参考python核心编程
编写一个用户洗牌的脚本,根据用户输入,选择连接sqlserver或者MySQL,创建数据库、表,随机生成数据,并实现增删改查。
其中,为了兼容python2和python3,统一了打印函数、录入函数、动态导包等
一些字段声明为全局变量,这样我们在后续的学习中,可以引用这些变量和函数。
ushuffle.py:
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#python 3.6
#统一输出函数,使用distutils.log.warn()函数代替版本2中的print语句和版本3中的print函数
from distutils.log import warn as printf
from random import randrange
#检测内置函数中是否包括raw_input(),如果存在说明版本是2(或者1),不存在说明是3。这样的话,无论是哪个版本,最终scanf函数表示了该功能
if isinstance(builtins,dict) and ‘raw_input’ in builtins:
scanf = raw_input
elif hasattr(builtins,‘raw_input’):
scanf = raw_input
else:
scanf = input
FIELDS = (‘login’,‘userid’,‘projid’)
COLSIZ = 10
RDBMSs = {‘s’:‘sql server’,‘m’:‘mysql’}
DBNAME = ‘test’
DB_EXC = None
DBUSER = ‘root’
DBSERVER = ‘127.0.0.1’
NAMELEN = 10
tformat = lambda s: str(s).title().ljust(COLSIZ)#str().title()将单词首字母大写;ljust()左对齐,并使用空格填充直至达到指定长度
cformat = lambda s: s.upper().ljust(COLSIZ) #
def setup():
return RDBMSs[scanf(’’’
请选择数据库类型:
(Sql) Server
(M)ySQL
请键入:''').strip().lower()[0]]
def connect(db,DBNAME):
global DB_EXC
dbDir = ‘%s_%s’ % (db,DBNAME)
if db == ‘mysql’:
try:
#python3.0以前的版本
import MySQLdb
import _mysql_exceptions as DB_EXC
try:
cxn = MySQLdb.connect(user = DBUSER,password = ‘Jwxjs123456’,db=DBNAME)
except DB_EXC.OperationalError:
try:
cxn = MySQLdb.connect(user = DBUSER,password = ‘Jwxjs123456’,db=DBNAME)
cxn.query(‘create database %s’ % DBNAME)
cxn.commit()
cxn.close()
cxn = MySQLdb.connect(db=DBNAME)
except DB_EXC.OperationalError:
return None
except ModuleNotFoundError: #ImportError
try:
#python3.0以上的版本
import pymysql
import pymysql.err as DB_EXC
try:
cxn = pymysql.connect({‘host’:DBSERVER,‘database’:DBNAME,‘user’:DBUSER,‘password’:‘Jwxjs123456’})
except DB_EXC.InternalError:
#连接成功但是没有指定的数据库
cxn = pymysql.connect({‘host’:DBSERVER,‘user’:DBUSER,‘password’:‘Jwxjs123456’})
cur = cxn.cursor()
cur.execute(‘create database %s;’ % DBNAME)
cxn.commit()
cxn = pymysql.connect({‘host’:DBSERVER,‘database’:DBNAME,‘user’:DBUSER,‘password’:‘Jwxjs123456’})
except ImportError:
return None
elif db == ‘sql server’:
import pymssql
import _mssql
#import pymssql.StandardError as DB_EXC
try:
cxn = pymssql.connect({‘server’:DBSERVER,‘database’:DBNAME,‘password’:‘Jwxjs123456’,‘user’:‘sa’})
printf(’ 成功链接数据库%s’ % DBNAME)
except BaseException:
#这里一定要设置为自动提交模式,否则创建数据库会失败
cxn = pymssql.connect(**{‘server’:DBSERVER,‘password’:‘Jwxjs123456’,‘user’:‘sa’,‘autocommit’:True})
cursor = cxn.cursor()
cxn.commit()
cursor.execute('create database %s;' % DBNAME)
#cxn.close()
cxn = pymssql.connect(**{'server':DBSERVER,'database':DBNAME,'password':'Jwxjs123456','user':'sa','autocommit':True})
printf('数据库%s 不存在,新建该数据库' % DBNAME)
return cxn
def create(cur):
try:
cur.execute(’’’
create table users(login varchar(%s),
userid int,
projid int
)
‘’’ % NAMELEN)
printf(’……………新建users表成功’)
except BaseException:
drop(cur)
create(cur)
printf(’ 已存在表users,删除后并新建此表……………………’)
drop = lambda cur:cur.execute(‘drop table users’)
NAMES =(
(‘arron’,8312),(‘angle’,7603),(‘dane’,7306),
(‘jess’,7912),(‘jim’,7512),(‘larry’,7311),
)
def randName():
pick = set(NAMES)#内置函数set()创建一个无序不重复元素集,可进行关系测试,删除重复数据,还可以计算交集、差集、并集等
while pick:
yield pick.pop()
def insert(cur,db):
cur.executemany(‘insert into users values(%s,%s,%s)’,[(who,uid,randrange(1,5)) for who,uid in randName()])
#返回最后一次操作影响的行数,这里考虑右边对象是不是支持该属性,不支持的话则返回-1
getRC = lambda cur:cur.rowcount if hasattr(cur,‘rowcount’) else -1
def update(cur):
fr = randrange(1,5)
to = randrange(1,5)
cur.execute(‘update users set projid = %s where projid = %s’ % (to,fr))
return fr,to,getRC(cur)
def dbDump(cur):
cur.execute(‘select * from users’)
printf(’\n%s’ % ‘’.join(map(cformat,FIELDS)))
for data in cur.fetchall():
printf(’’.join(map(tformat,data)))#join()将序列中的元素以指定的字符连接生成一个新的字符串。
def delete(cur):
rm = randrange(1,5)
cur.execute(‘delete from users where projid = %s’ % rm)
return rm,getRC(cur)
drop = lambda cur:cur.execute(‘drop table users’)
def main():
#用户选择数据库类型
db = setup()
printf(’\n将要连接到 %s(%s) 数据库’ % (DBNAME,db))
#创建数据库连接
cxn = connect(db,DBNAME)
if not cxn:
printf(’\n 连接数据库%s(%s) 失败,程序退出!!!’ % (DBNAME,db))
return
else:
printf(’\n 成功连接数据库%s(%s) ’ % (DBNAME,db))
cur = cxn.cursor()
printf(’\n 创建 users表……’)
create(cur)
printf('\n*****初始化users表******')
insert(cur,db)
dbDump(cur)
printf('\n ***随机更改projid****')
fr,to,num = update(cur)
printf('\t(%s 个用户被更改了) from (%s) to(%s)' % (num,fr,to))
dbDump(cur)
printf('\n***随机删除某一组数据***')
rm,num = delete(cur)
printf('\t(组%s中共%s个用户被删除了)' % (rm,num))
dbDump(cur)
printf('\n*****删除users表*******')
drop(cur)
if db == 'mysql':
cxn.commit() #sqlserver 的链接已经被设置为自动提交
printf('\n 关闭数据库连接 ')
cxn.close()
if name == ‘main’:
main()
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运行结果如下: