"%s is %s years old" % ('bob', 23) # 常用
"%s is %d years old" % ('bob', 23) # 常用
"%s is %d years old" % ('bob', 23.5) # %d是整数 常用
"%s is %f years old" % ('bob', 23.5)
"%s is %5.2f years old" % ('bob', 23.5) # %5.2f是宽度为5,2位小数
"97 is %c" % 97
"11 is %#o" % 11 # %#o表示有前缀的8进制
"11 is %#x" % 11
"%10s%5s" % ('name', 'age') # %10s表示总宽度为10,右对齐, 常用
"%10s%5s" % ('bob', 25)
"%10s%5s" % ('alice', 23)
"%-10s%-5s" % ('name', 'age') # %-10s表示左对齐, 常用
"%-10s%-5s" % ('bob', 25)
"%10d" % 123
"%010d" % 123
"{} is {} years old".format('bob', 25)
"{1} is {0} years old".format(25, 'bob')
"{:<10}{:<8}".format('name', 'age')
import shutil
with open('/etc/passwd', 'rb') as sfobj:
with open('/tmp/mima.txt', 'wb') as dfobj:
shutil.copyfileobj(sfobj, dfobj) # 拷贝文件对象
shutil.copyfile('/etc/passwd', '/tmp/mima2.txt')
shutil.copy('/etc/shadow', '/tmp/') # cp /etc/shadow /tmp/
shutil.copy2('/etc/shadow', '/tmp/') # cp -p /etc/shadow /tmp/
shutil.move('/tmp/mima.txt', '/var/tmp/') # mv /tmp/mima.txt /var/tmp/
shutil.copytree('/etc/security', '/tmp/anquan') # cp -r /etc/security /tmp/anquan
shutil.rmtree('/tmp/anquan') # rm -rf /tmp/anquan
# 将mima2.txt的权限设置成与/etc/shadow一样
shutil.copymode('/etc/shadow', '/tmp/mima2.txt')
# 将mima2.txt的元数据设置成与/etc/shadow一样
# 元数据使用stat /etc/shadow查看
shutil.copystat('/etc/shadow', '/tmp/mima2.txt')
shutil.chown('/tmp/mima2.txt', user='zhangsan', group='zhangsan')
import os
def get_fname():
while True:
fname = input('filename: ')
if not os.path.exists(fname):
break
print('%s already exists. Try again' % fname)
return fname
def get_content():
content = []
print('输入数据,输入end结束')
while True:
line = input('> ')
if line == 'end':
break
content.append(line)
return content
def wfile(fname, content):
with open(fname, 'w') as fobj:
fobj.writelines(content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
fname = get_fname()
content = get_content()
content = ['%s\n' % line for line in content]
wfile(fname, content)
alist = [1, 2, 3, 'bob', 'alice']
alist[0] = 10
alist[1:3] = [20, 30]
alist[2:2] = [22, 24, 26, 28]
alist.append(100)
alist.remove(24) # 删除第一个24
alist.index('bob') # 返回下标
blist = alist.copy() # 相当于blist = alist[:]
alist.insert(1, 15) # 向下标为1的位置插入数字15
alist.pop() # 默认弹出最后一项
alist.pop(2) # 弹出下标为2的项目
alist.pop(alist.index('bob'))
alist.sort()
alist.reverse()
alist.count(20) # 统计20在列表中出现的次数
alist.clear() # 清空
alist.append('new')
alist.extend('new')
alist.extend(['hello', 'world', 'hehe'])
import sys
import keyword
import string
first_chs = string.ascii_letters + '_'
all_chs = first_chs + string.digits
def check_id(idt):
if keyword.iskeyword(idt):
return "%s is keyword" % idt
if idt[0] not in first_chs:
return "1st invalid"
for ind, ch in enumerate(idt[1:]):
if ch not in all_chs:
return "char in postion #%s invalid" % (ind + 2)
return "%s is valid" % idt
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(check_id(sys.argv[1])) # python3 checkid.py abc@123
randpass模块见37-生成密码/验证码
import subprocess
import sys
from randpass import gen_pass
def adduser(username, password, fname):
data = """user information:
%s: %s
"""
subprocess.call('useradd %s' % username, shell=True)
subprocess.call(
'echo %s | passwd --stdin %s' % (password, username),
shell=True
)
with open(fname, 'a') as fobj:
fobj.write(data % (username, password))
if __name__ == '__main__':
username = sys.argv[1]
password = gen_pass()
adduser(username, password, '/tmp/user.txt')
# python3 adduser.py john
stack = []
def push_it():
item = input('item to push: ')
stack.append(item)
def pop_it():
if stack:
print("from stack popped %s" % stack.pop())
def view_it():
print(stack)
def show_menu():
cmds = {'0': push_it, '1': pop_it, '2': view_it} # 将函数存入字典
prompt = """(0) push it
(1) pop it
(2) view it
(3) exit
Please input your choice(0/1/2/3): """
while True:
# input()得到字符串,用strip()去除两端空白,再取下标为0的字符
choice = input(prompt).strip()[0]
if choice not in '0123':
print('Invalid input. Try again.')
continue
if choice == '3':
break
cmds[choice]()
if __name__ == '__main__':
show_menu()
import sys
def unix2dos(fname):
dst_fname = fname + '.txt'
with open(fname) as src_fobj:
with open(dst_fname, 'w') as dst_fobj:
for line in src_fobj:
line = line.rstrip() + '\r\n'
dst_fobj.write(line)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unix2dos(sys.argv[1])
\r是回车不换行
import time
length = 19
count = 0
while True:
print('\r%s@%s' % ('#' * count, '#' * (length - count)), end='')
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('\nBye-bye')
break
if count == length:
count = 0
count += 1
adict = dict() # {}
dict(['ab', 'cd'])
bdict = dict([('name', 'bob'),('age', 25)])
{}.fromkeys(['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'wangwu'], 11)
for key in bdict:
print('%s: %s' % (key, bdict[key]))
print("%(name)s: %(age)s" % bdict)
bdict['name'] = 'tom'
bdict['email'] = 'tom@tedu.cn'
del bdict['email']
bdict.pop('age')
bdict.clear()