让IE浏览器支持HTML5标准

本文搬运自oschina  JeeChou 的博客博文《 HTML5-JS文件-让IE浏览器支持HTML5标准》

摘要: 　　自HTML5标准的提出就得到非常多的关注，而作为全球使用用户最多的IE浏览器能够支持HTML5标准也是大家备受关注一个问题，让IE(包括IE6)支持HTML5元素，我们需要在HTML头部添加以下JavaScript，这是一个简单的document.createElement声明，利用条件注释针对IE来调用这个js文件。Opera，FireFox等其他非IE浏览器就会忽视这段代码，也不会存在http请求。

　　自HTML5标准的提出就得到非常多的关注，而作为全球使用用户最多的IE浏览器能够支持HTML5标准也是大家备受关注一个问题，让IE(包括IE6)支持HTML5元素，我们需要在HTML头部添加以下JavaScript，这是一个简单的document.createElement声明，利用条件注释针对IE来调用这个js文件。Opera，FireFox等其他非IE浏览器就会忽视这段代码，也不会存在http请求。

<!–[if IE]>  
<script src=”http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js”>script>  
<![endif]–>

　　上面这段代码仅会在IE浏览器下运行，还有一点需要注意，在页面中调用html5.js文件必须添加在页面的head元素内，因为IE浏览器必须在元素解析前知道这个元素，所以这个js文件不能在页面底部调用。

　　这个html5的js文件是作者把他放在Google code project上提供给大家可以直接调用的，当然，如果觉得这样会影响你的网页打开速度，你可以把html5的js文件直接下载下来让后上传到自己的服务器单独调用。

　　以下是html5的js文件中的代码:

/*
 HTML5 Shiv v3.7.0 | @afarkas @jdalton @jon_neal @rem | MIT/GPL2 Licensed
*/
(function(l,f){function m(){var a=e.elements;return"string"==typeof a?a.split(" "):a}function i(a){var b=n[a[o]];b||(b={},h++,a[o]=h,n[h]=b);return b}function p(a,b,c){b||(b=f);if(g)return b.createElement(a);c||(c=i(b));b=c.cache[a]?c.cache[a].cloneNode():r.test(a)?(c.cache[a]=c.createElem(a)).cloneNode():c.createElem(a);return b.canHaveChildren&&!s.test(a)?c.frag.appendChild(b):b}function t(a,b){if(!b.cache)b.cache={},b.createElem=a.createElement,b.createFrag=a.createDocumentFragment,b.frag=b.createFrag();
a.createElement=function(c){return!e.shivMethods?b.createElem(c):p(c,a,b)};a.createDocumentFragment=Function("h,f","return function(){var n=f.cloneNode(),c=n.createElement;h.shivMethods&&("+m().join().replace(/[\w\-]+/g,function(a){b.createElem(a);b.frag.createElement(a);return'c("'+a+'")'})+");return n}")(e,b.frag)}function q(a){a||(a=f);var b=i(a);if(e.shivCSS&&!j&&!b.hasCSS){var c,d=a;c=d.createElement("p");d=d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||d.documentElement;c.innerHTML="x";
c=d.insertBefore(c.lastChild,d.firstChild);b.hasCSS=!!c}g||t(a,b);return a}var k=l.html5||{},s=/^<|^(?:button|map|select|textarea|object|iframe|option|optgroup)$/i,r=/^(?:a|b|code|div|fieldset|h1|h2|h3|h4|h5|h6|i|label|li|ol|p|q|span|strong|style|table|tbody|td|th|tr|ul)$/i,j,o="_html5shiv",h=0,n={},g;(function(){try{var a=f.createElement("a");a.innerHTML="";j="hidden"in a;var b;if(!(b=1==a.childNodes.length)){f.createElement("a");var c=f.createDocumentFragment();b="undefined"==typeof c.cloneNode||
"undefined"==typeof c.createDocumentFragment||"undefined"==typeof c.createElement}g=b}catch(d){g=j=!0}})();var e={elements:k.elements||"abbr article aside audio bdi canvas data datalist details dialog figcaption figure footer header hgroup main mark meter nav output progress section summary template time video",version:"3.7.0",shivCSS:!1!==k.shivCSS,supportsUnknownElements:g,shivMethods:!1!==k.shivMethods,type:"default",shivDocument:q,createElement:p,createDocumentFragment:function(a,b){a||(a=f);
if(g)return a.createDocumentFragment();for(var b=b||i(a),c=b.frag.cloneNode(),d=0,e=m(),h=e.length;dreturn c}};l.html5=e;q(f)})(this,document);

　　除了在网页中调用包含以上代码的js文件来让IE浏览器支持HTML5元素以外，你也可以以下面这种方式把代码直接添加到网页中。

　　补充阅读：以下代码是发布在github.com上的html5shiv.js，版本：3.7.0，注释也比较完整。可能GitHub打开速度有些慢，这里就直接将代码复制贴过来，如果需要最新版本，地址：https://github.com/aFarkas/html5shiv/blob/master/src/html5shiv.js

