前言
关于JavaMail发送邮件的代码，网上随便搜搜就可以找到，但是要么写得简单且没有注释解释，要么写得复杂又非常杂乱。由于项目需要，花了一段时间搜集网上各类案例，熟悉JavaMail邮件发送涉及的配置，取其精华去其糟粕。在功能测试正常可用的前提下，对代码的排版和注释进行梳理调整，提炼出符合自己要求的功能代码，现将它分享给大家，希望大家少走弯路，提高开发效率。代码测试过程出现的问题，请参看《JavaMail邮件发送成功但未收到邮件的问题及解决办法》和《使用geronimo-javamail_1.4发送邮件的有关说明》分析解决。
主要类及功能
1、EmailAuthenticator类：继承Authenticator类的账号密码验证器，主要用于创建邮件会话时调用。
2、EmailSendInfo类：邮件参数信息设置，参数包括账号、密码、SMTP服务器地址和服务端口等。
3、EmailSender类：电子邮件发送器，包含各种邮件发送方法，如文本形式、HTML形式和含附件形式等。
注：请到Oracle官网下载JavaMail的jar包，提供以下参考下载地址：
http://www.oracle.com/technet...
https://java.net/projects/jav...
EmailAuthenticator类
import javax.mail.*;
public class EmailAuthenticator extends Authenticator{
private String userName;
private String password;
public EmailAuthenticator(){}
public EmailAuthenticator(String username, String password) {
this.userName = username;
this.password = password;
}
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){
return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
EmailSendInfo类
import java.util.Properties;
public class EmailSendInfo {
// 发送邮件的服务器的IP和端口
private String mailServerHost;
private String mailServerPort = "25";
// 邮件发送者的地址
private String fromAddress;
// 邮件接收者的地址
private String toAddress;
// 登陆邮件发送服务器的用户名和密码
private String userName;
private String password;
// 是否需要身份验证
private boolean validate = false;
// 邮件主题
private String subject;
// 邮件的文本内容
private String content;
// 邮件附件的文件名
private String[] attachFileNames;
/**
* 获得邮件会话属性
*/
public Properties getProperties() {
Properties p = new Properties();
p.put("mail.smtp.host", this.mailServerHost);
p.put("mail.smtp.port", this.mailServerPort);
p.put("mail.smtp.auth", validate ? "true" : "false");
return p;
}
public String getMailServerHost() {
return mailServerHost;
}
public void setMailServerHost(String mailServerHost) {
this.mailServerHost = mailServerHost;
}
public String getMailServerPort() {
return mailServerPort;
}
public void setMailServerPort(String mailServerPort) {
this.mailServerPort = mailServerPort;
}
public boolean isValidate() {
return validate;
}
public void setValidate(boolean validate) {
this.validate = validate;
}
public String[] getAttachFileNames() {
return attachFileNames;
}
public void setAttachFileNames(String[] fileNames) {
this.attachFileNames = fileNames;
}
public String getFromAddress() {
return fromAddress;
}
public void setFromAddress(String fromAddress) {
this.fromAddress = fromAddress;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getToAddress() {
return toAddress;
}
public void setToAddress(String toAddress) {
this.toAddress = toAddress;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String textContent) {
this.content = textContent;
}
}
EmailSender类
为了方面大家阅读，我将EmailSender类的内容进行了拆分，测试使用只需要将下面内容组合就可。其中main方法中的部分参数信息需要自行设置，请勿直接粘贴测试。
import配置
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Address;
import javax.mail.BodyPart;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
用于测试的main方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
String fromaddr = "[email protected]";
String toaddr = "[email protected]";
// String title = "【测试标题】Testing Subject-myself-TEXT";
// String title = "【测试标题】Testing Subject-myself-HTML";
// String title = "【测试标题】Testing Subject-myself-eml文件";
String title = "【测试标题】Testing Subject-myself-eml文件_含多个附件";
String content = "【测试内容】Hello, this is sample for to check send email using JavaMailAPI ";
String port = "25";
String host = "smtp.sohu.com";
String userName = "[email protected]";
String password = "XXX";
EmailSendInfo mailInfo = new EmailSendInfo();
mailInfo.setMailServerHost(host);
mailInfo.setMailServerPort(port);
mailInfo.setValidate(true);
mailInfo.setUserName(userName);
mailInfo.setPassword(password);
mailInfo.setFromAddress(fromaddr);
mailInfo.setToAddress(toaddr);
mailInfo.setSubject(title);
mailInfo.setContent(content);
mailInfo.setAttachFileNames(new String[]{"file/XXX.jpg","file/XXX.txt"});
//发送文体格式邮件
// EmailSender.sendTextMail(mailInfo);
//发送html格式邮件
// EmailSender.sendHtmlMail(mailInfo);
//发送含附件的邮件
EmailSender.sendAttachmentMail(mailInfo);
//读取eml文件发送
// File emailFile = new File("file/EML_myself-eml.eml");
// File emailFile = new File("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含文本附件.eml");
// File emailFile = new File("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含图片附件.eml");
// File emailFile = new File("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含多个附件.eml");
// EmailSender.sendMail(mailInfo, emailFile);
}
以文本格式发送邮件
public static boolean sendTextMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo) {
boolean sendStatus = false;//发送状态
// 判断是否需要身份认证
EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
// 如果需要身份认证，则创建一个密码验证器
authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, authenticator);
//【调试时使用】开启Session的debug模式
sendMailSession.setDebug(true);
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
MimeMessage mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址，并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject(), "UTF-8");
