Sentinel 2 Atmospheric Correction in Google Earth Engine（使用GEE进行哨兵2数据大气校正）

From and thanks to: github/samsammurphy/gee-atmcorr-S2

Import modules

and initialize Earth Engine

In [3]:

import ee
from Py6S import *
import datetime
import math
import os
import sys
sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()),'bin'))
from atmospheric import Atmospheric

ee.Initialize()

time and place

Define the time and place that you are looking for.

In [4]:

date = ee.Date('2017-01-01')
geom = ee.Geometry.Point(-157.816222, 21.297481)
geom = ee.Geometry.Point(12.670733, 41.826685)# ESRIN (ESA Earth Observation Centre)

an image

The following code will grab the first scene that occurs on or after date.

In [5]:

# The first Sentinel 2 image
S2 = ee.Image(
  ee.ImageCollection('COPERNICUS/S2')
    .filterBounds(geom)
    .filterDate(date,date.advance(3,'month'))
    .sort('system:time_start')
    .first()
  )

# top of atmosphere reflectance
toa = S2.divide(10000)

metadata

In [11]:

info = S2.getInfo()['properties']
scene_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(info['system:time_start']/1000)# i.e. Python uses seconds, EE uses milliseconds
solar_z = info['MEAN_SOLAR_ZENITH_ANGLE']

atmospheric constituents

In [12]:

h2o = Atmospheric.water(geom,date).getInfo()
o3 = Atmospheric.ozone(geom,date).getInfo()
aot = Atmospheric.aerosol(geom,date).getInfo()

target altitude (km)

In [13]:

SRTM = ee.Image('CGIAR/SRTM90_V4')# Shuttle Radar Topography mission covers *most* of the Earth
alt = SRTM.reduceRegion(reducer = ee.Reducer.mean(),geometry = geom.centroid()).get('elevation').getInfo()
km = alt/1000 # i.e. Py6S uses units of kilometers

6S object

The backbone of Py6S is the 6S (i.e. SixS) class. It allows you to define the various input parameters, to run the radiative transfer code and to access the outputs which are required to convert radiance to surface reflectance.

In [14]:

# Instantiate
s = SixS()

# Atmospheric constituents
s.atmos_profile = AtmosProfile.UserWaterAndOzone(h2o,o3)
s.aero_profile = AeroProfile.Continental
s.aot550 = aot

# Earth-Sun-satellite geometry
s.geometry = Geometry.User()
s.geometry.view_z = 0               # always NADIR (I think..)
s.geometry.solar_z = solar_z        # solar zenith angle
s.geometry.month = scene_date.month # month and day used for Earth-Sun distance
s.geometry.day = scene_date.day     # month and day used for Earth-Sun distance
s.altitudes.set_sensor_satellite_level()
s.altitudes.set_target_custom_altitude(km)

Spectral Response functions

Py6S uses the Wavelength class to handle the wavelength(s) associated with a given channel (a.k.a. waveband). This might be a single scalar value (e.g. a central wavelength) or, if known, possibly the spectral response function of the waveband. The Sentinel 2 spectral response functions are provided with Py6S (as well as those of a number of missions). For more details please see the docsor the (comment-rich) source code

In [15]:

def spectralResponseFunction(bandname):
    """
    Extract spectral response function for given band name
    """

    bandSelect = {
        'B1':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_01,
        'B2':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_02,
        'B3':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_03,
        'B4':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_04,
        'B5':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_05,
        'B6':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_06,
        'B7':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_07,
        'B7':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_07,
        'B8A':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_09,
        'B9':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_10,
        'B10':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_11,
        'B11':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_12,
        'B12':PredefinedWavelengths.S2A_MSI_13,
        }
    
    return Wavelength(bandSelect[bandname])

TOA Reflectance to Radiance

Sentinel 2 data is provided as top-of-atmosphere reflectance. Lets convert this to at-sensor radiance for the atmospheric correction.*

*You can atmospherically corrected directly from TOA reflectance. However, I suggest radiance for a couple of reasons. Firstly, it is more intuitive. Instead of spherical albedo (which I suspect is more of a mathematical convenience than a physical property) you can use solar irradiance, transmissivity, path radiance, etc. Secondly, Py6S seems to be more geared towards converting from radiance to SR

In [16]:

def toa_to_rad(bandname):
    """
    Converts top of atmosphere reflectance to at-sensor radiance
    """
    