/**
* @preserve HTML5 Shiv prev3.7.1 | @afarkas @jdalton @jon_neal @rem | MIT/GPL2 Licensed
*/
;(function(window, document) {
/*jshint evil:true */
  /** version */
  var version = '3.7.0';

  /** Preset options */
  var options = window.html5 || {};

  /** Used to skip problem elements */
  var reSkip = /^<|^(?:button|map|select|textarea|object|iframe|option|optgroup)$/i;

  /** Not all elements can be cloned in IE **/
  var saveClones = /^(?:a|b|code|div|fieldset|h1|h2|h3|h4|h5|h6|i|label|li|ol|p|q|span|strong|style|table|tbody|td|th|tr|ul)$/i;

  /** Detect whether the browser supports default html5 styles */
  var supportsHtml5Styles;

  /** Name of the expando, to work with multiple documents or to re-shiv one document */
  var expando = '_html5shiv';

  /** The id for the the documents expando */
  var expanID = 0;

  /** Cached data for each document */
  var expandoData = {};

  /** Detect whether the browser supports unknown elements */
  var supportsUnknownElements;

  (function() {
    try {
        var a = document.createElement('a');
        a.innerHTML = '';
        //if the hidden property is implemented we can assume, that the browser supports basic HTML5 Styles
        supportsHtml5Styles = ('hidden' in a);

        supportsUnknownElements = a.childNodes.length == 1 || (function() {
          // assign a false positive if unable to shiv
          (document.createElement)('a');
          var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();
          return (
            typeof frag.cloneNode == 'undefined' ||
            typeof frag.createDocumentFragment == 'undefined' ||
            typeof frag.createElement == 'undefined'
          );
        }());
    } catch(e) {
      // assign a false positive if detection fails => unable to shiv
      supportsHtml5Styles = true;
      supportsUnknownElements = true;
    }

  }());

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a style sheet with the given CSS text and adds it to the document.
   * @private
   * @param {Document} ownerDocument The document.
   * @param {String} cssText The CSS text.
   * @returns {StyleSheet} The style element.
   */
  function addStyleSheet(ownerDocument, cssText) {
    var p = ownerDocument.createElement('p'),
        parent = ownerDocument.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || ownerDocument.documentElement;

    p.innerHTML = 'x';
    return parent.insertBefore(p.lastChild, parent.firstChild);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the value of `html5.elements` as an array.
   * @private
   * @returns {Array} An array of shived element node names.
   */
  function getElements() {
    var elements = html5.elements;
    return typeof elements == 'string' ? elements.split(' ') : elements;
  }

    /**
   * Returns the data associated to the given document
   * @private
   * @param {Document} ownerDocument The document.
   * @returns {Object} An object of data.
   */
  function getExpandoData(ownerDocument) {
    var data = expandoData[ownerDocument[expando]];
    if (!data) {
        data = {};
        expanID++;
        ownerDocument[expando] = expanID;
        expandoData[expanID] = data;
    }
    return data;
  }

  /**
   * returns a shived element for the given nodeName and document
   * @memberOf html5
   * @param {String} nodeName name of the element
   * @param {Document} ownerDocument The context document.
   * @returns {Object} The shived element.
   */
  function createElement(nodeName, ownerDocument, data){
    if (!ownerDocument) {
        ownerDocument = document;
    }
    if(supportsUnknownElements){
        return ownerDocument.createElement(nodeName);
    }
    if (!data) {
        data = getExpandoData(ownerDocument);
    }
    var node;

    if (data.cache[nodeName]) {
        node = data.cache[nodeName].cloneNode();
    } else if (saveClones.test(nodeName)) {
        node = (data.cache[nodeName] = data.createElem(nodeName)).cloneNode();
    } else {
        node = data.createElem(nodeName);
    }

    // Avoid adding some elements to fragments in IE < 9 because
    // * Attributes like `name` or `type` cannot be set/changed once an element
    //   is inserted into a document/fragment
    // * Link elements with `src` attributes that are inaccessible, as with
    //   a 403 response, will cause the tab/window to crash
    // * Script elements appended to fragments will execute when their `src`
    //   or `text` property is set
    return node.canHaveChildren && !reSkip.test(nodeName) && !node.tagUrn ? data.frag.appendChild(node) : node;
  }

  /**
   * returns a shived DocumentFragment for the given document
   * @memberOf html5
   * @param {Document} ownerDocument The context document.
   * @returns {Object} The shived DocumentFragment.
   */
  function createDocumentFragment(ownerDocument, data){
    if (!ownerDocument) {
        ownerDocument = document;
    }
    if(supportsUnknownElements){
        return ownerDocument.createDocumentFragment();
    }
    data = data || getExpandoData(ownerDocument);
    var clone = data.frag.cloneNode(),
        i = 0,
        elems = getElements(),
        l = elems.length;
    for(;i

　　把html5shiv.js在head里面引入，如下：

    
        
        
        
        
    
    
        
123abc
abc123
    

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