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// 设置邮件消息的主要内容
String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent();
mailMessage.setText(mailContent, "UTF-8");
// mailMessage.saveChanges();
//生成邮件文件
createEmailFile("file/EML_myself-TEXT.eml", mailMessage);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
sendStatus = true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
LOG.error("以文本格式发送邮件出现异常", ex);
return sendStatus;
}
return sendStatus;
}
以HTML格式发送邮件
public static boolean sendHtmlMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo){
boolean sendStatus = false;//发送状态
// 判断是否需要身份认证
EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
//如果需要身份认证，则创建一个密码验证器
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(pro,authenticator);
//【调试时使用】开启Session的debug模式
sendMailSession.setDebug(true);
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址，并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
// Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject());
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// 设置邮件内容
mailMessage.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html;charset=utf-8");
//生成邮件文件
createEmailFile("file/EML_myself-HTML.eml", mailMessage);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
sendStatus = true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
LOG.error("以HTML格式发送邮件出现异常", ex);
return sendStatus;
}
return sendStatus;
}
读取eml文件后发送邮件
public static boolean sendMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo, File emailFile) {
boolean sendStatus = false;//发送状态
// 判断是否需要身份认证
EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
// 如果需要身份认证，则创建一个密码验证器
authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, authenticator);
//【调试时使用】开启Session的debug模式
sendMailSession.setDebug(true);
try {
InputStream source = new FileInputStream(emailFile);
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession, source);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
//【重要】关闭输入流，否则会导致文件无法移动或删除
source.close();
sendStatus = true;
} catch (MessagingException e) {
LOG.error("以文本格式发送邮件出现异常", e);
return sendStatus;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
LOG.error("FileNotFoundException", e);
return sendStatus;
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("Exception", e);
return sendStatus;
}
return sendStatus;
}
以含附件形式发送邮件
public static boolean sendAttachmentMail(EmailSendInfo mailInfo) {
boolean sendStatus = false;//发送状态
// 判断是否需要身份认证
EmailAuthenticator authenticator = null;
Properties pro = mailInfo.getProperties();
if (mailInfo.isValidate()) {
// 如果需要身份认证，则创建一个密码验证器
authenticator = new EmailAuthenticator(mailInfo.getUserName(), mailInfo.getPassword());
}
// 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session
Session sendMailSession = Session.getInstance(pro, authenticator);
//【调试时使用】开启Session的debug模式
sendMailSession.setDebug(true);
try {
// 根据session创建一个邮件消息
MimeMessage mailMessage = new MimeMessage(sendMailSession);
// 创建邮件发送者地址
Address from = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getFromAddress());
// 设置邮件消息的发送者
mailMessage.setFrom(from);
// 创建邮件的接收者地址，并设置到邮件消息中
Address to = new InternetAddress(mailInfo.getToAddress());
mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,to);
// 设置邮件消息的主题
mailMessage.setSubject(mailInfo.getSubject(), "UTF-8");
// 设置邮件消息发送的时间
mailMessage.setSentDate(new Date());
// 设置邮件消息的主要内容
String mailContent = mailInfo.getContent();
// MiniMultipart类是一个容器类，包含MimeBodyPart类型的对象
Multipart mainPart = new MimeMultipart();
// 创建一个包含HTML内容的MimeBodyPart
BodyPart bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
//设置TEXT内容
// bodyPart.setText(mailInfo.getContent());
// 设置HTML内容
bodyPart.setContent(mailInfo.getContent(), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
mainPart.addBodyPart(bodyPart);
//设置附件
String[] filenames = mailInfo.getAttachFileNames();
for (int i = 0; i < filenames.length; i++) {
// Part two is attachment
bodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = filenames[i];//1.txt/sohu_mail.jpg
// DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
FileDataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
bodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
bodyPart.setFileName(source.getName());
mainPart.addBodyPart(bodyPart);
}
// 将MiniMultipart对象设置为邮件内容
mailMessage.setContent(mainPart);
//生成邮件文件
createEmailFile("file/EML_reademl-eml文件_含多个附件.eml", mailMessage);
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(mailMessage);
sendStatus = true;
} catch (MessagingException ex) {
LOG.error("以文本格式发送邮件出现异常", ex);
return sendStatus;
}
return sendStatus;
}
生成邮件文件
public static void createEmailFile(String fileName, Message mailMessage)
throws MessagingException {
File f = new File(fileName);
try {
mailMessage.writeTo(new FileOutputStream(f));
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.error("IOException", e);
}
}