VirtualBox虚拟机安装增强工具及配置共享文件夹
一、系统环境及概述
1、概述
VirtualBox虚拟机安装好linux系统后，需要安装增强工具（VBoxGuestAdditions），增强工具用于鼠标自由切换，配置共享文件夹等辅助功能
2、虚拟机系统环境
内核：3.10.0-693.e17.x86_64
发行版：CentOS 7.4
[root@localhost /]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/system-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@localhost /]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_641、虚拟机加载 VBoxGuestAdditions.iso 镜像：
正常启动虚拟机系统，选择设备-分配光驱-VBoxGuestAdditions.iso
2、更新系统内核kernel，并安装kernel-devel和gcc，注意kernel-devel工具要跟系统kernel版本一致
[root@localhost /]# yum update kernel
[root@localhost /]# yum install kernel-devel gcc[root@localhost /]# yum list grep|kernel-devel
[root@localhost /]# rpm -qa kernel-devel3、手动挂载 VBoxGuestAdditions.iso镜像
[root@localhost /]# ls /dev/cdrom
/dev/cdrom
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: 挂载点 /mnt/cdrom 不存在
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载4、运行安装脚本
[root@localhost cdrom]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.1.20 Guest Additions for Linux...........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Copying additional installer modules ...
./install.sh:行365: bzip2: 未找到命令
tar: 它似乎不像是一个 tar 归档文件
tar: 由于前次错误，将以上次的错误状态退出
./install.sh:行378: bzip2: 未找到命令
tar: 它似乎不像是一个 tar 归档文件
tar: 由于前次错误，将以上次的错误状态退出[root@localhost cdrom]# yum install bzip2[root@localhost cdrom]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.1.20 Guest Additions for Linux...........
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
You appear to have a version of the VirtualBox Guest Additions
on your system which was installed from a different source or using a
different type of installer. If you installed it from a package from your
Linux distribution or if it is a default part of the system then we strongly
recommend that you cancel this installation and remove it properly before
installing this version. If this is simply an older or a damaged
installation you may safely proceed.
Do you wish to continue anyway? [yes or no]
yes
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
vboxadd.sh: Starting the VirtualBox Guest Additions.5、设置共享文件夹
目标：将 E:\wamp\www 共享到 虚拟机系统 /VirtualBox/www
先创建 /VirtualBox/www
在VirtualBox虚拟机界面，当前虚拟机上点右键-设置-共享文件夹如图设置：
虚拟机执行挂载共享文件夹命令：mount -t vboxsf www /VirtualBox/www
发生错误：
[root@localhost /]# mount -t vboxsf www /VirtualBox/www
mount: 文件系统类型错误、选项错误、www 上有坏超级块、
缺少代码页或助手程序，或其他错误
有些情况下在 syslog 中可以找到一些有用信息- 请尝试
dmesg | tail 这样的命令看看。
[root@localhost /]# dmesg | tail
[ 108.896572] ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 3
[ 108.939100] ISO 9660 Extensions: RRIP_1991A
[ 609.110175] vboxguest: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[ 609.110324] vboxguest: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[ 609.125499] vgdrvHeartbeatInit: Setting up heartbeat to trigger every 2000 milliseconds
[ 609.125579] input: Unspecified device as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:04.0/input/input6
[ 609.127462] vboxguest: misc device minor 58, IRQ 20, I/O port d020, MMIO at 00000000f0000000 (size 0x400000)
[ 609.127483] vboxguest: Successfully loaded version 5.1.20 (interface 0x00010004)
[ 609.143392] vboxsf: Successfully loaded version 5.1.20 (interface 0x00010004)
[ 1265.165626] sf_read_super_aux err=-22[root@localhost /]# cd /sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# rm mount.vboxsf
[root@localhost sbin]# ln -s /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-5.1.20/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/mount.vboxsf
[root@localhost sbin]# mount -t vboxsf www /VirtualBox/www6、开机自动挂载共享文件夹
目前每次开机都需要手动挂载一遍，为方便我们做一个开机脚本，自动挂载
CentOS的开机启动脚本位置：/etc/rc.d/rc.local
可以直接在rc.local中编写，也可以单独写一个文件，在rc.local中运行，这里单独写一个脚本 VirtualBox.sh
[root@localhost rc.d]# touch VirtualBox.sh
[root@localhost rc.d]# vi VirtualBox.sh
[root@localhost rc.d]# cat VirtualBox.sh
#!/bin/bash
mount -t vboxsf www /VirtualBox/www[root@localhost rc.d]# vi rc.local
/etc/rc.d/VirtualBox.sh由于CentOS7.4中 rc.local 默认权限已经被降低，所以这里加上运行权限
[root@localhost rc.d]# chmod +x rc.local VirtualBox.sh再次重启，查看，已经可以自动挂载共享文件夹~！
完成