Android系统的启动流程

Android系统的启动流程

操作系统的引导文件去运行linux的内核程序,内核程序开始启动的时候会加载各种驱动和数据结构,开始加载android应用层的第一个进程(init进程c代码(system\core\init目录)

下面就从开始加载android第一个进程说起,注意代码中的注释,另附图一张以便理解

Init.c源代码的main方法如下:

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    ...
    创建目录并且挂载该目录
    //初始化日志
    log_init();
    ...
    //解析配置文件
    init_parse_config_file("/init.rc");

    ...

    return 0;
}

init.rc配置文件(system\core\roodir)

   ...
   //孵化器进程,它是很多其他应用进程的母进程
   service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
    socket zygote stream 666
    onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart netd
   ...

孵化器进程App_main.cpp(由c进入c++代码)

int main(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
    ...
    if (i < argc) {
        arg = argv[i++];
        if (0 == strcmp("--zygote", arg)) {
            bool startSystemServer = (i < argc) ? 
                    strcmp(argv[i], "--start-system-server") == 0 : false;
            setArgv0(argv0, "zygote");
            set_process_name("zygote");
            runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit",
                startSystemServer);
        }
       ...

}

com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit Java类(java层的孵化器进程)

public static void main(String argv[]) {
    try {
     //设置最小堆内存5M  
        VMRuntime.getRuntime().setMinimumHeapSize(5 * 1024 * 1024);


         。。。
        //预加载类和资源 ,该方法细节看2步
        preloadClasses();

         //强制执行一次垃圾收集
        // Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
        gc();


        // 传入的参数满足if 等于true,不然抛异常
        if (argv[1].equals("true")) {
            startSystemServer();//详情看第3步
        } 
        。。。

}//end main

//2步 preloadClasses()
private static void preloadClasses() {
    final VMRuntime runtime = VMRuntime.getRuntime();

    InputStream is = ZygoteInit.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
            PRELOADED_CLASSES);//类的配置文件 1800多个类

        try {
            BufferedReader br
                = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), 256);

            int count = 0;
            String line;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

                    Class.forName(line);//加载每一个类
                   。。。
    }
//3步 startSystemServer()方法

private static boolean startSystemServer()
        throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
    /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
    String args[] = {
        "--setuid=1000",
        "--setgid=1000",
        "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,3001,3002,3003",
        "--capabilities=130104352,130104352",
        "--runtime-init",
        "--nice-name=system_server",//进程的名字system_server
        "com.android.server.SystemServer",//启动的类名
    };
    ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;

    int pid;

    try {
        //把参数封装到对象中
        parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);

        //分叉进程
        pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
                parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
                parsedArgs.gids, debugFlags, null,
                parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
                parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
    。。。

    return true;
}

com.android.server.SystemServer 分叉出该进程,main方法主要代码如下:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    。。。。

    // The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be
    // as efficient as possible with its memory usage.
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
    //加载android_servers库 jni
    System.loadLibrary("android_servers"); //加载 libxxx.so文件
    init1(args);//通过jni调用的目的:通过c来启动底层的硬件服务
}
native public static void init1(String[] args); //在c或c++中实现

com_android_server_SystemServer.cpp(code\frameworks\base\services\jni目录) 该类的主要代码如下:

   //这里写代码片System_init.cpp中,详情看2步
   extern "C" int system_init();
   static void android_server_SystemServer_init1(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{   //调用此方法!!!!
    system_init();
}

/*
 * JNI registration.
 */
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
    { "init1", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void*) android_server_SystemServer_init1 },
};



//2步 System_init.cpp类 中system_init()方法主要代码如下:
extern "C" status_t system_init()
{
    LOGI("Entered system_init()");



    // Start the sensor service
    SensorService::instantiate();

    // 启动硬件服务(c代码才可以直接操作硬件)
    if (!proc->supportsProcesses()) {

        // Start the AudioFlinger
        AudioFlinger::instantiate();

        // Start the media playback service
        MediaPlayerService::instantiate();

        // Start the camera service
        CameraService::instantiate();

        // Start the audio policy service
        AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
    }


    LOGI("System server: starting Android runtime.\n");

    AndroidRuntime* runtime = AndroidRuntime::getRuntime();

    LOGI("System server: starting Android services.\n");
    //详情看3步
    runtime->callStatic("com/android/server/SystemServer", "init2");

    ...
    return NO_ERROR;

  //3步 SystemServer类的静态方法init2,主要代码如下:

    Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
    //启动线程
    Thread thr = new ServerThread();
    thr.setName("android.server.ServerThread");
    thr.start();

ServerThread类的run方法,主要代码如下:

@Override
public void run() {
    //轮询器的初始化
    Looper.prepare();

    。。。
    //启动各种服务

    // make sure the ADB_ENABLED setting value matches the secure 
   //几种服务的ready准备
   。。。

    ((ActivityManagerService)ActivityManagerNative.getDefault())
            .systemReady(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            Slog.i(TAG, "Making services ready");

            if (statusBarF != null) statusBarF.systemReady2();
            if (batteryF != null) batteryF.systemReady();
            if (connectivityF != null) connectivityF.systemReady();
            if (dockF != null) dockF.systemReady();
            if (usbF != null) usbF.systemReady();
            if (uiModeF != null) uiModeF.systemReady();
            if (recognitionF != null) recognitionF.systemReady();
            Watchdog.getInstance().start();

            // It is now okay to let the various system services start their
            // third party code...

            if (appWidgetF != null) appWidgetF.systemReady(safeMode);
            if (wallpaperF != null) wallpaperF.systemReady();
            if (immF != null) immF.systemReady();
            if (locationF != null) locationF.systemReady();
            if (throttleF != null) throttleF.systemReady();
        }
    });

    。。。
    //轮询器已经开监听消息(轮询取消息)
    Looper.loop();
    Slog.d(TAG, "System ServerThread is exiting!");
}

ActivityManagerService类的systemReady方法,主要代码如下:

public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback) {
   r
            。。。。

                final ArrayList doneReceivers = new ArrayList();
                。。。
                加载各种Activity组件

        //任务栈
        mMainStack.resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
    }
}

ActivityStack类的resumeTopActivityLocked方法,主要代码如下:

   final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
  //系统刚开始启动,任务栈中还不存在Activity
            ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);

    // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
    // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
    final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
    mUserLeaving = false;
    //第一次加载,没有任何Activity存在
    if (next == null) {
    // There are no more activities!  Let's just start up the
    // Launcher...
    if (mMainStack) {
    //系统刚开始启动成功 ,返回的就是待机画面的Activity
    return mService.startHomeActivityLocked();
    }
}
...

   }

系统待机画面显示,系统启动完成

上图:

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