“说一下深拷贝与浅拷贝”
答：
1. 浅拷贝
拷贝对象和原始对象的引用类型引用同一个对象。
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。换言之，浅拷贝仅仅复制所拷贝的对象，而不复制它所引用的对象。
public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
teacher.setName("Delacey");
teacher.setAge(29);
Student2 student1 = new Student2();
student1.setName("Dream");
student1.setAge(18);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student2 student2 = (Student2) student1.clone();
System.out.println("拷贝后");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("Jam");
System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student2 implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object object = super.clone();
return object;
}
}
输出结果：
拷贝后
Dream
18
Delacey
29
修改老师的信息后-------------
Jam
Jam
结果分析： 两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象，但是两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是同一个对象，所以说明是浅拷贝。
2. 深拷贝
拷贝对象和原始对象的引用类型引用不同对象。
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，除去那些引用其他对象的变量。那些引用其他对象的变量将指向被复制过的新对象，而不再是原有的那些被引用的对象。换言之，深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍
public class DeepCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Teacher2 teacher = new Teacher2();
teacher.setName("Delacey");
teacher.setAge(29);
Student3 student1 = new Student3();
student1.setName("Dream");
student1.setAge(18);
student1.setTeacher(teacher);
Student3 student2 = (Student3) student1.clone();
System.out.println("拷贝后");
System.out.println(student2.getName());
System.out.println(student2.getAge());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");
// 修改老师的信息
teacher.setName("Jam");
System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher2 implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
class Student3 implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher2 teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher2 getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher2 teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// 浅复制时：
// Object object = super.clone();
// return object;
// 改为深复制：
Student3 student = (Student3) super.clone();
// 本来是浅复制，现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
student.setTeacher((Teacher2) student.getTeacher().clone());
return student;
}
}
输出结果：
拷贝后
Dream
18
Delacey
29
修改老师的信息后-------------
Jam
Delacey
结果分析：
两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象，两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是两个对象，但对teacher对象的修改只能影响student1对象,所以说是深拷贝。
利用序列化实现深拷贝
public class DeepCopyServiable {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Teacher3 t = new Teacher3();
t.setName("Taylor");
t.setAge(28);
Student3 s1 = new Student3();
s1.setAge(20);
s1.setName("blank space");
s1.setTeacher(t);
Student3 s2 = (Student3) s1.deepClone();
System.out.println("拷贝后:");
System.out.println(s2.getName());
System.out.println(s2.getAge());
System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getAge());
System.out.println("---------------------------");
t.setName("swift");
System.out.println("修改后：");
System.out.println(s1.getTeacher().getName());
System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
class Teacher3 implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
class Student3 implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Teacher3 teacher;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Teacher3 getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher3 teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public Object deepClone() throws Exception {
// 序列化
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(this);
// 反序列化
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
return ois.readObject();
}
}
输出结果：
拷贝后:
blank space
20
Taylor
28
---------------------------
修改后：
swift
Taylor
结果分析：说明用序列化的方式实现了对象的深拷贝
题外：
引用拷贝与对象拷贝
-
引用拷贝
创建一个指向对象的引用变量的拷贝。
Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Taylor",26); Teacher otherteacher = teacher; System.out.println(teacher); System.out.println(otherteacher);输出结果：
blog.Teacher@355da254 blog.Teacher@355da254结果分析：由输出结果可以看出，它们的地址值是相同的，那么它们肯定是同一个对象。teacher和otherteacher的只是引用而已，他们都指向了一个相同的对象Teacher(“Taylor”,26)。 这就叫做引用拷贝。
-
对象拷贝
创建对象本身的一个副本。
Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Swift",26); Teacher otherteacher = (Teacher)teacher.clone(); System.out.println(teacher); System.out.println(otherteacher);输出结果:
blog.Teacher@355da254 blog.Teacher@4dc63996结果分析：由输出结果可以看出，它们的地址是不同的，也就是说创建了新的对象， 而不是把原对象的地址赋给了一个新的引用变量,这就叫做对象拷贝。
深拷贝和浅拷贝都是对象拷贝
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/baiye_xing/article/details/71788741
clone() 的替代方案
使用 clone() 方法来拷贝一个对象即复杂又有风险，它会抛出异常，并且还需要类型转换。Effective Java 书上讲到，最好不要去使用 clone()，可以使用拷贝构造函数或者拷贝工厂来拷贝一个对象。
浅拷贝
public class ShallowCloneExample implements Cloneable {
private int[] arr;
public ShallowCloneExample() {
arr = new int[10];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = i;
}
}
public void set(int index, int value) {
arr[index] = value;
}
public int get(int index) {
return arr[index];
}
@Override
protected ShallowCloneExample clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return (ShallowCloneExample) super.clone();
}
}
ShallowCloneExample e1 = new ShallowCloneExample();
ShallowCloneExample e2 = null;
try {
e2 = e1.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
e1.set(2, 222);
System.out.println(e2.get(2)); // 222
深拷贝
public class DeepCloneExample implements Cloneable {
private int[] arr;
public DeepCloneExample() {
arr = new int[10];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = i;
}
}
public void set(int index, int value) {
arr[index] = value;
}
public int get(int index) {
return arr[index];
}
@Override
protected DeepCloneExample clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
DeepCloneExample result = (DeepCloneExample) super.clone();
result.arr = new int[arr.length];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
result.arr[i] = arr[i];
}
return result;
}
}
DeepCloneExample e1 = new DeepCloneExample();
DeepCloneExample e2 = null;
try {
e2 = e1.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
e1.set(2, 222);
System.out.println(e2.get(2)); // 2
替代方案
public class CloneConstructorExample {
private int[] arr;
public CloneConstructorExample() {
arr = new int[10];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = i;
}
}
public CloneConstructorExample(CloneConstructorExample original) {
arr = new int[original.arr.length];
for (int i = 0; i < original.arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = original.arr[i];
}
}
public void set(int index, int value) {
arr[index] = value;
}
public int get(int index) {
return arr[index];
}
}
CloneConstructorExample e1 = new CloneConstructorExample();
CloneConstructorExample e2 = new CloneConstructorExample(e1);
e1.set(2, 222);
System.out.println(e2.get(2)); // 2
如何实现对象克隆？
有两种方式：
- 实现
Cloneable接口并重写 Object 类中的clone()方法； - 实现
Serializable接口，通过对象的序列化和反序列化实现克隆，可以实现真正的深度克隆。
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