Oracle 19c用户(user)、授权(grant)及参数(parameter)应用详解

1.用户创建
1)全局用户
CBD$ROOT中创建用户默认container=all,且只能创建全局用户(必须以c##开头),该全局用户在CDB$ROOT和所有PDBs中都会被创建,但PDBs中的该全局用户必须另外授权才能访问PDBs中的资源。
PDBs中默认且也只能创建本地用户(一定不能以c##开头)。
[oracle@rac19c1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> 

SQL> create user c##usr1 identified by usr1;
User created.

SQL> create user c##usr2 identified by usr2 container=all;
User created.

SQL> colu username for a30
SQL> select username,con_id,user_id from cdb_users where username like 'C##USR%'; 
USERNAME                           CON_ID    USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
C##USR1                                 1        106
C##USR2                                 1        107
C##USR1                                 3        107
C##USR2                                 3        109

2)本地用户
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.

SQL> create user usr3 identified by usr3;
User created.

SQL> create user usr4 identified by usr4 container=current;
User created.

SQL> select username,con_id,user_id from cdb_users where username like 'USR%';

USERNAME                           CON_ID    USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
USR4                                    3        111
USR3                                    3        110

2.用户授权
默认情况下,只会给当前container下用户授权。CDB$ROOT中,也可指定container=all,从而对所有打开的PDBs中存在的该用户进行授权。
[oracle@rac19c1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> grant connect to c##usr1;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> colu grantee for a30
SQL> select grantee,con_id from cdb_role_privs where granted_role='CONNECT' and GRANTEE='C##USR1';

GRANTEE                            CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##USR1                                 1

SQL> grant resource to c##usr1 container=all;
Grant succeeded.

SQL> select grantee,con_id from cdb_role_privs where granted_role='RESOURCE' and GRANTEE='C##USR1';
GRANTEE                            CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##USR1                                 1
C##USR1                                 3

3.参数修改
CDB$ROOT中修改参数,PDBs会继承该参数值;PDB中进行参数修改,会覆盖掉其从CDB$ROOT继承的该参数的值。
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=800;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cur
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     800
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.

SQL> 
SQL> show parameter open_cur
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     800
SQL> 

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=1000;
System altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cur
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     1000

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show parameter open_cur
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     800

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