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一。《STL_
1.
2.如何创建
-创建一个空的set
set set_empty
-创建一个带大于比较器的set,默认是小于比较器lessset> set_greater
-用数组初始化一个set
int array[3]={1,2,3};
set set_array(array,array+3);
-用拷贝构造函数初始化set
set set_1;
set set_2(set_1);
-区间初始化set
set set_1;
set set_2(set_1.begin(),set_1.end())
-自定义比较器
以类为比较器
struct classcmp
{
bool operator()(const int& lhs, const int& rhs)
{
return lhs < rhs ;
}
};
int main(void)
{
set s5
return 0;
}
以函数指针为比较器
bool fncmp(int lhs, int rhs)
{
return lhs < rhs ;
}
int main(void)
{
bool(*fn_pt)(int, int) = fncmp ;
set s1(fn_pt) ;
system("pause") ;
return 0 ;
}
3.如何遍历
-正向遍历
使用while()
int a[3] = {1, 2, 3} ;
set s(a, a + 3) ;
set::const_iterator itor ;
itor = s.begin() ;
while (itor != s.end())
{
cout << *itor << endl ;
++itor ;
}
使用for()
int a[3] = {1, 2, 3} ;
set s(a, a + 3) ;
set::const_iterator itor ;
for (itor = s.begin(); itor != s.end(); ++itor)
{
cout << *itor << endl ;
}
-反向遍历
int a[3] = {1, 2, 3} ;
set s(a, a + 3) ;
set::const_reverse_iterator ritor ;
ritor = s.rbegin() ;
while (ritor != s.rend())
{
cout << *ritor << endl ;
++ritor ;
}
使用for()
int a[3] = {1, 2, 3} ;
set s(a, a + 3) ;
set::const_reverse_iterator ritor ;
for (ritor = s.rbegin(); ritor != s.rend(); ++ritor)
{
cout << *ritor << endl ;
}
4.如何插入
set s;
s.insert(value);
-插入整个数组
int a[3] = {1, 2, 3} ;
set s ;
s.insert(a, a + 3) ;
-插入其他set的值
int a[3] = {1, 2, 3} ;
set s(a, a + 3) ;
set s1 ;
s1.insert(s.begin(), s.end()) ;
5.如何删除
set s ;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
s.insert(i) ;
set::const_iterator citor ;
citor = s.begin() ;
++citor ; // citor now point to 2
// 删除单个元素
s.erase(citor) ; // erase 2 ;
//批量删除
citor = s.find(3) ; // itor now point to 3
s.erase(citor, s.end()) ; // erase 3, 4, 5
//删除所有元素
s.erase(s.begin(), s.end()) ;// erase all elements, same as s.clear()
6.如何查找
-find()
set s ;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
s.insert(i) ;
set::iterator itor ;
itor = s.find(4) ;
if(itor != s.end()) // itor point to s.end() if not found
cout << "found" ;
else
cout << "not found" ;
-count()
set s ;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
s.insert(i) ;
set::iterator itor ;
if(s.count(4) == 1) // return 1 if s contains 4, else 0
cout << "s contains 4" ;
else
cout << "s does not contains 4" ;
C++ STL之Set容器的用法
1 set中的元素类型... 1
2 set中构造相关函数... 2
3 set中的迭代器... 3
4 set中的容量相关函数... 3
5 set中元素修改函数... 3
5.1 insert 函数... 3
5.2 erase 函数... 4
5.3 clear 函数... 5
5.4 swap 函数... 5
5.5 emplace 函数... 5
5.6 emplace_hint函数... 5
6 set 中的比较函数体... 6
6.1 key_com 函数... 6
6.2 value_com函数... 6
7 set的其他操作函数... 7
7.1 find 函数... 7
7.2 count 函数... 8
7.3 lower_bound 函数... 8
7.4 upper_bound函数... 8
7.5 equal_range 函数... 9
7.6 get_allocator 函数... 10
Set容器是一个关联容器,容器中的元素互不相同,并且容器中的元素按照键值大小进行排序。每当插入或者删除一个元素,容器都会重新排序。Set容器有两大特点,一个是元素排序,另一个就是查询速度快(当然没有vector快)。Set获取元素时通过键值,关联容器都这样。Set是通过二元查找树实现的,再具体点就是红黑树。
1 set中的元素类型
member type |
definition |
notes |
key_type |
The first template parameter (T) |
|
value_type |
The first template parameter (T) |
|
key_compare |
The second template parameter (Compare) |
defaults to: less |
value_compare |
The second template parameter (Compare) |
defaults to: less |
allocator_type |
The third template parameter (Alloc) |
defaults to:allocator |
reference |
allocator_type::reference |
for the default allocator:value_type& |
const_reference |
allocator_type::const_reference |
for the default allocator: const value_type& |
pointer |
allocator_type::pointer |
for the default allocator:value_type* |
const_pointer |
allocator_type::const_pointer |
for the default allocator: const value_type* |
iterator |
a bidirectional iterator to value_type |
convertible to const_iterator |
