Centos7.5源码安装mysql5.7
Centos7.5源码安装MySQL5.7
（一）、MySQL 5.7的主要特性
MySQL 5.7的主要特性：
- 原生支持Systemd
- 更好的性能：对于多核CPU、固态硬盘、锁有着更好的优化
- 更好的InnoDB存储引擎
- 更为健壮的复制功能：复制带来了数据完全不丢失的方案，传统金融客户也可以选择使用MySQL数据库。
- 注: mysql-5.6.3已经支持了多线程的主从复制
- 新增sys库：以后这会是DBA访问最频繁的库
MySQL官网：https://www.mysql.com/
（二）、源码安装
一、下载MySQL的相关安装包
1.系统环境：centos7.5 x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
因为centos7.2默认安装了mariadb-libs，所以先要卸载掉
查看是否安装mariadb
rpm-qa l grep mariadb
卸载mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
[root@MySQL ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@MySQL ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps
[root@MySQL ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
[root@MySQL ~]#
2.安装依赖包
(1)相关依赖包的作用
-
cmake：由于从MySQL5.5版本开始弃用了常规的configure编译方法，所以需要CMake编译器，用于设置mysql的编译参数。如：安装目录、数据存放目录、字符编码、排序规则等。
-
Boost：从MySQL 5.7.5开始Boost库是必需的，mysql源码中用到了C++的Boost库，要求必须安装boost1.59.0或以上版本
-
GCC：是Linux下的C语言编译工具，mysql源码编译完全由C和CH编写，要求必须安装GCC
-
bison：Linux 下C/C++语法分析器
-
ncurses：字符终端处理库
(2)安装文件准备
1)下载mysq1-5.7.31.tar.gz
登录mysql官网https://dev.mysql.com，单击“DOWNLOADS”
点击“MySQL Community (GPL) Downloads »”
选择“MySQL Community Server”
当前最新的版本为MySQL Community Server 8.0.21，但是企业中使用5.7的比较多
查找以前的版本，单击“[Looking for previous GA versions? ”
Select Version：5.7.31；
Select Operating System：Source Code ；
Select OS Version：All
选择“Generic Linux (Architecture Independent), Compressed TAR Archive(mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz)”，点击“Download”
选择“No thanks, just start my download.”
完整下载链接：https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz
2)下载cmake-3.18.1.tar.gz
登录cmake官网https://cmake.org/，单击“Dwonload”
选择最新版本“Unix/Linux Source (has in line feeds) cmake-3.18.1.tar.gz”
完整下载链接：https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.18.1/cmake-3.18.1.tar.gz
3)下载bison-3.6.3.tar.gz
百度搜索bison，点击“Bison - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation”
打开网址http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/
选择“Downloading Bison”下的，Bison可以在主GNU ftp服务器上找到：http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/
选择较新的版本bison-3.6.3.tar.gz
完整下载链接：http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.6.3.tar.gz
4)下载ncurses-6.2.tar.gz
百度搜索ncurses，点击“Index of /pub/gnu/ncurses”
打开网址http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/
选择“ncurses-6.2.tar.gz 2020-02-12 04:54 3.3M”
完整下载链接：http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-6.2.tar.gz
5)下载Boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
不能下载最新版本，因为MySQL 5.7使用的是1.59的库
百度搜索boost1_59，点击“boost version 1.59.0”
打开网址https://www.boost.org/users/history/version_1_59_0.html
点击“unix boost_1_59_0.tar.gz”
完整下载链接：https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
二、开始安装
1.将软件包使用xshell上传至centos7.5中
创建储存安装包的文件夹
[root@MySQL ~]# cd /opt
[root@MySQL opt]# ls
[root@MySQL opt]# mkdir mysql_install
[root@MySQL opt]# cd mysql_install/
[root@MySQL mysql_install]#
显示如下结果表示没有安装rz
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# rz -E
-bash: rz: command not found
安装rz和sz功能（下载：sz 文件 ；上传：rz -y 文件 ）
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# yum -y install lrzsz
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
//文件过长，省略部分内容
Installed:
lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7
Complete!
