imx6q处理器，linux操作系统平台搭建 从SD卡启动系统
本文是参考http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/44536447和http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/44626011这篇两篇文章，然后把移植过程和学习笔记再次留下．
本文的目的是，完成一个从sd卡启动的一个纯净版的linux系统移植，其实就是一个很裸的根文件系统，后期有空会试着把QT移植进入．
下面开始移植了，我使用的开发板是天嵌的E9，但是使用主要是imx6q开发板便宜，现在选择的余地可能大很多．
我移植过程的源码下载地址为：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnOr7Ef，提供内容见里面的readme
１. uboot 的移植
资料下载：
官方资源下载：uboot的下载地址，在百度上搜索git freescale 即进入freescale的管理库，里面资源很多，uboot版本为imx_v2009.08_3.0.35_4.1.0，点击download即可下载，这个版本对应的linux版本为3.0.35_4.1.0，当然linux内核版本在git freescale也可下载．
(1)首先是习惯性的 make distclean，移除所有以前的记录，这样保证我是在一个干净的环境下进行编译．
(2)参考上面文档，我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd，我就直接在原版基础上进行修改了，需修改的文件都在＂./board/freescale/mx6q_sabresd＂下＂flash_header.S＂和＂mx6q_sabresd.c＂．
(3)修改＂flash_header.S＂文件，使用下面代码替换源文件中代码
#else /* i.MX6Q */
dcd_hdr: .word 0x40a002D2 /* Tag=0xD2, Len=83*8 + 4 + 4, Ver=0x40 */
write_dcd_cmd: .word 0x049c02CC /* Tag=0xCC, Len=83*8 + 4, Param=0x04 */
/* DCD */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(1, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x798, 0x000C0000)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(2, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x758, 0x00000000)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(3, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x588, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(4, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x594, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(5, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x56c, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(6, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x578, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(7, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x74c, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(8, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x57c, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(9, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x58c, 0x00000000)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(10, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x59c, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(11, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a0, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(12, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x78c, 0x00000030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(13, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x750, 0x00020000)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(14, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(15, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(16, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x524, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(17, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x51c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(18, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x518, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(19, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x50c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(20, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(21, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(22, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x774, 0x00020000)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(23, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x784, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(24, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x788, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(25, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x794, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(26, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x79c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(27, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(28, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(29, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(30, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x748, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(31, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5ac, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(32, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(33, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x528, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(34, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x520, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(35, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x514, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(36, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x510, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(37, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5bc, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(38, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(39, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x800, 