const_iterator |
a bidirectional iterator to const value_type |
|
reverse_iterator |
reverse_iterator |
|
const_reverse_iterator |
reverse_iterator |
|
difference_type |
a signed integral type, identical to:iterator_traits |
usually the same as ptrdiff_t |
size_type |
an unsigned integral type that can represent any non-negative value of difference_type |
usually the same as size_t |
关于这个无需多言,切记set中的iterator是指向const 元素。
2 set中构造相关函数
empty (1) |
explicit set (const key_compare& comp = key_compare(), const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type()); explicit set (const allocator_type& alloc); |
range (2) |
template set (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const key_compare& comp = key_compare(), const allocator_type& = allocator_type()); |
copy (3) |
set (const set& x); set (const set& x, const allocator_type& alloc); |
move (4) |
set (set&& x); set (set&& x, const allocator_type& alloc); |
initializer list (5) |
set (initializer_list const key_compare& comp = key_compare(), const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type()); |
以上分别为默认构造函数,范围构造函数,复制构造函数,移动构造函数,初始化列表构造函数,其中最后两个是C++11中的版本。关于构造函数,不同的编译器可能提供的形式不一样,但是种类都是这几种。
构造函数示例:
#include
#include
boolfncomp (
intlhs,
intrhs) {
returnlhs
struct classcomp {
bool
operator
() (
constint
& lhs,
constint
& rhs)
const
{
returnlhs
};
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> first;
// empty set of ints
int
myints[]= {10,20,30,40,50};
std::set<
int> second (myints,myints+5);
// range
std::set<
int> third (second);
// a copy of second
std::set<
int> fourth (second.begin(), second.end());
//iterator ctor.
std::set<
int,classcomp> fifth;
// class as Compare
bool
(*fn_pt)(
int,
int) = fncomp;
std::set<
int,
bool(*)(
int,
int)> sixth (fn_pt);
// function pointer as Compare
return
0;
}
3 set中的迭代器
begin Return iterator to beginning (publicmember function )
end Returniterator to end (public memberfunction )
rbegin Returnreverse iterator to reverse beginning (publicmember function )
rend Returnreverse iterator to reverse end (public memberfunction )
cbegin Returnconst_iterator to beginning (publicmember function )
cend Returnconst_iterator to end (publicmember function )
crbegin Returnconst_reverse_iterator to reverse beginning (public member function )
crend Returnconst_reverse_iterator to reverse end (publicmember function )
关于迭代器也没什么好说的,迭代器和前面的都一样。
4 set中的容量相关函数
empty Test whether container is empty (public member function )
size Return container size (public member function )
max_size Returnmaximum size (public member function )
这个和其它容量一样。
5 set中元素修改函数
insert Insert element (public memberfunction )
erase Erase elements (public memberfunction )
swap Swapcontent (public member function )
clear Clearcontent (public member function )
emplace Constructand insert element (publicmember function )
emplace_hint Constructand insert element with hint (publicmember function )
5.1 insert 函数
single element (1) |
pair pair |
with hint (2) |
iterator insert (const_iterator position, const value_type& val); iterator insert (const_iterator position, value_type&& val); |
range (3) |
template void insert (InputIterator first, InputIterator last); |
initializer list (4) |
void insert (initializer_list |
要注意其中的函数的返回类型,这个在编程中或许会很有用,两种不同的颜色来区分C++11中增加的函数,示例如下:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
std::set<
int>::iterator it;
std::pairint>::iterator,
bool> ret;
// set some initial values:
for
(
inti=1; i<=5; ++i) myset.insert(i*10);
// set: 10 20 30 40 50
ret = myset.insert(20);
// no new element inserted
if
(ret.second==
false) it=ret.first;
// "it" now points to element 20
myset.insert (it,25);
// max efficiency inserting
