ssm单元测试(junit)简单使用

测试

软件测试

• 单元测试：对你每个函数单元进行测试，保证每个模块正常工作
• 集成测试：对已经测试过的功能模块进行组装后的测试
• 系统测试：检验软件产品能否与系统的其他部分协调工作
• 验收测试：

测试方法

• 黑盒测试：一直软件功能，根据特定的输入检查是否得到了预期的效果
• 白盒测试：已知软件内部结构细节，可以通过测试证明每种操作是否符合设计要求

单元测试应该具备的特性

• 自动化：调用测试自动化和检查结果自动化
• 彻底性：测试所有可能出现的问题
• 可重复：多次执行的结果一致
• 独立的：单元测试的执行与其它文件无关
• 专业的：单元测试与编码同样重要，在编写单元测试时应遵循Java编码原则。

常见assert断言

• assertArrayEquals(expecteds,actuals)查看两个数组是否相等。
• assertEquals(expecteds,actuals)查看两个对象是否相等，类似于字符串比较使用的equals()方法。（不能比较double类型，double类型比较相等，用减法，然后差值在一个很小的范围内，就可以说这两个相等）
• assertNotEquals(first,second)查看两个对象是否不相等。
• assertNull(object) 查看对象是否为空。
• assertNotNull(object) 查看对象是否不为空。
• assertSame(expected,actual) 查看两个地址一样
• assertNotSame(expected,actual) 查看两个地址不一样
• assertTrue(condition) 查看允许结果是否是true
• assertFalse(condition) 查看允许结果是否是false
• assertThat(actual,matcher) 查看实际结果是否满足指定的条件
• fail() 让测试失败

设置测试前setup(@before)和测试后tearDown(@After)

 	@Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
    }

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contorller层测试

package com.westos.student.controller;

import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import com.westos.student.service.StudentServiceInterface;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.List;

@RequestMapping("/api")
@RestController
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentServiceInterface studentService;
    /**
     * 前后端分离时一般在api层会给出http状态码
     * @param student
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/listStudent.do")
    public ResponseEntity<List<Student>> listStudent(Student student){
        List<Student> result = studentService.listStudent(student);
        return new ResponseEntity<List<Student>>(result,HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/saveStudent.do")
    public ResponseEntity<Integer> save(Student student){
        Integer result = studentService.save(student);
        return new ResponseEntity<Integer>(result,HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

可以选择new 对象进行测试

package com.westos.student.controller;

import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;

import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class StudentControllerTest4 {
    private StudentController studentController;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
    //每次测试前new对象
        studentController = new StudentController();
    }

    @Test
    public void listStudent() {
    	//按照学生id查询
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(1);
        ResponseEntity<List<Student>> list = studentController.listStudent(student);
		 //断言状态码为OK
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK,list.getStatusCode());
        //断言查出来1条数据
        assertEquals(1,list.getBody().size());
    }

    @Test
    public void save() {
    }
}

如果controller中方法参数是HttpServletRequest或者HttpServletResponse的话。
先添加依赖包

org.springframework
spring-test

然后

MockHttpServletRequest request=new MockHttpServletRequest();
request.setParameter("name","zhangsan");
//然后将request传入。相当于模拟给request传参了。

以上的是利用new对象的方式。现在利用spring注入的方式。

spring注入

给测试类前加上注解就可以启动spring了

package com.westos.student.controller;

import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class StudentControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    protected WebApplicationContext wac;


    @Autowired
    private StudentController studentController;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        assertNotNull(studentController);
    }

    @Test
    public void listStudent() {
        ResponseEntity<List<Student>> list = studentController.listStudent(null);
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK,list.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals(2,list.getBody().size());
    }
}

测试DAO层

spring.xml中加上提供的jdbc。

package com.westos.student.dao;

import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class StudentDAOTest {

    @Autowired
    protected WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired
    private StudentDAO dao;

