基于Python和Xtrbackup的自动化备份与还原实现!

 xtrabackup是一个MySQL备份还原的常用工具,实际使用过程应该都是shell或者Python封装的自动化脚本,尤其是备份。

对还原来说,对于基于完整和增量备份的还原,还原差异备份需要指定增量备份等等一系列容易出错的手工操作,以及binlog的还原等,如果纯手工操作的话非常麻烦。

即便是你记性非常好,对xtrabackup非常熟悉,纯手工操作的话,非常容易出错,其实也上网找过,还原没有发现太好用的自动化还原脚本。

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于是就自己用Python封装了xtrabackup备份和还原的过程,可以做到自动化备份,基于时间点的自动化还原等等。

需要对xtrabackup有一定的了解,包括流式备份,压缩备份,Xtrabackup还原,mysqlbinlog还原等等。

备份

1,基于xtrabackup的流式压缩备份。

2,周六/或者任意时间的第一次备份为完整备份,其他时间为基于上一次备份的增量备份。

3,将备份开始时间,结束时间,备份路径等信息写入一个日志文件,方便后续自动化还原的时候解析。

效果如下:不管是什么时候,第一次必须为完整备份,然后根据上述规则,继续执行备份的话为基于最新一次备份的增量备份,每备份完成后生成修改备份日志列表信息。

 

 

 

 

 

实现:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os

import time

import datetime

import sys

import socket

import shutil

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO

#handlers={logging.FileHandler(filename='backup_log_info.log', mode='a', encoding='utf-8')}

)

host = "127.0.0.1"

port = "7000"

user = "root"

password = "root"

cnf_file = "/usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/etc/my.cnf"

backup_dir = "/usr/local/backupdata"

backupfilelist = os.path.join(backup_dir,"backupfilelist.log")

backup_keep_days = 15

#获取备份类型,周六进行完备,平时增量备份,如果没有全备,执行完整备份

def get_backup_type():

backup_type = None

if os.path.exists(backupfilelist):

with open(backupfilelist, 'r') as f:

lines = f.readlines()

if(lines):

last_line = lines[-1] #get last backup name

if(last_line):

if(time.localtime().tm_wday==6):

backup_type = "full"

else:

backup_type = "incr"

else:

backup_type = "full"

else:

backup_type = "full"

else:

#full backup when first backup

open(backupfilelist, "a").close()

backup_type = "full"

return backup_type

#获取最后一次备份信息

def get_last_backup():

last_backup = None

if os.path.exists(backupfilelist):

with open(backupfilelist, 'r') as f:

lines = f.readlines()

last_line = lines[-1] # get last backup name

if (last_line):

last_backup = os.path.join(backup_dir, last_line.split("|")[-1])

return last_backup.replace("\n","")

#探测实例端口号

def get_mysqlservice_status():

mysql_stat = 0

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

result = s.connect_ex((host, int(port)))

#port os open

if (result == 0):

mysql_stat = 1

return mysql_stat

#清理过期的历史备份信息

def clean_expired_file():

for backup_name in os.listdir(backup_dir):

if os.path.isdir(backup_name):

bak_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(backup_name.replace("_full","").replace("_incr",""), '%Y%m%d%H%M%S')

if(bak_datetime

shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(backup_dir, backup_name))

#完整备份

def full_backup(backup_file_name):

os.system("[ ! -d {0}/{1} ] && mkdir -p {0}/{1}".format(backup_dir,backup_file_name))

logfile = os.path.join(backup_dir, "{0}/{1}/backuplog.log".format(backup_dir,backup_file_name))

backup_commond = ''' innobackupex --defaults-file={0} --no-lock {1}/{6} --user={2} --password={3} --host="{4}" --port={5} --tmpdir={1}/{6} --stream=xbstream --compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --extra-lsndir={1}/{6} > {1}/{6}/{6}.xbstream 2>{7} '''.\

format(cnf_file,backup_dir,user,password,host,port,backup_file_name,logfile)

execute_result = os.system(backup_commond)

return execute_result

#增量备份

def incr_backup(backup_file_name):

os.system("[ ! -d {0}/{1} ] && mkdir -p {0}/{1}".format(backup_dir, backup_file_name))

current_backup_dir = "{0}/{1}".format(backup_dir, backup_file_name)

logfile = os.path.join(backup_dir, "{0}/{1}/backuplog.log".format(backup_dir, backup_file_name))

