centos查看系统信息

系统

uname -a # 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息

head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系统版本

cat /proc/cpuinfo # 查看CPU信息

hostname # 查看计算机名

lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI设备

lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB设备

lsmod # 列出加载的内核模块

env # 查看环境变量

资源

free -m # 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量

df -h # 查看各分区使用情况

du -sh <目录名> # 查看指定目录的大小

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看内存总量

grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空闲内存量

uptime # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载

cat /proc/loadavg # 查看系统负载

磁盘和分区

mount | column -t # 查看挂接的分区状态

fdisk -l # 查看所有分区

swapon -s # 查看所有交换分区

hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)

dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况

网络

ifconfig # 查看所有网络接口的属性

iptables -L # 查看防火墙设置

route -n # 查看路由表

netstat -lntp # 查看所有监听端口

netstat -antp # 查看所有已经建立的连接

netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息

进程

ps -ef # 查看所有进程

top # 实时显示进程状态

用户

w # 查看活动用户

id <用户名> # 查看指定用户信息

last # 查看用户登录日志

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统所有用户

cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系统所有组

crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务

服务

chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务

chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务

程序

rpm -qa # 查看所有安装的软件包

查看网卡型号

[[email protected]]# lspci | grep Ethernet 
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection

查看内存和cpu最直接最常用的命令：

[[email protected]]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       3069504     528876    2540628          0      76648     396152
-/+ buffers/cache:      56076    3013428
Swap:      5124692          0    5124692


[[email protected]]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 23
model name      : Pentium(R) Dual-Core  CPU      E6500  @ 2.93GHz
stepping        : 10
cpu MHz         : 1596.000
cache size      : 2048 KB

查看硬盘信息（查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号）：

[[email protected]]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5             2.0G  272M  1.6G  15% /
/dev/sda8             199G  188M  189G   1% /home
/dev/sda3             9.7G  1.3G  7.9G  15% /usr
/dev/sda2             9.7G  198M  9.0G   3% /var
/dev/sda1              99M   17M   77M  18% /boot
 
方法1：
[[email protected]]#  hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

 Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ                         , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo=      S2B5J90ZC12060
 Config={ Fixed }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4
 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
 PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2
 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabled
 Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7

 * signifies the current active mode

方法2：

[[email protected]]#    dmesg | grep ATA
ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185
ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185
ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133
ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
  Vendor: ATA       Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ   Rev: 1AJ3
ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185
ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185
ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)
ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177
 

[[email protected]]# dmidecode|more
# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
57 structures occupying 2318 bytes.
Table at 0x000E84B0.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: Intel Corp.
        Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019.2009.0625.1334
        Release Date: 06/25/2009

.....

System Information  服务器品牌
        Manufacturer:                                 
        Product Name:              （没有信息表示非品牌或未识别）                   
        Version:                                 
        Serial Number:                                 
        UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: Not Specified
        Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information  主板型号/主板信息
        Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
        Product Name: DG43GT
        Version: AAE62768-300
        Serial Number: BTGT9340022N

Processor Information  CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频
        Socket Designation: PROCESSOR
        Type: Central Processor
        Family: Pentium D
        Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.
        ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF
        Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10
        Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core  CPU      E6500  @ 2.93GHz  
        Voltage: 1.2 V
        External Clock: 266 MHz
        Max Speed: 4000 MHz
        Current Speed: 2931 MHz
        Status: Populated, Enabled
        Upgrade: Socket LGA775

Cache Information  硬件和CPU缓存情况
        Socket Designation: L1-Cache
        Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
        Operational Mode: Write Back
        Location: Internal
        Installed Size: 32 kB
        Maximum Size: 32 kB

BIOS Language Information  BIOS语言
        Installable Languages: 1
                en|US|iso8859-1
        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

Physical Memory Array  主板最大支持内存
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4

Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address  目前的内存
        Starting Address: 0x00000000000
        Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
        Range Size: 4 GB
        Physical Array Handle: 0x002B
        Partition Width: 0

On Board Device Information  显卡型号
        Type: Video
        Status: Enabled
        Description:  Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device

如何确定品牌服务器，不受到忽悠(某日我们买了一台dell品牌服务器，如何确定没有被忽悠呢？)：

[[email protected]]# dmidecode|more  （如果能看到dell的型号，就可以肯定没错了）

Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
        Product Name: PowerEdge T110
        Version: Not Specified
        Serial Number: J47RBP1
        UUID: 4C4C4544-0034-3710-8052-CAC04F425031
        Wake-up Type: Power Switch
        SKU Number: Not Specified
        Family: Not Specified

Handle 0x0200, DMI type 2, 9 bytes
Base Board Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
        Product Name: 0V52N7
        Version: A02
        Serial Number: ..CN708210CD0166.
        Asset Tag: Not Specified

Handle 0x0300, DMI type 3, 21 bytes
Chassis Information
        Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
        Type: Main Server Chassis
        Lock: Present
        Version: Not Specified
        Serial Number: J47RBP1