mysql备份恢复测试

1.创建测试表，并查看当前日志记录位置：
mysql> create table t1(id int,name varchar(200)) engine=innodb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'lsq');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(2,'ljk');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(3,'llj');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%format%';
+--------------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value             |
+--------------------------+-------------------+
| binlog_format            | ROW               |
| date_format              | %Y-%m-%d          |
| datetime_format          | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s |
| default_week_format      | 0                 |
| innodb_file_format       | Antelope          |
| innodb_file_format_check | ON                |
| innodb_file_format_max   | Antelope          |
| time_format              | %H:%i:%s          |
+--------------------------+-------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>  show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       834 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看出二进制日志里最后的记录时834，查看日志内容确认：

[root@mysqldb mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150827  6:52:29 server id 1  end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0x9407869e  Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log created 150827  6:52:29 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
7eveVQ8BAAAAdAAAAHgAAAABAAQANS42LjIzLWVudGVycHJpc2UtY29tbWVyY2lhbC1hZHZhbmNl
ZC1sb2cAAAAAAAAAAADt695VEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAZ6G
B5Q=
'/*!*/;
# at 120
#150827  6:57:07 server id 1  end_log_pos 249 CRC32 0xc9890f80  Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
use `test`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1440673027/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
create table t1(id int,name varchar(200)) engine innodb
/*!*/;
# at 249
#150827  6:57:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 321 CRC32 0x67ff596c  Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1440673046/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 321
#150827  6:57:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 369 CRC32 0x95b7a1e7  Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 81
# at 369
#150827  6:57:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xfb52b344  Write_rows: table id 81 flags: STMT_END_F

BINLOG '
Fu3eVRMBAAAAMAAAAHEBAAAAAFEAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwLIAAPnobeV
Fu3eVR4BAAAALAAAAJ0BAAAAAFEAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wBAAAAA2xzcUSzUvs=
'/*!*/;
# at 413
#150827  6:57:26 server id 1  end_log_pos 444 CRC32 0x1548e10f  Xid = 110
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 444
#150827  6:57:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 516 CRC32 0x77b8c87d  Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1440673052/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 516
#150827  6:57:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 564 CRC32 0x3516423d  Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 81
# at 564
#150827  6:57:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 608 CRC32 0x0d240a02  Write_rows: table id 81 flags: STMT_END_F

BINLOG '
HO3eVRMBAAAAMAAAADQCAAAAAFEAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwLIAAM9QhY1
HO3eVR4BAAAALAAAAGACAAAAAFEAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wCAAAAA2xqawIKJA0=
'/*!*/;
# at 608
#150827  6:57:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 639 CRC32 0xc519509f  Xid = 111
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 639
#150827  6:57:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 711 CRC32 0x12891a2a  Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1440673058/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 711
#150827  6:57:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 759 CRC32 0xcb96f571  Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 81
# at 759
#150827  6:57:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 803 CRC32 0xffab5f61  Write_rows: table id 81 flags: STMT_END_F

BINLOG '
Iu3eVRMBAAAAMAAAAPcCAAAAAFEAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwLIAANx9ZbL
Iu3eVR4BAAAALAAAACMDAAAAAFEAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wDAAAAA2xsamFfq/8=
'/*!*/;
# at 803
#150827  6:57:38 server id 1  end_log_pos 834 CRC32 0x3d7ee8c0  Xid = 112
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

发现end_log_pos 为834

2. 执行备份
[root@mysqldb mysql]# mysqldump --databases test  --skip-opt --quick --extended-insert=false --lock-all-tables  --master-data=2 -u root -p >/tmp/test.sql
Enter password: 
[root@mysqldb mysql]# cd /tmp/
[root@mysqldb tmp]# ls -l test.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56625668 Aug 27 06:41 test.sql

[root@mysqldb tmp]# cat test.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.6.23, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: test
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version       5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=834;
--
-- Current Database: `test`
--
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
USE `test`;
--
-- Table structure for table `t1`
--
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL
);
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `t1`
--
INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1,'lsq');
INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (2,'ljk');
INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (3,'llj');
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2015-08-27  7:05:54