0xA1390003)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(40, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(41, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(42, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(43, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(44, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x4333033F)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(45, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x032C031D)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(46, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x43200332)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(47, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x031A026A)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(48, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x4D464746)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(49, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x47453F4D)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(50, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x3E434440)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(51, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x47384839)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(52, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(53, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(54, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(55, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(56, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(57, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(58, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(59, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(60, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(61, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(62, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00020036)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(63, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x008, 0x09444040)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(64, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x00c, 0x8A8F7955) /* 555A7975 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(65, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x010, 0xFF328F64) /* FF328F64 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(66, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x014, 0x01FF00DB)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(67, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x018, 0x00001740)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(68, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008000)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(69, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x02c, 0x000026D2)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(70, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x030, 0x008F1023) /* 005A1023 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(71, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x040, 0x00000047) /* 00000027 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(72, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x000, 0x841A0000) /* 831A0000 */
MXC_DCD_ITEM(73, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04088032)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(74, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008033)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(75, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00048031)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(76, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x09408030)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(77, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04008040)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(78, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x020, 0x00005800)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(79, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(80, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(81, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00025576)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(82, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x404, 0x00011006)
MXC_DCD_ITEM(83, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00000000)
#endif
(４)修改＂mx6q_sabresd.c＂文件，完成对应硬件的uart的修改和mmc的修改
uart1移植，修改UART1对应的TXD和RXD引脚．
static void setup_uart(void)
{
#if defined CONFIG_MX6Q
/* UART1 TXD */
//mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);
/* UART1 RXD */
//mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);
/* UART1 TXD */
mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD);
// /* UART1 RXD */
mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD);
#elif defined CONFIG_MX6DL
/* UART1 TXD */
mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);
/* UART1 RXD */
mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);
#endif
}
iomux_v3_cfg_t usdhc3_pads[] = {
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3,
// MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4,
// MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5,
// MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6,
// MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7,
}; ( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量．
初始烧写时，存放uboot环境变量的存储空间无环境变量，此时uboot会使用默认的环境变量，imx6q_sabresd默认环境变量位置为 ./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h．
vi mx6q_sabresd.h
默认环境变量为
#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \
"netdev=eth0\0" \
"ethprime=FEC0\0" \
"uboot=u-boot.bin\0" \
"kernel=uImage\0" \
"nfsroot=/opt/eldk/arm\0" \
"bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200\0"\
"bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\
"ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\
"bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; " \
"tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm\0" \
"bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp " \
"root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait\0" \
"bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; " \
"mmc dev 3; " \
"mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0" \
"bootcmd=run bootcmd_net\0"需要修改处：
①根文件系统存储地址
"root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait\0"
更改为
"root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait\0" ②uboot 运行的参数
"bootcmd=run bootcmd_net\0" 这为启动网络方式挂载内核和根文件系统
更改为
"bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc\0" 这为从flash中获取内核和根文件系统③获取可执行程序位置
"mmc dev 3; "
更改为
"mmc dev 1; " "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp " \
更改为
"bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} " \⑤增加了uboot期间，网络的mac地址
"ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66\0"\⑥更改了网络挂载根文件系统的位置
"nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs\0"⑦更改了通过网络获取内核和根文件系统时的配置
"bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\
"ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\
不用原版的通过dhcp获取ip，而用uboot环境变量中的静态ip更改后我的默认环境变量为
#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS \
"ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66\0"\
"netdev=eth0\0" \
"ethprime=FEC0\0" \
"uboot=u-boot.bin\0" \
"kernel=uImage\0" \
"nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs\0" \
"bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200\0"\
"bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\
"ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\
"bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; " \
"tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm\0" \
"bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} " \
"root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait\0" \
"bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; " \
"mmc dev 1; " \
"mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0" \
"bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc\0"
按照如上修改，就可以从SD卡获取剩余的内核和根文件系统，并进行后面的程序启动．
uboot启动时，默认的ip地址也在./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h．
175 #define CONFIG_IPADDR 192.168.1.103
176 #define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.1.101
177 #define CONFIG_NETMASK 255.255.255.0
(６)编辑编译脚本
vi build.sh
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make distclean
make mx6q_sabresd_config
make
然后 chmod +x build.sh
运行脚本，./build.sh
烧写文件：在uboot的根目录下生成，u-boot.bin即使需要的烧写文件
２,linux内核移植
资源下载：
官方下载地址：http://git.freescale.com/git/cgit.cgi/imx/linux-2.6-imx.git/commit/?h=imx_3.0.35_4.1.0，下载内核版本为linux_imx_3,0.35_4.1.0版本
( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零．
( 2 )修改串口配置，
进入arch/arm/mach-mx6/目录，修改
vi board-mx6q_sabresd.h
/* UART1 for debug */
//MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD,
//MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD, /* USDHC2 */
MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CLK__USDHC2_CLK,
MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CMD__USDHC2_CMD,
MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT0__USDHC2_DAT0,
MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT1__USDHC2_DAT1,
MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT2__USDHC2_DAT2,
MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT3__USDHC2_DAT3,
//MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D4__USDHC2_DAT4,
//MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D5__USDHC2_DAT5,
//MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D6__USDHC2_DAT6,
//MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D7__USDHC2_DAT7,
//MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D2__GPIO_2_2, /* SD2_CD */
//MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D3__GPIO_2_3, /* SD2_WP */
MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_2__USDHC2_WP,
MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_4__USDHC2_CD,(4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方，修改为
/* USDHC3 */
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK_50MHZ,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD_50MHZ,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0_50MHZ,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1_50MHZ,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2_50MHZ,
MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3_50MHZ,
//MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4_50MHZ,
//MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5_50MHZ,
//MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6_50MHZ,
//MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7_50MHZ,
MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D0__GPIO_2_0, /* SD3_CD */
MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D1__GPIO_2_1, /* SD3_WP */(5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c
vi board-mx6q_sabresd.c
//#define SABRESD_SD2_CD IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 2)
//#define SABRESD_SD2_WP IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 3)
#define SABRESD_SD2_CD IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 4)
#define SABRESD_SD2_WP IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 2)
(6)编译内核需求工具
编译内核需要mkimage工具，此工具在uboot 下tools目录中，有两种方式，
第一种，讲mkimage复制到/usr/bin下
第二种讲./tools加到环境变量中．
此时，在编译内核时，就会找到mkimage工具(7)写编译脚本
回到内核源码的根目录中
vi build.sh
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make distclean
make imx6_defconfig
make uImage ./build.sh
此时就开始编译内核，但是时间大概要５分钟左右，可以洗洗刷刷．
烧写文件：./arch/arm/boot/ 目录下uImage文件３.根文件系统制作
rootfs所需资料：一个目录结构，busybox，linux内核模块，编译器的库．
其中busybox提供精简而常用的指令．busybox下载地址：百度下就知道了 https://busybox.net/
下面开始建立rootfs了，
( 1 )建立目录结构
vi rootfs.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "------Create rootfs directons start...--------"
mkdir rootfs
cd rootfs
echo "--------Create root,dev....----------"
mkdir bin sbin root dev etc boot tmp var sys proc lib mnt home usr
mkdir usr/sbin usr/bin usr/lib usr/modules
echo "make node in dev/console dev/null"
sudo mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1
sudo mknod -m 600 dev/null c 1 3
mkdir mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp
mkdir var/lib var/lock var/run var/tmp
chmod 1777 tmp
chmod 1777 var/tmp
echo "-------make direction done---------" chmod +x rootfs.sh
./rootfs.sh
(2)安装busybox
我使用busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2版本
tar -xvjf busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1_24_stable/
make distclean
make defconfig
make menuconfig
配置菜单跟配置内核时的差不多，依次进入Busybox Settings => Build Options => Cross Compiler prefix (NEW)，设置为编译器的前缀，我的是arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make CONFIG_PREFIX=../rootfs install