myset.insert (it,24);
// max efficiency inserting
myset.insert (it,26);
// no max efficiency inserting
int
myints[]= {5,10,15};
// 10 already in set, not inserted
myset.insert (myints,myints+3);
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
for
(it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
std::cout <<
' '<< *it;
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: 5 10 15 20 24 25 26 30 40 50
5.2 erase 函数
(1) |
void erase (iterator position); |
(2) |
size_type erase (const value_type& val); |
(3) |
void erase (iterator first, iterator last); |
(1) |
iterator erase (const_iterator position); |
(2) |
size_type erase (const value_type& val); |
(3) |
iterator erase (const_iterator first, const_iterator last); |
红色表格表示C++98,蓝色表示C++11。函数的返回值,其中第二个函数表示删除的元素的个数,当然在set中其返回值最多是1,在C++11中,其余两个函数皆有返回值为iterator类型的值,其指向删除的最后一个元素,或者指向set的末尾。示例如下:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
std::set<
int>::iterator it;
// insert some values:
for
(
inti=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10);
// 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
it = myset.begin();
++it;
// "it" points now to 20
myset.erase (it);
myset.erase (40);
it = myset.find (60);
myset.erase (it, myset.end());
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
for
(it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
std::cout <<
' '<< *it;
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: 10 30 50
5.3 clear 函数
void clear();
清空set,容器大小变为0
5.4 swap 函数
void swap (set& x);
交换两个set的内容
5.5 emplace 函数
template
pairemplace (Args&&... args);
这个是C++11中的函数,也是插入一个元素
5.6 emplace_hint 函数
template
iterator emplace_hint (const_iterator position, Args&&... args);
在一定的位置插入元素,position参数只是用来提高插入的速度,并不一定就是说要在此处插入元素。示例
#include
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set myset;
auto
it = myset.cbegin();
myset.emplace_hint (it,
"alpha");
it = myset.emplace_hint (myset.cend(),
"omega");
it = myset.emplace_hint (it,
"epsilon");
it = myset.emplace_hint (it,
"beta");
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
for
(
conststd::string& x: myset)
std::cout <<
' '<< x;
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: alpha beta epsilon omega
6 set 中的比较函数体
key_comp Returncomparison object (public member function )
value_comp Returncomparison object (public member function )
这两个函数都是获取set容器中比较函数
6.1 key_com 函数
key_compare key_comp() const;
函数返回比较函数对象,默认的是升序排列。示例:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
int
highest;
std::set<
int>::key_compare mycomp = myset.key_comp();
for
(
inti=0; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i);
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
highest=*myset.rbegin();
std::set<
int>::iterator it=myset.begin();
do
{
std::cout <<
' '<< *it;
}
while( mycomp(*(++it),highest) );
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: 0 1 2 3 4
6.2 value_com 函数
value_compare value_comp()const
函数返回元素比较函数对象,默认的是升序排列,在set中,value_comp函数和key_value函数的作用一模一样。示例:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
std::set<
int>::value_compare mycomp = myset.value_comp();
for
(
inti=0; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i);
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
int
highest=*myset.rbegin();
std::set<
int>::iterator it=myset.begin();
do
{
std::cout <<
' '<< *it;
}
while( mycomp(*(++it),highest) );
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: 0 1 2 3 4
7 set的其他操作函数
find Get iterator to element (public member function )
count Count elements with a specific value (public member function )
lower_bound Return iterator to lower bound (public member function )
upper_bound Returniterator to upper bound (public member function )