3.模拟误操作，dorp表
mysql> insert into t1 values(4,'zhangsan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(5,'wangwu');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select  * from t1;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | lsq      |
|    2 | ljk      |
|    3 | llj      |
|    4 | zhangsan |
|    5 | wangwu   |
+------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      1347 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
+------------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos  | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                                                 |
+------------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |    4 | Format_desc |         1 |         120 | Server ver: 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  120 | Query       |         1 |         249 | use `test`; create table t1(id int,name varchar(200)) engine innodb  |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  249 | Query       |         1 |         321 | BEGIN                                                                |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  321 | Table_map   |         1 |         369 | table_id: 81 (test.t1)                                               |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  369 | Write_rows  |         1 |         413 | table_id: 81 flags: STMT_END_F                                       |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  413 | Xid         |         1 |         444 | COMMIT /* xid=110 */                                                 |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  444 | Query       |         1 |         516 | BEGIN                                                                |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  516 | Table_map   |         1 |         564 | table_id: 81 (test.t1)                                               |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  564 | Write_rows  |         1 |         608 | table_id: 81 flags: STMT_END_F                                       |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  608 | Xid         |         1 |         639 | COMMIT /* xid=111 */                                                 |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  639 | Query       |         1 |         711 | BEGIN                                                                |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  711 | Table_map   |         1 |         759 | table_id: 81 (test.t1)                                               |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  759 | Write_rows  |         1 |         803 | table_id: 81 flags: STMT_END_F                                       |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  803 | Xid         |         1 |         834 | COMMIT /* xid=112 */                                                 |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  834 | Query       |         1 |         906 | BEGIN                                                                |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  906 | Table_map   |         1 |         954 | table_id: 82 (test.t1)                                               |
| mysql-bin.000001 |  954 | Write_rows  |         1 |        1003 | table_id: 82 flags: STMT_END_F                                       |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1003 | Xid         |         1 |        1034 | COMMIT /* xid=140 */                                                 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1034 | Query       |         1 |        1106 | BEGIN                                                                |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1106 | Table_map   |         1 |        1154 | table_id: 82 (test.t1)                                               |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1154 | Write_rows  |         1 |        1201 | table_id: 82 flags: STMT_END_F                                       |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1201 | Xid         |         1 |        1232 | COMMIT /* xid=141 */                                                 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1232 | Query       |         1 |        1347 | use `test`; DROP TABLE `t1` /* generated by server */                |
+------------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
23 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看出drop的日志位置为1232

4.恢复数据库
先删除数据库test
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| data1              |
| data2              |
| mbs                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
执行恢复：
[root@mysqldb tmp]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
[root@mysqldb tmp]# 

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| data1              |
| data2              |
| mbs                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | lsq  |
|    2 | ljk  |
|    3 | llj  |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时发现表t1里只有3条记录，也就是备份时间点的记录数。

5.恢复到drop表之前的数据
先确定需要查看日志的起始位置为834--1232，执行mysqlbinlog查看这个范围的日志内容，发现里面正好是最后插入的两条记录：

[root@mysqldb mysql]# mysqlbinlog   --start-position=834 --stop-position=1232  -vv  /u01/mysql/mysql-bin.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#150827  6:52:29 server id 1  end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0x9407869e  Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log created 150827  6:52:29 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
7eveVQ8BAAAAdAAAAHgAAAABAAQANS42LjIzLWVudGVycHJpc2UtY29tbWVyY2lhbC1hZHZhbmNl
ZC1sb2cAAAAAAAAAAADt695VEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAZ6G
B5Q=
'/*!*/;
# at 834
#150827  7:17:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 906 CRC32 0xa1a853c6  Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1440674252/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 906
#150827  7:17:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 954 CRC32 0xc06e83bc  Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 82
# at 954
#150827  7:17:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 1003 CRC32 0xd1a6d22a         Write_rows: table id 82 flags: STMT_END_F


BINLOG '
zPHeVRMBAAAAMAAAALoDAAAAAFIAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwLIAAO8g27A
zPHeVR4BAAAAMQAAAOsDAAAAAFIAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wEAAAACHpoYW5nc2FuKtKm0Q==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO `test`.`t1`
### SET
###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
###   @2='zhangsan' /* VARSTRING(200) meta=200 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 1003
#150827  7:17:32 server id 1  end_log_pos 1034 CRC32 0xb161c0d9         Xid = 140
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1034
#150827  7:17:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 1106 CRC32 0x7e0ef7e3         Query   thread_id=4     exec_time=0     error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1440674262/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1106
#150827  7:17:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 1154 CRC32 0xfaf1c40b         Table_map: `test`.`t1` mapped to number 82
# at 1154
#150827  7:17:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 1201 CRC32 0x1912c44b         Write_rows: table id 82 flags: STMT_END_F


BINLOG '
1vHeVRMBAAAAMAAAAIIEAAAAAFIAAAAAAAEABHRlc3QAAnQxAAIDDwLIAAMLxPH6
1vHeVR4BAAAALwAAALEEAAAAAFIAAAAAAAEAAgAC//wFAAAABndhbmd3dUvEEhk=
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO `test`.`t1`
### SET
###   @1=5 /* INT meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
###   @2='wangwu' /* VARSTRING(200) meta=200 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 1201
#150827  7:17:42 server id 1  end_log_pos 1232 CRC32 0x4a6a75fe         Xid = 141
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;

执行恢复操作：
[root@mysqldb mysql]# mysqlbinlog   --start-position=834 --stop-position=1232  -vv  /u01/mysql/mysql-bin.000001|mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
[root@mysqldb mysql]# 

再次查询表中的数据，发现数据已经恢复：
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | lsq      |
|    2 | ljk      |
|    3 | llj      |
|    4 | zhangsan |
|    5 | wangwu   |
+------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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