至此，busybox安装完毕
(3)配置etc启动项
busybox自带的etc默认在 busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/文件夹下，就以此为模板来修改
cp -rf busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* rootfs/etc/
①inittab文件更改为
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
#power on not login
::respawn:-/bin/sh
#power on need login
#::respawn:-/bin/login
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib
echo
echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "
echo "Done"
echo
③init/rcS文件更改为
#! /bin/sh
/bin/mkdir -p /dev/pts
/bin/mkdir -p /dev/shm
/bin/mount -a
/bin/mount -t tmpfs mdev /dev
/bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s
#######config network################################
/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.103
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0④fstab文件更改为
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
none /dev/pts devpts mode=0622 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 ⑤登陆用户
cp /etc/passwd etc/
cp /etc/shadow etc/
cp /etc/group etc/
保留你需要的登陆用户名
当然此步可以忽略，无此步就是需要要任何认证即可登陆
(4)安装内核模块
进入linux-3.0.35内核源码根目录
make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../mkrootfs/rootfs
至此完成内核模块的安装(5)复制编译器的库
cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/*so* ./lib/ -d
cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/*so* ./usr/lib/ -d
此次库安装完毕．
打包跟文件系统，进入根文件系统的根目录，
tar cvzf rootfs.tgz *
此时，rootfs.tgz就是打包好的根文件系统．
到此为止，根文件系统建立完毕．下面开始烧写可执行文件喽．
４.烧写
烧写所需食材就是前面生成的可执行文件，u-boot.bin uImage rootfs.tgz．
我的SD卡为sdb设备文件，根据挂载的设备文件不同进行修改．
( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=1536 count=16
sync
( ２ )烧写u-boot.bin
sudo dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2 skip=2
sync
( 3)烧写uImage
sudo dd if=uImage of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2048
sync
(４)烧写根文件系统
对SD进行ext3分区，并拷贝文件分区
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Step1: 通过指令u切换到sectors模式。输入u后回车，fdisk会在sectors模式和cylinders模式间切换，这里切换到sectors模式。
Step2:通过d指令删除原来的分区。重复的输入d并回车，可以删除SD卡原有的分区，知道没有任何分区为止。
Step3:通过n指令新建分区。输入n并回车。
Step4:通过p指令设置为主分区。输入p并回车。
Step5:输入分区编号。这里输入数字1。
Step6:输入分区的起始位置。该位置是sectors为单位的，每个sector的大小为512B，这里偏移8M，给内核留下足够的存储空间，输入16384并回车。
Step7:输入分区的结束为止。直接使用默认值，即到达SD卡的末尾，故直接回车即可。
Step8:保存分区信息。输入指令w并回车。
使用ext3格式化SD卡
挂载SD卡到/mnt目录下，这样就可用对SD卡进行操作
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
sudo tar xvzf rootfs.tgz -C /mnt/
sync此时，已完成平台移植，查到开发板开电，是不是很激动而紧张啊
５.上电打印信息
U-Boot 2009.08-dirty ( 1��月 24 2016 - 20:47:28)
CPU: Freescale i.MX6 family TO1.2 at 792 MHz
Thermal sensor with ratio = 170
Temperature: 20 C, calibration data 0x5384a769
mx6q pll1: 792MHz
mx6q pll2: 528MHz
mx6q pll3: 480MHz
mx6q pll8: 50MHz
ipg clock : 66000000Hz
ipg per clock : 66000000Hz
uart clock : 80000000Hz
cspi clock : 60000000Hz
ahb clock : 132000000Hz
axi clock : 264000000Hz
emi_slow clock: 132000000Hz
ddr clock : 528000000Hz
usdhc1 clock : 198000000Hz
usdhc2 clock : 198000000Hz
usdhc3 clock : 198000000Hz
usdhc4 clock : 198000000Hz
nfc clock : 24000000Hz
Board: i.MX6Q-SABRESD: unknown-board Board: 0x63012 [WDOG ]
Boot Device: SD
I2C: ready
DRAM: 1 GB
MMC: FSL_USDHC: 0,FSL_USDHC: 1,FSL_USDHC: 2,FSL_USDHC: 3
*** Warning - bad CRC or MMC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: got MAC address from IIM: 00:00:00:00:00:00
FEC0 [PRIME]
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
mmc1 is current device
MMC read: dev # 1, block # 2048, count 8192 ... 8192 blocks read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 10800000 ...
Image Name: Linux-3.0.35
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 3847528 Bytes = 3.7 MB
Load Address: 10008000
Entry Point: 10008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 3.0.35 (shirf@shirf-pc) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140320 (prerelease) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2014.05-29) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Jan 246
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc09a] revision 10 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
Machine: Freescale i.MX 6Quad/DualLite/Solo Sabre-SD Board
Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x54410008
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc
CPU identified as i.MX6Q, silicon rev 1.2
PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @8c008000 s5440 r8192 d15040 u32768
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 194560
Kernel command line: console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait
PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Memory: 512MB 256MB = 768MB total
Memory: 765844k/765844k available, 282732k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
DMA : 0xf4600000 - 0xffe00000 ( 184 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc0800000 - 0xf2000000 ( 792 MB)
lowmem : 0x80000000 - 0xc0000000 (1024 MB)
pkmap : 0x7fe00000 - 0x80000000 ( 2 MB)
modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x7fe00000 ( 14 MB)
.init : 0x80008000 - 0x8003c000 ( 208 kB)
.text : 0x8003c000 - 0x80a9a220 (10617 kB)
.data : 0x80a9c000 - 0x80affce0 ( 400 kB)
.bss : 0x80affd04 - 0x80b2db4c ( 184 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:624
MXC GPIO hardware
sched_clock: 32 bits at 3000kHz, resolution 333ns, wraps every 1431655ms
arm_max_freq=1GHz
MXC_Early serial console at MMIO 0x2020000 (options '115200')
bootconsole [ttymxc0] enabled
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 1581.05 BogoMIPS (lpj=7905280)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
hw perfevents: enabled with ARMv7 Cortex-A9 PMU driver, 7 counters available
CPU1: Booted secondary processor
CPU2: Booted secondary processor
CPU3: Booted secondary processor
Brought up 4 CPUs
SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (6324.22 BogoMIPS).