[root@MySQL mysql_install]#
查看lrzsz是否已经安装
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# rpm -qa | grep lrzsz
lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64
[root@MySQL mysql_install]#
上传安装包
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# ll
total 151536
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4639293 Aug 13 07:19 bison-3.6.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 83709983 Aug 13 07:44 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8969366 Aug 13 07:03 cmake-3.18.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54418341 Aug 13 06:49 mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3425862 Aug 13 07:34 ncurses-6.2.tar.gz
[root@MySQL mysql_install]#
2.安装cmake
（1)开始安装
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# tar zxf cmake-3.18.1.tar.gz //解压
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# cd cmake-3.18.1/ //切换目录
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# ./bootstrap //使用bootstrap编译安装
---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.18.1, Copyright 2000-2020 Kitware, Inc. and Contributors
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CC.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
#引导CMake时出错:在这个系统上找不到合适的C编译器。请使用环境变量指定一个。请参阅cmake_bootstrap.log了解所尝试的编译器。
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /opt/mysql_install/cmake-3.18.1/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
#此时报错：因为服务器没有安装c编译器
（2)安装gcc编译器
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# gcc -v //查看服务器是否已安装gcc编译器
-bash: gcc: command not found
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# yum install gcc //安装gcc编译器
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
#内容过长，省略部分内容
Install 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 48 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
#内容过长，省略部分内容
Installed:
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Dependency Installed:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1127.18.2.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7
Dependency Updated:
glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Complete!
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]#
#再次编译安装
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# ./bootstrap
---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.18.1, Copyright 2000-2020 Kitware, Inc. and Contributors
C compiler on this system is: cc
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find a C++ compiler that supports both C++11 and the specified C++ flags.
Please specify one using environment variable CXX.
The C++ flags are "".
They can be changed using the environment variable CXXFLAGS.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
#报错翻译：引导CMake时出错:
#找不到同时支持C++11和指定的C++标志的C++编译器。请使用环境变量CXX指定一个。C++标志是" "。可以使用环境变量CXXFLAGS来更改它们。
#请参阅cmake_bootstrap.log了解所尝试的编译器。
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /opt/mysql_install/cmake-3.18.1/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]#
#此时仍然报错：因为服务器缺少C++编译器
（3)安装gcc-c++编译器
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# yum install gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
#内容过长，省略部分内容
Installed:
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Dependency Installed:
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Dependency Updated:
libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Complete!
#安装完后，继续安装cmake
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# ./bootstrap
---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.18.1, Copyright 2000-2020 Kitware, Inc. and Contributors
Found GNU toolchain
C compiler on this system is: gcc
C++ compiler on this system is: g++ -std=gnu++1y
Makefile processor on this system is: gmake
g++ has setenv
#内容过长，省略部分内容
-- Looking for connect in socket;dl - not found
-- Looking for gethostbyname in c
-- Looking for gethostbyname in c - found
-- Looking for recv in network;dl
-- Looking for recv in network;dl - not found
-- Looking for gethostname
-- Looking for gethostname - found
-- Could NOT find OpenSSL, try to set the path to OpenSSL root folder in the system variable OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR (missing: OPENSSL_CRYPTO_LIBRARY OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR)
CMake Error at Utilities/cmcurl/CMakeLists.txt:485 (message):
Could not find OpenSSL. Install an OpenSSL development package or
configure CMake with -DCMAKE_USE_OPENSSL=OFF to build without OpenSSL.
#报错翻译：找不到OpenSSL。安装OpenSSL开发包或使用-DCMAKE_USE_OPENSSL=OFF配置为不带有OPENSSL的构建。
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/opt/mysql_install/cmake-3.18.1/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/opt/mysql_install/cmake-3.18.1/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Problem while running initial CMake
---------------------------------------------
（4)安装OpenSSL
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# yum install openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
#内容过长，省略部分内容
Installed:
openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7
Dependency Installed:
keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7 krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-46.el7 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7
libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-46.el7 libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-15.el7 libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7
libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
Dependency Updated:
e2fsprogs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7 e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7 krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-46.el7
libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7 libselinux.x86_64 0:2.5-15.el7 libselinux-python.x86_64 0:2.5-15.el7
libselinux-utils.x86_64 0:2.5-15.el7 libsepol.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7 libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7
openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
Complete!
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]#
#继续安装cmake
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# ./bootstrap
---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.18.1, Copyright 2000-2020 Kitware, Inc. and Contributors
Found GNU toolchain
C compiler on this system is: gcc
C++ compiler on this system is: g++ -std=gnu++1y
Makefile processor on this system is: gmake
g++ has setenv
#由于内容过长，部分内容省略
-- Performing Test run_pic_test - Success
-- Performing Test run_inlines_hidden_test
-- Performing Test run_inlines_hidden_test - Success
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /opt/mysql_install/cmake-3.18.1
---------------------------------------------
CMake has bootstrapped. Now run gmake.
