POJ2976 - Dropping tests - 二分+01分数规划+思维

1.题目描述：

Dropping tests

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 11338		Accepted: 3947

Description

In a certain course, you take n tests. If you get a_i out of b_i questions correct on test i, your cumulative average is defined to be

.

Given your test scores and a positive integer k, determine how high you can make your cumulative average if you are allowed to drop any k of your test scores.

Suppose you take 3 tests with scores of 5/5, 0/1, and 2/6. Without dropping any tests, your cumulative average is . However, if you drop the third test, your cumulative average becomes .

Input

The input test file will contain multiple test cases, each containing exactly three lines. The first line contains two integers, 1 ≤ n ≤ 1000 and 0 ≤ k < n. The second line contains n integers indicating a_i for all i. The third line contains n positive integers indicating b_i for all i. It is guaranteed that 0 ≤ a_i ≤ b_i ≤ 1, 000, 000, 000. The end-of-file is marked by a test case with n = k = 0 and should not be processed.

Output

For each test case, write a single line with the highest cumulative average possible after dropping k of the given test scores. The average should be rounded to the nearest integer.

Sample Input

3 1
5 0 2
5 1 6
4 2
1 2 7 9
5 6 7 9
0 0

Sample Output

83
100

Hint

To avoid ambiguities due to rounding errors, the judge tests have been constructed so that all answers are at least 0.001 away from a decision boundary (i.e., you can assume that the average is never 83.4997).

Source

Stanford Local 2005

2.题意概述：

给定n个二元组(a,b)，扔掉k个二元组，使得剩下的a元素之和与b元素之和的比率最大。题目求的是 max(∑a[i] * x[i] / (b[i] * x[i]))   其中a,b都是一一对应的。 x[i]取0,1  并且 ∑x[i] = n - k。

3.解题思路：

 令r = ∑a[i] * x[i] / (b[i] * x[i])  则必然∑a[i] * x[i] - ∑b[i] * x[i] * r= 0；（条件1）并且任意的 ∑a[i] * x[i] - ∑b[i] * x[i] * max(r) <= 0  (条件2，只有当∑a[i] * x[i] / (b[i] * x[i]) = max(r) 条件2中等号才成立)然后就可以枚举r , 对枚举的r， 求Q(r) = ∑a[i] * x[i] - ∑b[i] * x[i] * r  的最大值，  为什么要求最大值呢？  因为我们之前知道了条件2，所以当我们枚举到r为max(r)的值时，显然对于所有的情况Q(r)都会小于等于0，并且Q(r)的最大值一定是0.而我们求最大值的目的就是寻找Q(r)=0的可能性，这样就满足了条件1，最后就是枚举使得Q(r)恰好等于0时就找到了max(r)。而如果能Q(r)>0 说明该r值是偏小的，并且可能存在Q(r)=0,而Q(r)<0的话，很明显是r值偏大的，因为max(r)都是使Q(r)最大值为0，说明不可能存在Q(r)=0了。

4.AC代码：

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