#增量备份基于上一个增量/完整备份

incremental_basedir = get_last_backup()

backup_commond = '''innobackupex --defaults-file={0} --no-lock {6} --user={2} --password={3} --host={4} --port={5} --stream=xbstream --tmpdir={6} --compress --compress-threads=8 --parallel=4 --extra-lsndir={6} --incremental --incremental-basedir={7} 2> {8} > {6}/{9}.xbstream '''\

.format(cnf_file,backup_dir,user,password,host,port,current_backup_dir,incremental_basedir,logfile,backup_file_name)

# print(backup_commond)

execute_result = os.system(backup_commond)

return execute_result

#刷新binlog,意义不大,原本计划在完整备份之后执行一个binlog的切换,暂时弃用

def flush_log():

flush_log_commond = ''' mysql -h${0} -u${1} - p${2} -P${1} mysql - e"flush logs" '''.format(user,password,host,port)

os.system(flush_log_commond)

if __name__ == '__main__':

mysql_stat = get_mysqlservice_status()

backup_type = get_backup_type()

if mysql_stat <= 0 :

logging.info("mysql instance is inactive,backup exit")

sys.exit(1)

try:

start_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%_H%M%S')

logging.info(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')+"--------start backup")

#flush_log()

backup_file_name = start_time

execute_result = None

if(backup_type == "full"):

backup_file_name = backup_file_name+"_full"

logging.info("execute full backup......")

execute_result = full_backup(backup_file_name)

if (execute_result == 0):

logging.info(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + "--------begin cleanup history backup")

logging.info("execute cleanup backup history......")

clean_expired_file()

logging.info(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + "--------finsh cleanup history backup")

else:

backup_file_name = backup_file_name + "_incr"

logging.info("execute incr backup......")

execute_result = incr_backup(backup_file_name)

if(execute_result==0):

finish_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%_H%M%S')

backup_info = start_time+"|"+finish_time+"|"+start_time+ "_" + backup_type

with open(backupfilelist, 'a+') as f:

f.write(backup_info + '\n')

logging.info(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')+"--------finish backup")

else:

logging.info(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + "--------xtrabackup failed.please check log")

except:

raise

sys.exit(1)

还原

说直白一点,以这里的基于时间点或者是position的还原,就是一个不断找文件的过程,

1,首先任何还原,都需要一个创建于还原点前的完整备份。

2,基于上述完整备份,利用还原的时间点与xtrbackup的备份日志去做对比来获取所需的增量备份(0个或者1个或者多个)。

3,基于上面两步找到的(完整+增量)备份,利用最后一个备份的position,用于第一个binlog还原时指定start-position,

同时利用binlog的最后修改时间与还原的时间点对比,决定使用那些binlog,同时最后一个binlog要指定stop-datime= 还原的时间点

 

 

 

 

 

1,如何还原时间点的最新的一个完整备份

备份的时候维护一个备份信息,如下,这里是backfilelist.log,包括备份开始时间,结束时间,备份类型,备份路径等。

可以根据备份开始时间,找到第一个早于还原时间点的完整备份

2,如果找到恢复所需要的差异备份

同1,从完整备份开始,依次向后找各个增量备份,直到最后一个早于还原时间点的差异备份,可能有一个或者多个

3,如何找到差异备份之后,需要哪些binlog

基于binlog文件自身的最后修改时间属性信息,从2中找到的最后一个差异备份的时间,开始向后依次找binlog,可能有一个或者多个

自动还原demo

如下是一个基于时间点来还原数据库的demo,没写入两条数据,执行一次备份(上述备份会自动区分完整备份或者差异备份)

三次备份之后,继续写两条数据,flush logs,然后继续分两次分别写两条数据,目的是将数据分散到不同的binlog中,最后删除全部数据

然后基于删除数据之前的时间点来自动生成还原数据库的shell,执行shell即可达到还原数据库的目的。

 

 

 

 