print_constraints: dummy:
NET: Registered protocol family 16
print_constraints: vddpu: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 700 mV fast normal
print_constraints: vddcore: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 1150 mV fast normal
print_constraints: vddsoc: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 1200 mV fast normal
print_constraints: vdd2p5: 2000 <--> 2775 mV at 2400 mV fast normal
print_constraints: vdd1p1: 800 <--> 1400 mV at 1100 mV fast normal
print_constraints: vdd3p0: 2625 <--> 3400 mV at 3000 mV fast normal
hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers.
hw-breakpoint: 1 breakpoint(s) reserved for watchpoint single-step.
hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes.
L310 cache controller enabled
l2x0: 16 ways, CACHE_ID 0x410000c7, AUX_CTRL 0x32070000, Cache size: 1048576 B
bio: create slab at 0
mxs-dma mxs-dma-apbh: initialized
print_constraints: SPKVDD: 4200 mV
print_constraints: vmmc: 3300 mV
SCSI subsystem initialized
spi_imx imx6q-ecspi.0: probed
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Freescale USB OTG Driver loaded, $Revision: 1.55 $
mc_pfuze 1-0008: recv failed!:-5,c8
mc_pfuze: probe of 1-0008 failed with error -1
imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: 1(0~1), 5B(4,5), 5F(6,7)
imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.1: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: 1(0~1), 5B(4,5), 5F(6,7)
mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 driver probed
mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 dphy version is 0x3130302a
MIPI CSI2 driver module loaded
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.
Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16
NET: Registered protocol family 31
Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
max17135 2-0048: PMIC MAX17135 for eInk display
i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy resume method
Switching to clocksource mxc_timer1
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 786432 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
PMU: registered new PMU device of type 0
Static Power Management for Freescale i.MX6
wait mode is enabled for i.MX6
cpaddr = 0 suspend_iram_base=f2900000
PM driver module loaded
IMX usb wakeup probe
add wake up source irq 75
IMX usb wakeup probe
cpu regulator mode:ldo_enable
i.MXC CPU frequency driver
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) �© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 1495
alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
mxc_mipi_dsi mxc_mipi_dsi: i.MX MIPI DSI driver probed
MIPI DSI driver module loaded
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.0: register mxc display driver ldb
_regulator_get: get() with no identifier
imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.1: IPU DMFC DP HIGH RESOLUTION: 1(0,1), 5B(2~5), 5F(6,7)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.1: register mxc display driver ldb
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.2: register mxc display driver lcd
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.3: register mxc display driver ldb
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.3: ipu1-di0 already in use
mxc_sdc_fb: probe of mxc_sdc_fb.3 failed with error -16
imx-sdma imx-sdma: loaded firmware 1.1
imx-sdma imx-sdma: initialized
Serial: IMX driver
imx-uart.2: ttymxc2 at MMIO 0x21ec000 (irq = 60) is a IMX
imx-uart.0: ttymxc0 at MMIO 0x2020000 (irq = 58) is a IMX
console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
loop: module loaded
Wait for CR ACK error!
sata phy rx_pll is stable!
