map是java中最常用的数据结构之一,在这篇文中,我将说明如何使用不同类型的maps,比如:HashMap,TreeMap,HashTable和LinkedHashMap。
在java SE 中有4个Map常用的实现,分别是HashMap,TreeMap,HashTable和LinkedHashMap。用一句话来描述这四个实分别是:
HashMap是hash table的一个实现,它中的键值是无序的。
TreeMap是基于红黑树结构的一个实现,它是根据key来排序的。
LinkedHashMap保留了插入的顺序。
HashTabe是同步的,与HashMap相比,它有个同步的开销,因此如果程序是线程安全的,那么HashMap是个不错的选择。
class Dog {
String color;
Dog(String c) {
color = c;
}
public String toString(){
return color + " dog";
}
}
public class TestHashMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap hashMap = new HashMap();
Dog d1 = new Dog("red");
Dog d2 = new Dog("black");
Dog d3 = new Dog("white");
Dog d4 = new Dog("white");
hashMap.put(d1, 10);
hashMap.put(d2, 15);
hashMap.put(d3, 5);
hashMap.put(d4, 20);
//print size
System.out.println(hashMap.size());
//loop HashMap
for (Entry entry : hashMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey().toString() + " - " + entry.getValue());
}
}
}
4
white dog - 5
black dog - 15
red dog - 10
white dog - 20
class Dog {
String color;
Dog(String c) {
color = c;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return ((Dog) o).color.equals(this.color);
}
public int hashCode() {
return color.length();
}
public String toString(){
return color + " dog";
}
}
3
red dog - 10
white dog - 20
black dog - 15
class Dog {
String color;
Dog(String c) {
color = c;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return ((Dog) o).color.equals(this.color);
}
public int hashCode() {
return color.length();
}
public String toString(){
return color + " dog";
}
}
public class TestTreeMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("red");
Dog d2 = new Dog("black");
Dog d3 = new Dog("white");
Dog d4 = new Dog("white");
TreeMap treeMap = new TreeMap();
treeMap.put(d1, 10);
treeMap.put(d2, 15);
treeMap.put(d3, 5);
treeMap.put(d4, 20);
for (Entry entry : treeMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " - " + entry.getValue());
}
}
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: collection.Dog cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable
at java.util.TreeMap.put(Unknown Source)
at collection.TestHashMap.main(TestHashMap.java:35)
class Dog implements Comparable{
String color;
int size;
Dog(String c, int s) {
color = c;
size = s;
}
public String toString(){
return color + " dog";
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Dog o) {
return o.size - this.size;
}
}
public class TestTreeMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("red", 30);
Dog d2 = new Dog("black", 20);
Dog d3 = new Dog("white", 10);
Dog d4 = new Dog("white", 10);
TreeMap treeMap = new TreeMap();
treeMap.put(d1, 10);
treeMap.put(d2, 15);
treeMap.put(d3, 5);
treeMap.put(d4, 20);
for (Entry entry : treeMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " - " + entry.getValue());
}
}
}
red dog - 10
black dog - 15
white dog - 20
white dog - 20
red dog - 10
black dog - 15
white dog - 5
class Dog {
String color;
Dog(String c) {
color = c;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return ((Dog) o).color.equals(this.color);
}
public int hashCode() {
return color.length();
}
public String toString(){
return color + " dog";
}
}
public class TestHashMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog d1 = new Dog("red");
Dog d2 = new Dog("black");
Dog d3 = new Dog("white");
Dog d4 = new Dog("white");
LinkedHashMap linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap();
linkedHashMap.put(d1, 10);
linkedHashMap.put(d2, 15);
linkedHashMap.put(d3, 5);
linkedHashMap.put(d4, 20);
for (Entry entry : linkedHashMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " - " + entry.getValue());
}
}
}
red dog - 10
black dog - 15
white dog - 20
和使用HashMap不同的是,HashMap的插入顺序是没有被保持的。
red dog - 10
white dog - 20
black dog - 15