手动安装gcc-4.6

手动安装gcc-4.6

1.下载所需的gcc版本（4.6）

链接: gcc 中国下载镜像，选择安装的gcc版本（4.6），下载安装包gcc-4.6.4.tar.gz

2. 解压缩安装包

3. 下载编译所需的依赖包

$ ./contrib/download_prerequisites

（在gcc-4.6.4 文件夹下）

4. 编译

1. 创建gcc-build文件夹，存放编译结果。（单独存放在另外一个目录中，不能是源目录的子目录）
2. 配置configure

$ ../gcc-4.6.4/configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib

（在gcc-build文件夹下）
这个过程中出现了问题：

msgfmt: /home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.55)
Makefile:451: recipe for target 'de.mo' failed
make[4]: *** [de.mo] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory '/home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/po'
Makefile:469: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3'
Makefile:377: recipe for target 'all' failed
make[2]: *** [all] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3'
Makefile:16876: recipe for target 'all-target-libstdc++-v3' failed
make[1]: *** [all-target-libstdc++-v3] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4'
Makefile:898: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

解决方法如下：

//确认该地址中 CXXABI_1.3.8 真的不存在
$ strings /home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6 | grep CXXABI
CXXABI_1.3
CXXABI_1.3.1
CXXABI_1.3.2
CXXABI_1.3.3
CXXABI_1.3.4
CXXABI_1.3.5
CXXABI_1.3
CXXABI_1.3.2
CXXABI_1.3.1
CXXABI_1.3.5
CXXABI_1.3.4
CXXABI_1.3.3
//查看系统中是否存在
$ strings /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 | grep CXXABI
CXXABI_1.3
CXXABI_1.3.1
CXXABI_1.3.2
CXXABI_1.3.3
CXXABI_1.3.4
CXXABI_1.3.5
CXXABI_1.3.6
CXXABI_1.3.7
CXXABI_1.3.8
CXXABI_1.3.9
CXXABI_TM_1
CXXABI_FLOAT128
//发现系统中存在
$ ln -sf /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /home/xx/XX/Tools/gcc/gcc-build-4.6.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libstdc++-v3/src/.libs/libstdc++.so.6

3. 编译及安装

$ make & make install

4. 安装后

运行configure命令时，没有指定安装目录，因此上述命令会将gcc到默认位置：/usr/local
可执行文件在/usr/local/bin

$ ls /usr/local/bin
c++  gcc                           x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-g++
cpp  gcov                          x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc
g++  x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-c++  x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc-4.6.4

$ /usr/local/bin/gcc -v
使用内建 specs。
COLLECT_GCC=/usr/local/bin/gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.4/lto-wrapper
目标：x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
配置为：../gcc-4.6.4/configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
线程模型：posix
gcc 版本 4.6.4 (GCC)