    # solar exoatmospheric spectral irradiance
    ESUN = info['SOLAR_IRRADIANCE_'+bandname]
    solar_angle_correction = math.cos(math.radians(solar_z))
    
    # Earth-Sun distance (from day of year)
    doy = scene_date.timetuple().tm_yday
    d = 1 - 0.01672 * math.cos(0.9856 * (doy-4))# http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/177949/earth-sun-distance-on-a-given-day-of-the-year
   
    # conversion factor
    multiplier = ESUN*solar_angle_correction/(math.pi*d**2)

    # at-sensor radiance
    rad = toa.select(bandname).multiply(multiplier)
    
    return rad

Radiance to Surface Reflectance

Reflected sunlight can be described as follows (wavelength dependence is implied):

where L is at-sensor radiance,  is transmissivity,  is surface reflectance,  is direct solar irradiance,  is diffuse solar irradiance and  is path radiance. There are five unknowns in this equation, 4 atmospheric terms (, ,  and ) and surface reflectance. The 6S radiative transfer code is used to solve for the atmospheric terms, allowing us to solve for surface reflectance.

In [17]:

def surface_reflectance(bandname):
    """
    Calculate surface reflectance from at-sensor radiance given waveband name
    """
    
    # run 6S for this waveband
    s.wavelength = spectralResponseFunction(bandname)
    s.run()
    
    # extract 6S outputs
    Edir = s.outputs.direct_solar_irradiance             #direct solar irradiance
    Edif = s.outputs.diffuse_solar_irradiance            #diffuse solar irradiance
    Lp   = s.outputs.atmospheric_intrinsic_radiance      #path radiance
    absorb  = s.outputs.trans['global_gas'].upward       #absorption transmissivity
    scatter = s.outputs.trans['total_scattering'].upward #scattering transmissivity
    tau2 = absorb*scatter                                #total transmissivity
    
    # radiance to surface reflectance
    rad = toa_to_rad(bandname)
    ref = rad.subtract(Lp).multiply(math.pi).divide(tau2*(Edir+Edif))
    
    return ref

Atmospheric Correction

In [18]:

# original
# b = surface_reflectance('B2')
# g = surface_reflectance('B3')
# r = surface_reflectance('B4')
# rgb = r.addBands(g).addBands(b)

# all wavebands
output = S2.select('QA60')
for band in ['B1','B2','B3','B4','B5','B6','B7','B8','B8A','B9','B10','B11','B12']:
    print(band)
    output = output.addBands(surface_reflectance(band))

B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
 in ()
      9 for band in ['B1','B2','B3','B4','B5','B6','B7','B8','B8A','B9','B10','B11','B12']:
     10     print(band)
---> 11     output = output.addBands(surface_reflectance(band))
     12 

 in surface_reflectance(bandname)
      5 
      6     # run 6S for this waveband
----> 7     s.wavelength = spectralResponseFunction(bandname)
      8     s.run()
      9 

 in spectralResponseFunction(bandname)
     19         }
     20 
---> 21     return Wavelength(bandSelect[bandname])

KeyError: 'B8'

Display results

In [ ]:

from IPython.display import display, Image

region = geom.buffer(5000).bounds().getInfo()['coordinates']
channels = ['B4','B3','B2']

original = Image(url=toa.select(channels).getThumbUrl({
                'region':region,
                'min':0,
                'max':0.25
                }))

corrected = Image(url=ref.select(channels).getThumbUrl({
                'region':region,
                'min':0,
                'max':0.25
                }))

display(original, corrected)

Export to Asset

In [ ]:

# # set some properties for export
# dateString = scene_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
# ref = ref.set({'satellite':'Sentinel 2',
#               'fileID':info['system:index'],
#               'date':dateString,
#               'aerosol_optical_thickness':aot,
#               'water_vapour':h2o,
#               'ozone':o3})

In [ ]:

# define YOUR assetID 
# in my case it was something like this..
# assetID = 'users/samsammurphy/shared/sentinel2/6S/ESRIN_'+dateString

In [ ]:

# # export
# export = ee.batch.Export.image.toAsset(\
#     image=ref,
#     description='sentinel2_atmcorr_export',
#     assetId = assetID,
#     region = region,
#     scale = 30)

# # uncomment to run the export
# export.start()