 

如下执行基于时间点的rextrabackup.py文件之后,时间点为"2019-08-01 18:50:59",也就是发生删除操作的前一个时间点,来生成的还原信息。

其实只需要重定向到一个shell文件中,执行shell文件即可自动化还原,或者直接在python脚本中执行这些命令,即可自动化完成还原操作。

这里为了显示,打印了出来。

可以发现,基于时间点的还原,找到的文件是预期的:

1个完整备份,2个增量备份,2个binlog日志中的一部分数据,

其中binlog日志还原的start-position成功地衔接到最后一个增量备份的position,同时最后一个binlog日志的还原停留在指定的时间点。

自动生成的shell还原代码

################uncompress backup file###################

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /temp/restoretmp/20190801184134_full

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /temp/restoretmp/20190801184134_full --incremental-dir=/temp/restoretmp/20190801184335_inc

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /temp/restoretmp/20190801184134_full --incremental-dir=/temp/restoretmp/20190801184518_inc

innobackupex --apply-log /temp/restoretmp/20190801184134_full

################stop mysql service###################

systemctl stop mysqld_7000

####################backup current database file###########################

mv /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/data /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/data_20190801185855

mkdir /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/data

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/data

################restore backup data###################

innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/etc/my.cnf --copy-back --rsync /temp/restoretmp/20190801184134_full

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/data

################stop mysql service###################

systemctl start mysqld_7000

################restore data from binlog###################

cd /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/log/bin_log

mysqlbinlog mysql_bin_1300.000001 --skip-gtids=true --start-position=982 | mysql mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P7000

mysqlbinlog mysql_bin_1300.000002 --skip-gtids=true --stop-datetime="2019-08-01 18:50:59" | mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P7000

日志信息

 

 

 

 

 

实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os

import time

import datetime

import sys

import socket

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO

#handlers={logging.FileHandler(filename='restore_log_info.log', mode='a', encoding='utf-8')}

)

host = "127.0.0.1"

port = "7000"

user = "root"

password = "root"

instance_name = "mysqld_7000"

stop_at = "2019-08-01 18:50:59"

cnf_file = "/usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql7000/etc/my.cnf"

backup_dir = "/usr/local/backupdata/"

dest_dir = "/temp/restoretmp/"

xtrabackuplog_name = "backuplog.log"

backupfilelist = os.path.join(backup_dir,"backupfilelist.log")

#根据key值,获取MySQL配置文件中的value

def get_config_value(key):

value = None

if not key:

return value

if os.path.exists(cnf_file):

with open(cnf_file, 'r') as f:

for line in f:

if (line.split("=")[0]):

if(line[0:1]!="#" and line[0:1]!="["):

if (key==line.split("=")[0].strip()):

value =line.split("=")[1].strip()

return value

def stop_mysql_service():

print("################stop mysql service###################")

print("systemctl stop {}".format(instance_name))

def start_mysql_service():

print("################stop mysql service###################")

print("systemctl start {0}".format(instance_name))

#返回备份日志中的最新的一个早于stop_at时间的完整备份,以及其后面的增量备份

def get_restorefile_list():

list_backup = []

list_restore_file = []

if os.path.exists(backupfilelist):

with open(backupfilelist, 'r') as f:

lines = f.readlines()

for line in lines:

list_backup.append(line.replace("\n",""))

if (list_backup):

for i in range(len(list_backup) - 1, -1, -1):

list_restore_file.append(list_backup[i])

backup_name = list_backup[i].split("|")[2]

if "full" in backup_name:

full_backup_time = list_backup[i].split("|")[1]

if(stop_at

break

else:

list_restore_file = None

#restore file in the list_restore_log

list_restore_file.reverse()

return list_restore_file

#解压缩需要还原的备份文件,包括一个完整备份以及N个增量备份(N>=0)

def uncompress_backup_file():

print("################uncompress backup file###################")

list_restore_backup = get_restorefile_list()

#如果没有生成时间早于stop_at的完整备份,无法恢复,退出

if not list_restore_backup:

raise("There is no backup that can be restored")

exit(1)

for restore_log in list_restore_backup:

#解压备份文件

backup_name = restore_log.split("|")[2]

backup_path = restore_log.split("|")[2]

backup_full_name = os.path.join(backup_dir,backup_path,backup_name)

backup_path = os.path.join(backup_dir,restore_log.split("|")[-1])

#print('''[ ! -d {0} ] && mkdir -p {0}'''.format(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

os.system('''[ ! -d {0} ] && mkdir -p {0}'''.format(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

#print("xbstream -x < {0}.xbstream -C {1}".format(backup_full_name,os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

os.system("xbstream -x < {0}.xbstream -C {1}".format(backup_full_name,os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

#print("cd {0}".format(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

os.system("cd {0}".format(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

#print('''for f in `find {0}/ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT4 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done '''.format(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

os.system('''for f in `find {0}/ -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -dT4 $f $(dirname $f) && rm -f $f; done'''.format(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name)))

current_backup_begin_time = None

current_backup_end_time = None

#比较当前备份的结束时间和stop_at,如果当前备份开始时间小于stop_at并且结束时间大于stop_at,解压缩备份结束

with open(os.path.join(dest_dir,backup_name,"xtrabackup_info"), 'r') as f:

for line in f:

if line and line.split("=")[0].strip()=="start_time":

current_backup_begin_time = line.split("=")[1].strip()

if line and line.split("=")[0].strip()=="end_time":

current_backup_end_time = line.split("=")[1].strip()

#按照stop_at时间点还原的最后一个数据库备份,结束从第一个完整备份开始的解压过程

if current_backup_begin_time<=stop_at<=current_backup_end_time:

break

#返回最后一个备份文件,需要备份文件中的xtrabackup_info,解析出当前备份的end_time,从而确认需要哪些binlog

return backup_name

#根据返回最后一个备份文件,需要备份文件中的xtrabackup_info,结合stop_at,确认需要还原的binlog文件,以及binlog的position信息

def restore_database_binlog(last_backup_file):

print("################restore data from binlog###################")

binlog_dir = get_config_value("log-bin")

if not (backup_dir):

binlog_dir = get_config_value("log_bin")

print("cd {0}".format(os.path.dirname(binlog_dir)))

last_backup_file =os.path.join(dest_dir,last_backup_file,"xtrabackup_info")

#parse backuplog.log and get binlog name and position

backup_position_binlog_file = None

backup_position = None

with open(last_backup_file, 'r') as f:

lines = f.readlines()

for line in lines:

if "binlog_pos = filename " in line:

backup_position_binlog_file = line.replace("binlog_pos = filename ", "").split(",")[0]

backup_position_binlog_file = backup_position_binlog_file.replace("'", "")

backup_position = line.replace("binlog_pos = filename ", "").split(",")[1].strip()

backup_position = backup_position.split(" ")[1].replace("'", "")

pass

else:

continue

# /usr/local/mysql57_data/mysql8000/log/bin_log/mysql_bin_1300

binlog_config = get_config_value("log-bin")

binlog_path = os.path.dirname(binlog_config)

binlog_files = os.listdir(binlog_path)

#如果没有找到binlog,忽略binlog的还原

if not binlog_files:

exit(1)

#对binlog文件排序,按顺序遍历binlog,获取binlog的最后的修改时间,与stop_at做对比,判断还原的过程是否需要某个binlogfile

binlog_files.sort()

binlog_files_for_restore = []

# 恢复数据库的指定时间点

stop_at_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(stop_at, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

for binlog in binlog_files:

if (".index" in binlog or "relay" in binlog):

continue

#保留最后一个备份中的binlog,以及其后面的binlog,这部分binlog会在还原的时候用到

if (int(binlog.split(".")[-1]) >= int(backup_position_binlog_file.split(".")[-1])):

binlog_files_for_restore.append(binlog)

binlog_file_count = 0

#第一个文件,从上最后一个差异备份的position位置开始,最后一个文件,需要stop_at到指定的时间

for binlog in binlog_files_for_restore:

if not os.path.isdir(binlog):

#binlog物理文件的最后修改时间

binlog_file_updatetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(os.stat(binlog_path+"/"+binlog).st_mtime)),'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

#判断binlog的生成时间,是否大于stop_at,对于修改时间大于stop_at的日志,需要全部还原,不需要stop_at指定截止点

if stop_at_time > binlog_file_updatetime :

if (binlog_file_count < 1):

if (len(binlog_files_for_restore) == 1):

# 找到差异备份之后的第一个binlog,需要根据差异备份的position,来过来第一个binlog文件

restore_commond = '''mysqlbinlog {0} --skip-gtids=true --start-position={1} --stop-datetime="{2}" | mysql mysql -h{3} -u{4} -p{5} -P{6}''' \

.format(binlog, backup_position, stop_at, host, user, password, port)

print(restore_commond)

binlog_file_count = binlog_file_count + 1

else:

# 找到差异备份之后的第一个binlog,需要根据差异备份的position,来过来第一个binlog文件

restore_commond = '''mysqlbinlog {0} --skip-gtids=true --start-position={1} | mysql mysql -h{2} -u{3} -p{4} -P{5}''' \

.format(binlog, backup_position, host, user, password, port)

print(restore_commond)

binlog_file_count = binlog_file_count + 1

else:

# 从第二个文件开始,binlog需要全部还原

restore_commond = '''mysqlbinlog {0} --skip-gtids=true | mysql mysql -h{1} -u{2} -p{3} -P{4}''' \

.format(binlog, host, user, password, port)

print(restore_commond)

binlog_file_count = binlog_file_count + 1

else:

if (binlog_file_count < 1):

restore_commond = '''mysqlbinlog {0} --skip-gtids=true --start-position={1} --stop-datetime={2} | mysql -h{3} -u{4} -p{5} -P{6}'''.format(binlog, backup_position,stop_at,host,user,password,port)

print(restore_commond)

binlog_file_count = binlog_file_count + 1

else:

if (binlog_file_count >= 1):

restore_commond = '''mysqlbinlog {0} --skip-gtids=true --stop-datetime="{1}" | mysql -h{2} -u{3} -p{4} -P{5}'''.format(binlog, stop_at,host,user,password,port)

print(restore_commond)

binlog_file_count = binlog_file_count + 1

break

def apply_log_for_backup():

list_restore_backup = get_restorefile_list()

start_flag = 1

full_backup_path = None

for current_backup_file in list_restore_backup:

#解压备份文件

current_backup_name = current_backup_file.split("|")[2]

current_backup_fullname = os.path.join(dest_dir, current_backup_name)

if(start_flag==1):

full_backup_path = current_backup_fullname

start_flag = 0

print("innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only {0}".format(full_backup_path))

else:

print("innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only {0} --incremental-dir={1}".format(full_backup_path,current_backup_fullname))

#apply_log for full backup at last(remove --read-only parameter)

print("innobackupex --apply-log {0}".format(full_backup_path))

def restore_backup_data():

print("####################backup current database file###########################")

datadir_path = get_config_value("datadir")

print("mv {0} {1}".format(datadir_path,datadir_path+"_"+ datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')))

print("mkdir {0}".format(datadir_path))

print("chown -R mysql.mysql {0}".format(datadir_path))

print("################restore backup data###################")

list_restore_backup = get_restorefile_list()

full_restore_path= dest_dir + list_restore_backup[0].split("|")[-1].replace(".xbstream","")

print("innobackupex --defaults-file={0} --copy-back --rsync {1}".format(cnf_file,full_restore_path))

print("chown -R mysql.mysql {0}".format(datadir_path))

def restore_database():

#解压缩需要还原的备份文件

last_backup_file_path = uncompress_backup_file()

#对备份文件apply-log

apply_log_for_backup()

#停止mysql服务

stop_mysql_service()

#恢复备份

restore_backup_data()

#启动MySQL服务

start_mysql_service()

#从binlog中恢复数据

restore_database_binlog(last_backup_file_path)

if __name__ == '__main__':

restore_database()

最后不要忘了清理战场:

1,解压缩的备份文件还留在指定的路径中,

2,还原之前备份的data文件,以data_日期命名的文件,也没有清理

挤时间写出来的,粗略测了一下没有问题,以实现功能为主,没有进一步封装,后续会以此为基础进行优化。

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