt.py代码与上述公众号的大致相同，有些许基于企业微信的参数改动：
""" python3对企业微信发送给企业后台的消息加解密,支持中文
"""
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
import base64
import string
import random
import hashlib
import time
import struct
import binascii
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import socket
from .ierror import ierror
"""
关于Crypto.Cipher模块，ImportError: No module named 'Crypto'解决方案
请到官方网站 https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/ 下载pycrypto。
下载后，按照README中的“Installation”小节的提示进行pycrypto安装。
"""
class FormatException(Exception):
pass
def throw_exception(message, exception_class=FormatException):
"""my define raise exception function"""
raise exception_class(message)
class SHA1:
"""计算企业微信的消息签名接口"""
def getSHA1(self, token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt):
"""用SHA1算法生成安全签名
@param token: 票据
@param timestamp: 时间戳
@param encrypt: 密文
@param nonce: 随机字符串
@return: 安全签名
"""
try:
sortlist = [token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt]
sortlist.sort()
sha = hashlib.sha1()
sha.update(("".join(sortlist)).encode('utf8')) # python3
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, sha.hexdigest()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error, None
class XMLParse:
"""提供提取消息格式中的密文及生成回复消息格式的接口"""
# xml消息模板
AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE = """
%(timestamp)s
"""
def extract(self, xmltext):
"""提取出xml数据包中的加密消息
@param xmltext: 待提取的xml字符串
@return: 提取出的加密消息字符串
"""
try:
xml_tree = ET.fromstring(xmltext)
encrypt = xml_tree.find("Encrypt")
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, encrypt.text
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error, None, None
def generate(self, encrypt, signature, timestamp, nonce):
"""生成xml消息
@param encrypt: 加密后的消息密文
@param signature: 安全签名
@param timestamp: 时间戳
@param nonce: 随机字符串
@return: 生成的xml字符串
"""
resp_dict = {
'msg_encrypt': encrypt,
'msg_signaturet': signature,
'timestamp': timestamp,
'nonce': nonce,
}
resp_xml = self.AES_TEXT_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE % resp_dict
return resp_xml
class PKCS7Encoder():
"""提供基于PKCS7算法的加解密接口"""
block_size = 32
def encode(self, text):
""" 对需要加密的明文进行填充补位
@param text: 需要进行填充补位操作的明文
@return: 补齐明文字符串
"""
text_length = len(text)
# 计算需要填充的位数
amount_to_pad = self.block_size - (text_length % self.block_size)
if amount_to_pad == 0:
amount_to_pad = self.block_size
# 获得补位所用的字符
pad = chr(amount_to_pad).encode()
return text + pad * amount_to_pad
def decode(self, decrypted):
"""删除解密后明文的补位字符
@param decrypted: 解密后的明文
@return: 删除补位字符后的明文
"""
pad = ord(decrypted[-1])
if pad < 1 or pad > 32:
pad = 0
return decrypted[:-pad]
class Prpcrypt(object):
"""提供接收和推送给企业微信消息的加解密接口"""
def __init__(self, key):
# self.key = base64.b64decode(key+"=")
self.key = key
# 设置加解密模式为AES的CBC模式
self.mode = AES.MODE_CBC
def encrypt(self, text, receiveid):
"""对明文进行加密
@param text: 需要加密的明文
@return: 加密得到的字符串
"""
# 16位随机字符串添加到明文开头
len_str = struct.pack("I", socket.htonl(len(text.encode())))
# text = self.get_random_str() + struct.pack("I", socket.htonl(len(text))) + text + receiveid
text = self.get_random_str() + len_str + text.encode() + receiveid.encode()
# 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
text = pkcs7.encode(text)
# 加密
cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
try:
ciphertext = cryptor.encrypt(text)
# 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_OK, base64.b64encode(ciphertext).decode('utf8')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error, None
def decrypt(self, text, receiveid):
"""对解密后的明文进行补位删除
@param text: 密文
@return: 删除填充补位后的明文
"""
try:
cryptor = AES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key[:16])
# 使用BASE64对密文进行解码，然后AES-CBC解密
# plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(text)) # python2
plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(text)).decode('utf-8') # python3
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error, None
try:
pad = ord(plain_text[-1])
# 去掉补位字符串
# pkcs7 = PKCS7Encoder()
# plain_text = pkcs7.encode(plain_text)
# 去除16位随机字符串
content = plain_text[16:-pad].encode('utf-8')
xml_len = socket.ntohl(struct.unpack("I", content[: 4])[0])
xml_content = content[4: xml_len + 4]
from_receiveid = content[xml_len + 4:].decode()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalBuffer, None
if from_receiveid != receiveid:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateCorpid_Error, None
return 0, xml_content.decode()
def get_random_str(self):
""" 随机生成16位字符串
@return: 16位字符串
"""
# rule = string.letters + string.digits # python2
rule = string.ascii_letters + string.digits # python3
str = random.sample(rule, 16)
return "".join(str).encode()
class WXBizMsgCrypt(object):
# 构造函数
def __init__(self, sToken, sEncodingAESKey, sReceiveId):
try:
self.key = base64.b64decode(sEncodingAESKey + "=")
assert len(self.key) == 32
except:
throw_exception("[error]: EncodingAESKey unvalid !", FormatException)
# return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey,None
self.m_sToken = sToken
self.m_sReceiveId = sReceiveId
# 验证URL
# @param sMsgSignature: 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
# @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
# @param sNonce: 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
# @param sEchoStr: 随机串，对应URL参数的echostr
# @param sReplyEchoStr: 解密之后的echostr，当return返回0时有效
# @return：成功0，失败返回对应的错误码
def VerifyURL(self, sMsgSignature, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sEchoStr):
sha1 = SHA1()
ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sEchoStr)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
if not signature == sMsgSignature:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error, None
pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
ret, sReplyEchoStr = pc.decrypt(sEchoStr, self.m_sReceiveId)
return ret, sReplyEchoStr
def EncryptMsg(self, sReplyMsg, sNonce, timestamp=None):
# 将企业回复用户的消息加密打包
# @param sReplyMsg: 企业号待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串
# @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp,如为None则自动用当前时间
# @param sNonce: 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce
# sEncryptMsg: 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串,
# return：成功0，sEncryptMsg,失败返回对应的错误码None
pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
ret, encrypt = pc.encrypt(sReplyMsg, self.m_sReceiveId)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
if timestamp is None:
timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
# 生成安全签名
sha1 = SHA1()
ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.m_sToken, timestamp, sNonce, encrypt)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
xmlParse = XMLParse()
return ret, xmlParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timestamp, sNonce)
def DecryptMsg(self, sPostData, sMsgSignature, sTimeStamp, sNonce):
# 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文
# @param sMsgSignature: 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
# @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
# @param sNonce: 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
# @param sPostData: 密文，对应POST请求的数据
# xml_content: 解密后的原文，当return返回0时有效
# @return: 成功0，失败返回对应的错误码
# 验证安全签名
xmlParse = XMLParse()
ret, encrypt = xmlParse.extract(sPostData)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
sha1 = SHA1()
ret, signature = sha1.getSHA1(self.m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, encrypt)
if ret != 0:
return ret, None
if not signature == sMsgSignature:
return ierror.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error, None
pc = Prpcrypt(self.key)
ret, xml_content = pc.decrypt(encrypt, self.m_sReceiveId)
return ret, xml_content
完整的消息被动回复以及加解密项目包下载：
https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_41762173/11107750