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]#
（5)安装gmake
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# gmake && gmake install
#内容过长，省略部分内容
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/cmake-mode.el
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/aclocal/cmake.m4
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/bash-completion/completions/cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/bash-completion/completions/cpack
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/bash-completion/completions/ctest
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# history
（6)查看cmake版本
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# cmake -version
cmake version 3.18.1
CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]#
（7)查看cmake的参数
[root@MySQL mysql-5.7.31]# cmake . -LH
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:35 (CMAKE_POLICY):
The OLD behavior for policy CMP0018 will be removed from a future version
of CMake.
The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
specific short-term circumstances. Projects should be ported to the NEW
behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:41 (CMAKE_POLICY):
The OLD behavior for policy CMP0022 will be removed from a future version
of CMake.
The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
specific short-term circumstances. Projects should be ported to the NEW
behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:48 (CMAKE_POLICY):
The OLD behavior for policy CMP0045 will be removed from a future version
of CMake.
The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
specific short-term circumstances. Projects should be ported to the NEW
behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:49 (CMAKE_POLICY):
The OLD behavior for policy CMP0042 will be removed from a future version
of CMake.
The cmake-policies(7) manual explains that the OLD behaviors of all
policies are deprecated and that a policy should be set to OLD only under
specific short-term circumstances. Projects should be ported to the NEW
behavior and not rely on setting a policy to OLD.
-- Running cmake version 3.18.1
-- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
-- Configuring with MAX_INDEXES = 64U
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- CMAKE_GENERATOR: Unix Makefiles
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB - found
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of void *
-- Check size of void * - done
-- SIZEOF_VOIDP 8
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_SHIFT_OR_OPTIMIZATION_BUG
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_SHIFT_OR_OPTIMIZATION_BUG - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_SHIFT_OR_OPTIMIZATION_BUG
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_SHIFT_OR_OPTIMIZATION_BUG - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FLOATING_POINT_FUSED_MADD
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FLOATING_POINT_FUSED_MADD - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FLOATING_POINT_FUSED_MADD
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FLOATING_POINT_FUSED_MADD - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FP_CONTRACT_FLAG
-- Performing Test HAVE_C_FP_CONTRACT_FLAG - Success
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FP_CONTRACT_FLAG
-- Performing Test HAVE_CXX_FP_CONTRACT_FLAG - Success
-- MySQL 5.7.31
-- Packaging as: mysql-5.7.31-Linux-x86_64
-- Looked for boost/version.hpp in and
-- BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR-NOTFOUND
-- LOCAL_BOOST_DIR
-- LOCAL_BOOST_ZIP
-- Could not find (the correct version of) boost.
-- MySQL currently requires boost_1_59_0
CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:88 (MESSAGE):
You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>
This CMake script will look for boost in <directory>. If it is not there,
it will download and unpack it (in that directory) for you.
If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy:
export http_proxy=http://example.com:80
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/boost.cmake:245 (COULD_NOT_FIND_BOOST)
CMakeLists.txt:548 (INCLUDE)
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/opt/mysql_install/mysql-5.7.31/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
See also "/opt/mysql_install/mysql-5.7.31/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log".
-- Cache values
// Choose the type of build, options are: None(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS or
CMAKE_C_FLAGS used) Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel
CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=RelWithDebInfo
// install prefix
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql
// Set to true if this is a community build
COMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON
// Download boost from sourceforge.
DOWNLOAD_BOOST:BOOL=OFF
// Timeout in seconds when downloading boost.
DOWNLOAD_BOOST_TIMEOUT:STRING=600
// Enable profiling
ENABLED_PROFILING:BOOL=ON
// Enable gcov (debug, Linux builds only)
ENABLE_GCOV:BOOL=OFF
// Enable gprof (optimized, Linux builds only)
ENABLE_GPROF:BOOL=OFF
// Enable SASL on InnoDB Memcached
ENABLE_MEMCACHED_SASL:BOOL=OFF
// Enable SASL on InnoDB Memcached
ENABLE_MEMCACHED_SASL_PWDB:BOOL=OFF
// Selection of features. This option is deprecated
FEATURE_SET:STRING=community
// Installation directory layout. Options are: TARGZ (as in tar.gz installer), WIN (as in zip installer), STANDALONE, RPM, DEB, SVR4, FREEBSD, GLIBC, OSX, SLES
INSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE
// default MySQL data directory
MYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/usr/local/mysql/data
// default MySQL keyring directory
MYSQL_KEYRINGDIR:PATH=/usr/local/mysql/keyring
// Support tracing of Optimizer
OPTIMIZER_TRACE:BOOL=ON
// Take extra pains to make build result independent of build location and time
REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD:BOOL=OFF
// PATH to MySQL TMP dir. Defaults to the P_tmpdir macro in <stdio.h>
TMPDIR:PATH=P_tmpdir
//
WITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON
// Enable address sanitizer
WITH_ASAN:BOOL=OFF
// Enable -fsanitize-address-use-after-scope
WITH_ASAN_SCOPE:BOOL=OFF
// Report error if the LDAP authentication plugin cannot be built.