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        assertNotNull(wac);
        assertNotNull(dao);
    }
    @Test
    public void listStudent() {
        //执行dao的函数
        Student stu=new Student();
        stu.setName("Jim");
        List<Student> list = dao.listStudent(stu);
        assertEquals(2,list.get(0).getId().intValue());
        assertEquals("Jim",list.get(0).getName());
    }


    @Test
    public void save(){
        //删除库中的多余数据
        jdbcTemplate.execute("delete from student where id=3");
        Student student=new Student();
        student.setId(3);
        student.setName("张三");
        Integer result=dao.save(student);
        assertEquals(1,result.intValue());
        //及时删除数据
        jdbcTemplate.execute("delete from student where id=3");
    }
}

测试service层

方式1，自动装配，使用service中使用dao。

package com.westos.student.service;

import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class StudentServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    protected WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    @Before
    public void  setup(){
        assertNotNull(studentService);
    }

    @Test
    public void listStudent() {

        Student student=new Student();
        List<Student> list = studentService.listStudent(student);
        assertEquals(2,list.size());
    }
}

方式2，独立测试，不使用dao，你写完了service层，你的队友dao层还没写完，那你要等他吗？不等，自己测试自己的。

引入包

          org.mockito
          mockito-core
          2.28.2
          test
      

package com.westos.student.service;

import com.westos.student.dao.StudentDAO;
import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class StudentService2Test {

    @Autowired
    protected WebApplicationContext wac;

    @InjectMocks
    private StudentService studentService;

    @Mock
    private StudentDAO studentDAO;//假的studentDAO

    @Before
    public void  setup(){
    	//初始化mock
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        assertNotNull(studentService);
    }


    @Test
    public void listStudent() {
        List<Student> result=new ArrayList<Student>();
        Student student1=new Student();
        student1.setId(1);
        student1.setName("John");
        result.add(student1);
        Student student2=new Student();
        student2.setId(2);
        student2.setName("Jim");
        result.add(student2);
        //当调用studentDAO.listStudent(any(Student.class))时，让DAO返回自己设定的值
        when(studentDAO.listStudent(any(Student.class))).thenReturn(result);
        Student student=new Student();
        List<Student> list = studentService.listStudent(student);
        assertEquals(2,list.size());
    }

    @Test
    public void save() {
    }
}

修改controller层测试，让它可以实现独立测试

package com.westos.student.controller;

import com.westos.student.service.StudentServiceInterface;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class StudentController2Test {

    @InjectMocks
    private StudentController studentController;

    @Mock
    private StudentServiceInterface studentService;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
    @Test
    public void listStudent() {

    }

    @Test
    public void save() {
    }
}

再次修改controller，模拟HTTP请求（集成测试）

因为以上的测试中，如果代码中有拦截器之类的，是拦截不到的，因为直接调用的controller方法。

package com.westos.student.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import java.util.List;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class StudentController3Test {
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    protected WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired
    private StudentController studentController;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        //构建全部的controller，测试比较全面
        // this.mockMvc=webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
        
        //构建指定的controller,加载的controller少，速度较快
        this.mockMvc=standaloneSetup(studentController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void listStudent() throws Exception {
        String url="/api/listStudent.do";
        MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(post(url).param("name", "Jim")).andExpect(status().isOk()).andReturn();
        String str = result.getResponse().getContentAsString();
        List<Student> list = JSON.parseArray(str, Student.class);
        assertEquals(1,list.size());
        assertEquals(2,list.get(0).getId().intValue());
        assertEquals("Jim",list.get(0).getName());

        //gei session添加东西，跳过登陆（登陆信息存在session中）。
        result = this.mockMvc.perform(post(url).sessionAttr("LOGINUSERID","admin")).andExpect(status().isOk()).andReturn();
        str = result.getResponse().getContentAsString();
         list = JSON.parseArray(str, Student.class);
        assertEquals(2,list.size());


    }

    @Test
    public void save() {
    }
}

---

谢谢！