《Spring In Action》 读书笔记(5) -- @autowire,@Qualifier减少xml配置 ...

Instruments.java 创建乐器接口

package spring.ioc04;

public interface Instruments {
    public void play();
}

Cello.java 大提琴

package spring.ioc04;

public class Cello implements Instruments {

    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.print("大提琴 ");
    }

}

Piano.java 钢琴

package spring.ioc04;


public class Piano implements Instruments {


    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.print("钢琴 ");
    }
}

Violin.java 小提琴

package spring.ioc04;

public class Violin implements Instruments {

    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.print("小提琴 ");
    }

}

上面是这次例子要用到的实体类,我们先看下xml配置和单元测试类,知道我们要先干什么。

ioc04.xml


<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd"

    default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Spring Configurationdescription>


    
    <context:annotation-config>context:annotation-config>

    <bean id="cello" class="spring.ioc04.Cello">bean>
    <bean id="piano" class="spring.ioc04.Piano">
    bean>

    <bean id="pan" class="spring.ioc04.Pan">
    bean>




beans>

单元测试类:

    /**
     * spring.ioc04 autowire减少xml配置
     */
    @Test
    public void test6() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc04.xml");
        spring.ioc04.Pan pan = (spring.ioc04.Pan) context.getBean("pan");
        pan.performance();
    }

我们读取ioc04.xml,然后拿到pan的实例,xml文件中context:annotation-config标签是告诉spring我们要用注解装配对象。(这次的注解装配并不完全,乐器类和pan类仍使用bean标签装配,因为我们这次重点介绍autowire注解。),我们看一下pan类:

package spring.ioc04;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

public class Pan {
    //默认@Autowired是必须有装配对象的,没有的话会报错,如果想远离失败,null也可以接受的话,可以设定required=false
    @Autowired(required=false)
    //根据xml中的bean ID查找,缩小自动装配的范围
    @Qualifier("piano")
    private Instruments instrument;

    public void performance() {

        System.out.print("我会 ");
        instrument.play();

    }

    public Instruments getInstrument() {
        return instrument;
    }

    public void setInstrument(Instruments instrument) {
        this.instrument = instrument;
    }

}

@Autowired标签会根据属性名 在spring上下文中找相同id名的实例,@Autowired会生效也是因为context:annotation-config标签的使用,然后下面又有一个@Qualifier(“piano”)标签,因为我配置了三种乐器,而instrument属性是一个乐器接口,spring不知道用什么哪个乐器去装配,导致抛出异常,所以用@Qualifier(“piano”)标签去限定用哪一种乐器,piano表示我们用钢琴来装配。最后执行performance()输出结果为:

我会 钢琴

本例中 我们因为使用autowire注解,从而在xml文件中,我们不需要为bean id为pan的实体添加property标签或constructor-arg标签,从而达到减少xml配置的作用。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lovejj1994/p/7182177.html

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