WITH_AUTHENTICATION_LDAP:BOOL=OFF
//
WITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON
// Path to boost sources: a directory, or a tarball to be unzipped.
WITH_BOOST:PATH=
// Support for client-side protocol tracing plugins
WITH_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_TRACING:BOOL=ON
// Use dbug/safemutex
WITH_DEBUG:BOOL=OFF
// Use flags from cmake/build_configurations/compiler_options.cmake
WITH_DEFAULT_COMPILER_OPTIONS:BOOL=ON
// Use feature set in cmake/build_configurations/feature_set.cmake
WITH_DEFAULT_FEATURE_SET:BOOL=ON
// By default use bundled editline
WITH_EDITLINE:STRING=bundled
//
WITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER:BOOL=ON
// Options are: none, complex, all
WITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all
//
WITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON
//
WITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON
//
WITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED:BOOL=OFF
// By default use bundled lz4 library
WITH_LZ4:STRING=bundled
// Enable memory sanitizer
WITH_MSAN:BOOL=OFF
//
WITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON
// Build additonal code(plugins) that is located in rapid directory
WITH_RAPID:BOOL=ON
//
WITH_SSL:STRING=system
// Have a built-in test protocol trace plugin in libmysql (requires WITH_CLIENT_PROTOCOL_TRACING option)
WITH_TEST_TRACE_PLUGIN:BOOL=OFF
// Enable undefined behavior sanitizer
WITH_UBSAN:BOOL=OFF
// Compile MySQL with unit tests
WITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=ON
// Valgrind instrumentation
WITH_VALGRIND:BOOL=OFF
//
WITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled
[root@MySQL mysql-5.7.31]#
3.安装bison
(1)开始安装bison
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# tar zxf bison-3.6.3.tar.gz
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# cd bison-3.6.3
[root@MySQL bison-3.6.3]# ./configure && make && make install
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
#内容过长，省略部分内容
checking for GNU M4 that supports accurate traces... configure: error: no acceptable m4 could be found in $PATH.
GNU M4 1.4.6 or later is required; 1.4.16 or newer is recommended.
GNU M4 1.4.15 uses a buggy replacement strstr on some systems.
Glibc 2.9 - 2.12 and GNU M4 1.4.11 - 1.4.15 have another strstr bug.
#报错内容：正在检查支持精确跟踪的GNU M4...配置:错误:在$PATH中找不到可接受的m4。
#需要GNU M4 1.4.6或更高版本；建议使用1.4.16或更新版本。
#GNU M4 1.4.15在某些系统上使用了一个有缺陷的替换strstr。
#Glibc 2.9 - 2.12和GNU M4 1.4.11 - 1.4.15还有另一个strstr错误。
[root@MySQL bison-3.6.3]#
(2)安装m4
[root@MySQL bison-3.6.3]# yum install m4
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
#内容过长，省略部分内容
Installed:
m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7
Complete!
