代码Python入门（十、面向对象编程实战）
编写模块
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 简单游戏模块
class Player(object):
"""A player for a game."""
def __init__(self, name, score = 0):
self.name = name
self.score = score
def __str__(self): # 为该对象创建其字符串表示方式：当对象被打印时会显示这个字符串
rep = self.name + ":\t" + str(self.score)
return rep
def ask_yes_no(question):
"""Ask a yes or no question."""
response = None
while response not in ("y", "n"):
response = input(question).lower()
return response
def ask_number(question, low, high):
"""Ask for a number within a range."""
response = None
while response not in range(low, high):
response = int(input(question))
return response
if __name__ == "__main__": # 如果改程序是直接运行的，if语句条件为真。如果该文件是作为模块使用的，则为假。
print("You ran this module directly (and did not 'import' it).") # 告诉用户该文件应该被引用而不是直接运行
input("\n\nPress the Enter key to exit.")
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 卡牌游戏需要用到的基础类
class Card(object): # 该类基于object类 ，卡牌类
"""A playing card."""
RANKS = ["A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K"]
SUITS = ["c", "d", "h", "s"] # 花色
def __init__(self, rank, suit, face_up = True):
self.rank = rank
self.suit = suit
self.is_face_up = face_up # bool变量 卡牌是否面朝上
def __str__(self): # 为该对象创建其字符串表示方式：当对象被打印时会显示这个字符串
if self.is_face_up:
rep = self.rank + self.suit
else:
rep = "XX"
return rep
def flip(self): # 翻牌
self.is_face_up = not self.is_face_up
class Hand(object): # 手牌类
"""A hand of playing cards."""
def __init__(self):
self.cards = []
def __str__(self): # 为该对象创建其字符串表示方式：当对象被打印时会显示这个字符串
if self.cards:
rep = ""
for card in self.cards:
rep += str(card) + "\t"
else:
rep = ""
return rep
def clear(self): # 清牌
self.cards = []
def add(self, card): # 添牌
self.cards.append(card)
def give(self, card, other_hand): # 交换牌
self.cards.remove(card)
other_hand.add(card)
class Deck(Hand): # 副牌类， 继承Hand类
"""A deck of palying cards"""
def populate(self): # 创建一副牌
for suit in Card.SUITS:
for rank in Card.RANKS:
self.add(Card(rank, suit))
def shuffle(self): # 洗牌
import random
random.shuffle(self.cards)
def deal(self, hands, per_hand = 1): # 发牌 per_hand(玩家应得牌数)，hands(玩家列表)
for rounds in range(per_hand):
for hand in hands:
if self.cards:
top_card = self.cards[0]
self.give(top_card, hand)
else:
print("Can't continue deal. Out of cards!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("This is a module with classes for playing cards!")
input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.") 引入模块
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
卡牌游戏： 二十一点（blackjack）
玩法：
玩家根据点数来玩牌
每个玩家都希望总点数尽量接近21点而不爆掉
带数字的牌以其面值计算点数
A牌算作1点或11点（由玩家决定），J、Q、K则算作10点
计算机是庄家，同时跟1-7名玩家对垒。每轮牌局开始时，计算机给每位参与者（包括自己）发两张牌。玩家可以查看自己的全部牌，
程序会把玩家的总点数显示出来。但此时庄家的一张牌暂时是看不到的。
接下来，每位玩家都会得到一个继续拿牌的机会。每位玩家每次都只能要一张牌，想要多少次都可以。但是如果玩家的总点数超过了
21（即“爆掉”），玩家就输了。如果所有玩家都爆掉了，计算机就翻开它自己的第一张牌。本局结束。否则，赌局继续。只要计算机
的总点数小于17，那他就必须继续拿牌。如果计算机爆掉了，则所有没有爆掉的玩家就赢了；否则，每位没爆掉的玩家的总点数就会
拿来跟计算机的比。如果玩家的总点数大，则玩家赢。如果玩家的总点数小，则玩家输。如果两者的总点数相等，则玩家跟计算机握
手言和（平手）。
"""
import Games, Cards_Module # 引入模块
class BJ_Card(Cards_Module.Card): # 卡牌类， 继承Card类
"""A Blackjack Card."""