No sata disk.
m25p80 spi0.0: unrecognized JEDEC id ffffff
GPMI NAND driver registered. (IMX)
vcan: Virtual CAN interface driver
CAN device driver interface
flexcan netdevice driver
FEC Ethernet Driver
fec_enet_mii_bus: probed
ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: irq 75, io base 0x02184000
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
add wake up source irq 72
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: irq 72, io base 0x02184200
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
ARC USBOTG Device Controller driver (1 August 2005)
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
input: max11801_ts as /devices/platform/imx-i2c.1/i2c-1/1-0048/input/input1
egalax_ts 1-0004: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version
egalax_ts: probe of 1-0004 failed with error -5
egalax_ts 2-0004: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version
egalax_ts: probe of 2-0004 failed with error -5
usb 2-1: new high speed USB device number 2 using fsl-ehci
elan - Read Hello Packet Failed
elan-touch: probe of 2-0010 failed with error -22
i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy resume method
snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.0: rtc core: registered snvs_rtc as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
Linux video capture interface: v2.00
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video16
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video17
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video18
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video19
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video20
hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
mag3110 2-000e: check mag3110 chip ID
mag3110 2-000e: read chip ID 0xfffffffb is not equal to 0xc4!
mag3110: probe of 2-000e failed with error -22
i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy resume method
mma8451 0-001c: read chip ID 0x1 is not equal to 0x1a or 0x2a!
mma8451: probe of 0-001c failed with error -22
imx2-wdt imx2-wdt.0: IMX2+ Watchdog Timer enabled. timeout=60s (nowayout=1)
Bluetooth: Virtual HCI driver ver 1.3
Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2
Bluetooth: HCIATH3K protocol initialized
Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.6
usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
mmc0: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.3] using DMA
sdhci sdhci-esdhc-imx.1: no card-detect pin available!
mmc1: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.1] using DMA
mmc2: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.2] using DMA
mxc_vdoa mxc_vdoa: i.MX Video Data Order Adapter(VDOA) driver probed
VPU initialized
mxc_asrc registered
Galcore version 4.6.9.9754
Thermal calibration data is 0x5384a769
Thermal sensor with ratio = 170
Anatop Thermal registered as thermal_zone0
anatop_thermal_probe: default cooling device is cpufreq!
leds-gpio: probe of leds-gpio failed with error -16
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
mxc_hdmi_soc mxc_hdmi_soc.0: MXC HDMI Audio
Cirrus Logic CS42888 ALSA SoC Codec Driver
i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy resume method
imx-hdmi-soc-dai imx-hdmi-soc-dai.0: Failed: Load HDMI-video first.
wm8962 0-001a: Failed to get supply 'DCVDD': -19
wm8962 0-001a: Failed to request supplies: -19
wm8962 0-001a: asoc: failed to probe CODEC wm8962.0-001a: -19
asoc: failed to instantiate card wm8962-audio: -19
mmc0: new high speed DDR MMC card at address 0001
imx_3stack asoc driver
mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 008G92 7.28 GiB
mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 008G92 partition 1 4.00 MiB
mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 008G92 partition 2 4.00 MiB
mmcblk0: p1
Initialize HDMI-audio failed. Load HDMI-video first!
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
NET: Registered protocol family 26
mmcblk0boot1: unknown partition table
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
can: controller area network core (rev 20090105 abi 8)
NET: Registered protocol family 29
can: raw protocol (rev 20090105)
can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20090105 t)
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
mmcblk0boot0: unknown partition table
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4
DDR type is DDR3
Bus freq driver module loaded
Bus freq driver Enabled
mxc_dvfs_core_probe
DVFS driver module loaded
regulator_init_complete: SPKVDD: incomplete constraints, leaving on
snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.0: setting system clock to 1970-01-01 00:01:00 UTC (60)
Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk1p1...
mmc1: new high speed SD card at address 1234
mmcblk1: mmc1:1234 SA02G 1.81 GiB
mmcblk1: p1
EXT3-fs: barriers not enabled
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): using internal journal
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): recovery complete
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:25.
Freeing init memory: 208K
eth0: Freescale FEC PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=1:00, irq=-1)
Processing /etc/profile... Done
/ # PHY: 1:00 - Link is Up - 100/Full