#继续安装bison
[root@MySQL bison-3.6.3]# ./configure && make && make install
#内容过长，省略部分内容
make[3]: Leaving directory `/opt/mysql_install/bison-3.6.3'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/mysql_install/bison-3.6.3'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/mysql_install/bison-3.6.3'
[root@MySQL bison-3.6.3]#
4.安装ncurses
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# tar zxf ncurses-6.2.tar.gz
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# cd ncurses-6.2/
[root@MySQL ncurses-6.2]# ./configure && make && make install
#内容过长，省略部分内容
installing ./cursesw.h in /usr/include
installing ./cursslk.h in /usr/include
installing etip.h in /usr/include
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/mysql_install/ncurses-6.2/c++'
[root@MySQL ncurses-6.2]#
5.安装boost
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# tar zxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# ls
bison-3.6.3 boost_1_59_0 cmake-3.18.1 mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz ncurses-6.2.tar.gz
bison-3.6.3.tar.gz boost_1_59_0.tar.gz cmake-3.18.1.tar.gz ncurses-6.2
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost //移动目录并改名
[root@MySQL mysql_install]# cd /usr/local/boost
[root@MySQL boost]# ll
total 108
drwxr-xr-x 105 501 games 8192 Aug 12 2015 boost
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 850 Aug 11 2015 boost-build.jam
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 21920 Aug 11 2015 boostcpp.jam
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 989 Aug 11 2015 boost.css
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 6308 Aug 11 2015 boost.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 2477 Aug 11 2015 bootstrap.bat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 501 games 10631 Aug 11 2015 bootstrap.sh
drwx------ 7 501 games 84 Aug 12 2015 doc
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 769 Aug 11 2015 index.htm
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 5476 Aug 11 2015 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 291 Aug 11 2015 INSTALL
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 10779 Aug 11 2015 Jamroot
drwx------ 116 501 games 4096 Aug 12 2015 libs
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 1338 Aug 11 2015 LICENSE_1_0.txt
drwxr-xr-x 4 501 games 159 Aug 11 2015 more
-rw-r--r-- 1 501 games 2608 Aug 11 2015 rst.css
drwxr-xr-x 2 501 games 141 Aug 11 2015 status
drwxr-xr-x 10 501 games 190 Aug 11 2015 tools
[root@MySQL boost]#
6.创建mysql用户和用户组及目录
#新建mysql组和mysql用户，禁止登录shell
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false -M mysql
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql //创建目录
[root@MySQL cmake-3.18.1]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data //创建数据库目录
7.安装mysql
配置命令的解释
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql [MySQL安装的根目录]
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data [MySQL数据库文件存放目录]
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc [MySQL配置文件所在目录]
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加MYISAM引擎支持]
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加InnoDB引擎支持]
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [添加ARCHIVE引擎支持]
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock [指定mysql.sock位置]
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 [安装支持数据库分区〕
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all [使MySQL支持所有的扩展字符]
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 [设置MySQL的默认字符集为utf8]
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci [设置默认字符集校对规则]
-DWITH-SYSTEMD=1 [可以使用systemd 控制mysql服务]
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [指向boost库所在目录]
开始安装
#执行cmake命令进行编译前的配置
[root@MySQL mysql-5.7.31]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
local/boost
CMake Warning:
No source or binary directory provided. Both will be assumed to be the
same as the current working directory, but note that this warning will
become a fatal error in future CMake releases.
#内容过长，省略部分内容
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /opt/mysql_install/mysql-5.7.31
#开始编译、编译安装
[root@MySQL mysql-5.7.31]# make -j 4 && make install
#-j：参数表示根据CPU核数指定编译时的线程数，可以加快编译速度,默认为1个线程编译，后面的数字为逻辑线程数，不宜太多，一般为CPU的核心数目的两倍为宜。
#查看逻辑CPU个数：cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
#内容过长，省略部分内容
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/magic
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/share/aclocal/mysql.m4
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@MySQL mysql-5.7.31]#
8.查看MySQL的文件，并进行配置
[root@MySQL mysql-5.7.31]# cd /usr/local
[root@MySQL local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 70 Aug 13 11:56 bin
drwx------ 8 501 games 302 Aug 12 2015 boost
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 24 Aug 13 11:56 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 20 Aug 13 11:37 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 189 Aug 13 13:42 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 167 Aug 13 11:56 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src
[root@MySQL local]# cd mysql/
[root@MySQL mysql]# ll
total 296
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 13 13:41 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Aug 13 12:07 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 55 Aug 13 13:41 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 13 13:41 include
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 192 Aug 13 13:41 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 275393 Jun 2 19:05 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 30 Aug 13 13:41 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Aug 13 13:42 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 587 Jun 2 19:05 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 587 Jun 2 19:05 README-test
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Aug 13 13:42 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 90 Aug 13 13:42 support-files
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 17 Aug 13 13:41 usr
[root@MySQL mysql]# cd data/ //此时数据库时没有内容的
[root@MySQL data]# ll
total 0
[root@MySQL data]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ //mysql的相关命令
[root@MySQL bin]# ls
innochecksum mysql mysql_config_editor mysql_install_db mysqltest resolveip
lz4_decompress mysqladmin mysqld mysql_plugin mysqltest_embedded resolve_stack_dump
myisamchk mysqlbinlog mysqld_pre_systemd mysqlpump mysql_tzinfo_to_sql zlib_decompress
myisam_ftdump mysqlcheck mysqldump mysql_secure_installation mysql_upgrade
myisamlog mysql_client_test mysqldumpslow mysqlshow mysqlxtest
myisampack mysql_client_test_embedded mysql_embedded mysqlslap perror
my_print_defaults mysql_config mysqlimport mysql_ssl_rsa_setup replace
[root@MySQL bin]#
三、MySQL的配置
1.设置mysql文件的属主和属组
[root@MySQL data]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql //改所有者，注意是root
[root@MySQL data]#
2.mysql的初始化
(1)修改主配置文件
[root@MySQL data]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err
(2)MySQL路径的优化
在最后一行添加即可
[root@MySQL bin]# vim /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
fi
USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@MySQL bin]# . /etc/profile
[root@MySQL bin]#
(3)查看mysql的帮助
[root@MySQL bin]# mysqld --help
mysqld Ver 5.7.31 for Linux on x86_64 (Source distribution)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Starts the MySQL database server.