equal_range Get range of equal elements (public member function )
get_allocator Get allocator (public memberfunction )
7.1 find 函数
iterator |
find(const value_type& val) const;(C++98) |
const_iterator |
find(const value_type& val) const;(C++11) |
iterator |
find(const value_type& val); (C++11) |
函数返回找到元素的iterator,如果找不到就指向set的末尾
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
std::set<
int>::iterator it;
// set some initial values:
for
(
inti=1; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i*10);
// set: 10 20 30 40 50
it=myset.find(20);
myset.erase (it);
myset.erase (myset.find(40));
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
for
(it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
std::cout <<
' '<< *it;
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: 10 30 50
7.2 count 函数
size_type count (const value_type& val) const;
函数返回值为val的元素的个数,当然在set容器中其最大为1.示例:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
// set some initial values:
for
(
inti=1; i<5; ++i) myset.insert(i*3);
// set: 3 6 9 12
for
(
inti=0; i<10; ++i)
{
std::cout << i;
if
(myset.count(i)!=0)
std::cout <<
" is an element of myset.\n";
else
std::cout <<
" is not an element of myset.\n";
}
return
0;
}
结果:
0 is not an element of myset.
1 is not an element of myset.
2 is not an element of myset.
3 is an element of myset.
4 is not an element of myset.
5 is not an element of myset.
6 is an element of myset.
7 is not an element of myset.
8 is not an element of myset.
9 is an element of myset.
7.3 lower_bound 函数
iterator lower_bound (const value_type& val) const; (C++98)
iterator lower_bound (const value_type& val);(C++11)
const_iterator lower_bound (const value_type& val) const;(C++11)
函数返回set中第一个小于或者等于val的元素的iterator。
7.4 upper_bound 函数
iterator upper_bound (const value_type& val) const; (C++98)
iterator upper_bound (const value_type& val);(C++11)
const_iterator upper_bound (const value_type& val) const;(C++11)
函数返回set中第一个大于或者等于val的元素的iterator。示例
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
std::set<
int>::iterator itlow,itup;
for
(
inti=1; i<10; i++) myset.insert(i*10);
// 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
itlow=myset.lower_bound (30);
// ^
itup=myset.upper_bound (60);
// ^
myset.erase(itlow,itup);
// 10 20 70 80 90
std::cout <<
"myset contains:";
for
(std::set<
int>::iterator it=myset.begin(); it!=myset.end(); ++it)
std::cout <<
' '<< *it;
std::cout <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
myset contains: 10 20 70 80 90
7.5 equal_range 函数
pairequal_range (const value_type& val) const; (C++98)
pairequal_range (const value_type& val) const; (C++11)
pair equal_range (const value_type& val);(C++11)
函数返回等于set中val的上下界的iterator。示例:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
for
(
inti=1; i<=5; i++) myset.insert(i*10);
// myset: 10 20 30 40 50
std::pairint>::const_iterator,std::set<
int>::const_iterator> ret;
ret = myset.equal_range(30);
std::cout <<
"the lower bound points to: "<< *ret.first <<
'\n';
std::cout <<
"the upper bound points to: "<< *ret.second <<
'\n';
return
0;
}
结果:
the lower bound points to: 30
the upper bound points to: 40
7.6 get_allocator 函数
allocator_type get_allocator() const;
函数返回set的分配器对象 示例:
#include
#include
int main ()
{
std::set<
int> myset;
int
* p;
unsigned
int
i;
// allocate an array of 5 elements using myset's allocator:
p=myset.get_allocator().allocate(5);
// assign some values to array
for
(i=0; i<5; i++) p[i]=(i+1)*10;
std::cout <<
"The allocated array contains:";
for
(i=0; i<5; i++) std::cout <<
' '<< p[i];
std::cout <<
'\n';
myset.get_allocator().deallocate(p,5);
return
0;
}
结果:
The allocated array contains: 10 20 30 40 50