ACE_VALUE = 1 # "A"的值，默认为1
@property
def value(self): # 获取牌所对应的值
if self.is_face_up:
v = BJ_Card.RANKS.index(self.rank) + 1
if v > 10:
v = 10
else:
v = None
return v
class BJ_Deck(Cards_Module.Deck): # 副牌类， 继承Deck类
"""A Blackjack Deck."""
def populate(self): # 重写populate方法，允许BJ_Deck对象填入BJ_Card对象
for suit in BJ_Card.SUITS:
for rank in BJ_Card.RANKS:
self.cards.append(BJ_Card(rank, suit))
class BJ_Hand(Cards_Module.Hand): # 手牌类 ， 继承Hand类
""" A Blackjack Hand."""
def __init__(self, name): # 重写构造器，添加一个表示拥有者的name特性
super(BJ_Hand, self).__init__() # super(BJ_Hand,self)用于找到BJ_Hand的父类，也可以直接调用父类名
self.name = name
def __str__(self): # 重写该方法，使其可以显示这手牌的总点数
rep = self.name + ":\t" + super(BJ_Hand,self).__str__()
if self.total:
rep += "(" + str(self.total) + ")"
return rep
@property
def total(self):
# 如果当前这手牌中有一张牌的value为None,则total为None
for card in self.cards:
if not card.value:
return None
# 把牌的点数加起来，A的点数记为1
t = 0
for card in self.cards:
t += card.value
# 判断当前这手牌中有没有A
contains_ace = False
for card in self.cards:
if card.value == BJ_Card.ACE_VALUE:
contains_ace = True
# 如果有A且total够小，则将A记为11
if contains_ace and t <= 11:
# 因为已经为这张A加了1，所有这里只加10
t += 10
return t
def is_busted(self): # 判断是否爆掉
return self.total > 21
class BJ_Player(BJ_Hand): # 玩家类 继承BJ_Hand类
"""A Blackjack Player."""
def is_hitting(self): # 是否再次叫牌
response = Games.Player.ask_yes_no("\n" + self.name +", do you want a hit?(Y/N):")
return response == "y"
def bust(self): # 声明该玩家爆掉
print(self.name, "busts.")
self.lose()
def lose(self): # 声明玩家输了
print(self.name, "loses.")
def win(self): # 声明玩家赢了
print(self.name, "wins.")
def push(self): # 声明玩家平手
print(self.name, "pushes.")
class BJ_Dealer(BJ_Hand): # 庄家类 继承BJ_Hand类
"""A Blackjack Dealer."""
def is_hitting(self): # 总点数不足17必须叫牌
return self.total < 17
def bust(self): # 声明庄家爆掉
print(self.name, "busts.")
def flip_first_card(self): # 翻开庄家的第一张牌
first_card = self.cards[0]
first_card.flip()
class BJ_Game(object): # 21点游戏 类，用于创建一局游戏
"""A Blackjack Game."""
def __init__(self, names):
self.players = []
for name in names: # 玩家加入游戏
player = BJ_Player(name)
self.players.append(player)
self.dealer = BJ_Dealer("Dealer") # 创建庄家
self.deck = BJ_Deck() # 定义一副牌
self.deck.populate() # 构造一副牌
self.deck.shuffle() # 洗牌
@property
def still_playing(self): # 存活玩家列表
sp = []
for player in self.players:
if not player.is_busted():
sp.append(player)
return sp
def __additional_cards(self, player): # 向玩家或庄家加发一张牌
while not player.is_busted() and player.is_hitting():
self.deck.deal([player])
print(player)
if player.is_busted():
player.bust()
def play(self):
# 给每个人发两张牌
self.deck.deal(self.players + [self.dealer], per_hand=2)
self.dealer.flip_first_card() # 隐藏庄家的第一张牌
for player in self.players:
print(player)
print(self.dealer)
# 给所有玩家加牌
for player in self.players:
self.__additional_cards(player)
self.dealer.flip_first_card() # 翻开庄家的第一张牌
if not self.still_playing:
# 由于所有玩家都爆掉了，因此直接亮出庄家手中的牌即可
print(self.dealer)
else:
# 给庄家加牌
print(self.dealer)
self.__additional_cards(self.dealer)
if self.dealer.is_busted():
# 所有还在玩的玩家都获胜
for player in self.still_playing:
player.win()
else:
# 每位还在玩的玩家分别跟庄家比点数
for player in self.still_playing:
if player.total > self.dealer.total:
player.win()
elif player.total < self.dealer.total:
player.lose()
else:
player.push()
# 清空所有人手中的牌
for player in self.players:
player.clear()
self.players.clear()
def main():
print("\t\tWelcome to Blackjack!\n")
names = [] # 玩家列表
number = Games.Player.ask_number("How many players? (1-7):", low = 1, high = 8)
for i in range(number): # 添加玩家
name = input("Enter player name:")
names.append(name)
print()
game = BJ_Game(names) # 创建游戏
again = None
while again != "n":
game.play() # 开始游戏
again = Games.Player.ask_yes_no("\nDO you want to play again?:(Y/N)") # 再来一局？
# 程序主体
main()
input("\n\nPress the enter key to exit.")