A3. Overview of Building Blocks-5

应用 - 应用程序为ZAScontroller.exe。该程序从调度程序和其他参数中读取每个控制器的I / O进程，.CON，.TUN参数和时间信息。并且为每个基于项目定义的控制器运行。应用的详细执行如下。
应用级还包含数据库访问，消息处理，调度程序等。
Database access（访问数据库）提供了对实时数据库读/写数据的功能。该数据库是应用级、DCS和Exasmoc操作员站数据流的中枢。它包含了必要的DCS I/O，MV，DV，POV，CV，EF，压实点，.CON＆.TUN参数，消息等。该实时数据库实际上属于OPC服务器。
Message Processing（消息处理） - 由Shell /内核和应用级生成的操作和错误消息将发送到Exasmoc操作员站，以使操作员/工程师注意，并为他们确认并采取纠正措施。消息记录在Exasmoc操作员站上。
Scheduler（调度程序） - 调度程序定期调用每个Exasmoc控制器，详细描述在B3章节。在启动前必须将每个Exasmoc控制器注册到调度程序。
Trend Data Gathering（趋势数据采集）- 应用程序可通过数据采集功能获取历史数据，且能够通过OPC历史数据服务器参考。
Shell - 此级别包含为内核输入准备以及处理内核输出以传回应用级的例程。如下所述，Shell具有以下三个重要功能。
Execute Control（执行控制） - 处理应用和内核之间的数据传输。为Kernel准备内核输入参数。
MV Check （检查MV） -检查操作变量以确定MV是否可用于接收设定值，并检查MV设定值是否等于预期值。它也可以根据MV硬约束以及阀位限制来计算有效的MV限制。
QMI Check（QMI检查）- POV和DV的测量值可以通过采样保持型QMI来提供，该类型在给定的时间间隔更新测量值。然而，Exasmoc可能会在更短的时间间隔运行，并且需要知道每个步骤的QMI值是否是最新的。如果Exasmoc执行时没有给定新值可用，则Exasmoc控制器将根据其对POV的内部预测继续操作。
**Kernel **—用于控制优化和观察的实际核心算法位于此级别。它还具有这些算法的I / O（去/来自Shell）处理功能。

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原文：
**Application **- The Application program called as ZAScontroller.exe. This program reads every controller’s process I/O, .CON, .TUN parameters, and timing information from the scheduler and other parameters. Eventually it runs for each controller defined by project base. Application program’s execution is detailed below.
Application level also contains Database access, Message Processing, Scheduler, etc.
Database access provides function to read/write data on Real Time database, which is a Hub for data flow to and from Application level, DCS and Exasmoc operator station. It contains necessary DCS I/O, MV, DV, POV, CV, EF,Compaction Points, .CON & .TUN parameters, messages, etc. This Real Time database actually belongs to OPC server.
Message Processing - Operation and error messages generated by Shell/Kernel and Application level are sent to Exasmoc operator station for operator/engineer attention and for them to acknowledge and take corrective actions. Messages are logged on Exasmoc operator station.
Scheduler- A scheduler calls every Exasmoc controllers periodically, described in details in chapter B3. It is necessary to register every Exasmoc controller to the scheduler before starting.
Trend Data Gathering - Acquired data on data acquiring function is maintained as historical data and application program is able to refer to them via OPC Historical Data server.
Shell -This level contains the routine to prepare the input for the kernel and to process the output from the kernel to be passed back to the Application level. Shell has following three important functions described below.
Execute Control - handles the data transfer between the application program and the kernel. Prepare the formal input parameters for the Kernel.
MV Check- Manipulated Variable Check determines whether the MVs are available to receive setpoint value and checks whether the MV setpoint is equal to the expected value. It also calculates the active MV limits from the more limiting of the hard MV limits, and the approach to valve position limits.
QMI Check- The measured values of POVs and DVs can be provided by a sample hold type QMI which updates its measurement at some given time interval. However Exasmoc may well be running at a shorter time interval and needs to know at each step whether or not the QMI value is up to date. If no new value is available at a given Exasmoc execution the Exasmoc controller will continue operation based on its internal prediction of the POV.
**Kernel **—The actual core algorithms for control optimize and observer resides at this level. It also has I/O (to/from Shell) processing function for these algorithms.

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2017.3.30