Usage: mysqld [OPTIONS]
For more help options (several pages), use mysqld --verbose --help.
[root@MySQL bin]# mysqld --verbose --help #查看全部帮助
#内容太长，部分内容省略
transaction-write-set-extraction OFF
updatable-views-with-limit YES
validate-user-plugins TRUE
verbose TRUE
wait-timeout 28800
To see what values a running MySQL server is using, type
'mysqladmin variables' instead of 'mysqld --verbose --help'.
[root@MySQL bin]# mysqld --verbose --help | grep initialize #过滤initialize的帮助
GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED may be initialized wrongly in two
--initialize Create the default database and exit. Create a super user
--initialize-insecure
initialize FALSE
initialize-insecure FALSE
[root@MySQL bin]#
(4)MySQL的初始化
# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
注 1：以 root 初始化操作时要加–user=mysql 参数，生成一个随机密码（注意保存登录时用）
注 2：MySQL 5.7.6 之前的版本执行这个脚本初始化系统数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# 5.7.6 之后版本初始系统数据库脚本（本文使用此方式初始化）
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@MySQL bin]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@MySQL bin]# cd ../data/
[root@MySQL data]# ll
total 110664
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 Aug 13 20:16 auto.cnf
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 Aug 13 20:16 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 Aug 13 20:16 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 Aug 13 20:16 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 Aug 13 20:16 client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 431 Aug 13 20:16 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 13 20:16 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 13 20:16 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 13 20:16 ib_logfile1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 13 20:16 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 880 Aug 13 20:16 mysql.err
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 Aug 13 20:16 performance_schema
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 Aug 13 20:16 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 Aug 13 20:16 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 Aug 13 20:16 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 Aug 13 20:16 server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 Aug 13 20:16 sys
[root@MySQL data]#
3.启动mysql脚本
(1)设置自启动
[root@MySQL data]# cd /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@MySQL system]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2056 Aug 13 12:29 mysqld.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2087 Aug 13 12:29 [email protected]
[root@MySQL system]# cp mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@MySQL system]# systemctl daemon-reload //重新加载
[root@MySQL system]# systemctl enable mysqld.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@MySQL system]# systemctl start mysqld.service
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@MySQL system]#
(2)修改配置文件
将PIDFile=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 修改为 PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
将–pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 修改为 --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
[root@MySQL system]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
#内容过长，省略部分内容
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid //修改
# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0
# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
# Needed to create system tables
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS //修改
# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 5000
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false
[root@MySQL system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@MySQL system]# ss -antlp | grep mysql
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=21434,fd=17))
[root@MySQL system]#
第二种方法：
若不修改配置文件，须将主配置文件的/etc/my.cnf的datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data修改为datadir=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
四、MySQL的使用
1.查找初始密码
[root@MySQL system]# grep 'password' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err
2020-08-13T12:16:56.484920Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: nZ/8kdj0ry7y
[root@MySQL system]#
2.登录
[root@MySQL system]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: //密码为nZ/8kdj0ry7y
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
#由于没有使用password模块，应用密码策略，此处可以设置简单密码，但是建议添加密码策略模块
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@MySQL system]#
3.使用MySQL
[root@MySQL system]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #密码为123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database mytest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mytest;
Database changed
mysql> create table test (id int primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
| test |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc test;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test (name) values ("zhang"),("wang"),("zhao");
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from test;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | zhang |
| 2 | wang |
| 3 | zhao |
+----+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
这只是我的一些浅薄的见解，望多指教！