MD5

MD5有什么用?

MD5即Message-Digest Algorithm 5(信息-摘要算法5),用于确保信息传输完整一致。是计算机广泛使用的杂凑算法之一(又译摘要算法、哈希算法),主流编程语言普遍已有MD5实现。更多详情,请自行百度。

理论上MD5是不可逆的,而且MD5本来也不是作加密使用,而是用来校验数据的完整性。譬如,我们用迅雷下载电影,就有个MD5校验:

MD5_第1张图片

平时,我们在云盘上,秒传文件,可以通过MD5校验实现:

  1. 客户端在上传文件之前将文件的MD5码上传到服务器
  2. 服务器端判断是否已存在此MD5码(MD5校验),如果存在,说明该文件已存在,则此文件无需再上传,在此文件的计数器加1,说明此文件多了一个用户共用
  3. 如果服务器没有此MD5码,说明上传的文件是新文件,则真正上传此文件

只是因为其不可逆且稳定、快速的特点,被广泛用于对明文密码的加密。

但是简单密码来说,破解者完全可以将一定范围内的密码字典全部计算出来之后存为数据库,之后直接查询进行破解。

用户重要信息(如密码)不应该明文保存到数据库,可以通过MD5加密后再保存:
MD5_第2张图片

Qt中使用MD5

获取某个字符串md5:

//将某个字符串加密成md5码
QString getStrMd5(QString str)
{
    QByteArray array;

    //md5加密, 所需头文件#include 
    array = QCryptographicHash::hash ( str.toLocal8Bit(), QCryptographicHash::Md5 );

    return array.toHex() ; //返回
}

获取某个文件的md5:

//参数:文件路径
//返回值:文件的md5
char * getFileMd5(QString filePath)
{
    QFile localFile(filePath); //#include 

    if (!localFile.open(QFile::ReadOnly))
    {
        qDebug() << "file open error.";
        return 0;
    }

    QCryptographicHash ch(QCryptographicHash::Md5); //#include 

    quint64 totalBytes = 0;
    quint64 bytesWritten = 0;
    quint64 bytesToWrite = 0;
    quint64 loadSize = 1024 * 4;
    QByteArray buf;

    totalBytes = localFile.size();
    bytesToWrite = totalBytes;

    while (1)
    {
        if(bytesToWrite > 0)
        {
            buf = localFile.read(qMin(bytesToWrite, loadSize));
            ch.addData(buf);
            bytesWritten += buf.length();
            bytesToWrite -= buf.length();
            buf.resize(0);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }

        if(bytesWritten == totalBytes)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    localFile.close();
    QByteArray md5 = ch.result();
    return md5.toHex().data();
}

C语言使用MD5

md5.h:


#ifndef MD5_H
#define MD5_H

typedef struct
{
    unsigned int count[2];
    unsigned int state[4];
    unsigned char buffer[64];   
}MD5_CTX;


#define F(x,y,z) ((x & y) | (~x & z))
#define G(x,y,z) ((x & z) | (y & ~z))
#define H(x,y,z) (x^y^z)
#define I(x,y,z) (y ^ (x | ~z))
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x,n) ((x << n) | (x >> (32-n)))
#define FF(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
          { \
          a += F(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
          a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
          a += b; \
          }
#define GG(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
          { \
          a += G(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
          a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
          a += b; \
          }
#define HH(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
          { \
          a += H(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
          a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
          a += b; \
          }
#define II(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \
          { \
          a += I(b,c,d) + x + ac; \
          a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \
          a += b; \
          }                                            
void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context);
void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char *input,unsigned int inputlen);
void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char digest[16]);
void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4],unsigned char block[64]);
void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output,unsigned int *input,unsigned int len);
void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output,unsigned char *input,unsigned int len);

#endif

md5.c:


#include 
#include "md5.h"

unsigned char PADDING[]={0x80,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};

void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context)
{
     context->count[0] = 0;
     context->count[1] = 0;
     context->state[0] = 0x67452301;
     context->state[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
     context->state[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
     context->state[3] = 0x10325476;
}
void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char *input,unsigned int inputlen)
{
    unsigned int i = 0,index = 0,partlen = 0;
    index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;
    partlen = 64 - index;
    context->count[0] += inputlen << 3;
    if(context->count[0] < (inputlen << 3))
       context->count[1]++;
    context->count[1] += inputlen >> 29;

    if(inputlen >= partlen)
    {
       memcpy(&context->buffer[index],input,partlen);
       MD5Transform(context->state,context->buffer);
       for(i = partlen;i+64 <= inputlen;i+=64)
           MD5Transform(context->state,&input[i]);
       index = 0;        
    }  
    else
    {
        i = 0;
    }
    memcpy(&context->buffer[index],&input[i],inputlen-i);
}
void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char digest[16])
{
    unsigned int index = 0,padlen = 0;
    unsigned char bits[8];
    index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;
    padlen = (index < 56)?(56-index):(120-index);
    MD5Encode(bits,context->count,8);
    MD5Update(context,PADDING,padlen);
    MD5Update(context,bits,8);
    MD5Encode(digest,context->state,16);
}
void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output,unsigned int *input,unsigned int len)
{
    unsigned int i = 0,j = 0;
    while(j < len)
    {
         output[j] = input[i] & 0xFF;  
         output[j+1] = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xFF;
         output[j+2] = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;
         output[j+3] = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;
         i++;
         j+=4;
    }
}
void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output,unsigned char *input,unsigned int len)
{
     unsigned int i = 0,j = 0;
     while(j < len)
     {
           output[i] = (input[j]) |
                       (input[j+1] << 8) |
                       (input[j+2] << 16) |
                       (input[j+3] << 24);
           i++;
           j+=4; 
     }
}
void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4],unsigned char block[64])
{
     unsigned int a = state[0];
     unsigned int b = state[1];
     unsigned int c = state[2];
     unsigned int d = state[3];
     unsigned int x[64];
     MD5Decode(x,block,64);
     FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 0], 7, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
 FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 1], 12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
 FF(c, d, a, b, x[ 2], 17, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
 FF(b, c, d, a, x[ 3], 22, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
 FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 4], 7, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
 FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 5], 12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
 FF(c, d, a, b, x[ 6], 17, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
 FF(b, c, d, a, x[ 7], 22, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
 FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 8], 7, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
 FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 9], 12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
 FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], 17, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
 FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], 22, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
 FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], 7, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
 FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], 12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
 FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], 17, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
 FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], 22, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */

 /* Round 2 */
 GG(a, b, c, d, x[ 1], 5, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
 GG(d, a, b, c, x[ 6], 9, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
 GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], 14, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
 GG(b, c, d, a, x[ 0], 20, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
 GG(a, b, c, d, x[ 5], 5, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
 GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], 9,  0x2441453); /* 22 */
 GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], 14, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
 GG(b, c, d, a, x[ 4], 20, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
 GG(a, b, c, d, x[ 9], 5, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
 GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], 9, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
 GG(c, d, a, b, x[ 3], 14, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
 GG(b, c, d, a, x[ 8], 20, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
 GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], 5, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
 GG(d, a, b, c, x[ 2], 9, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
 GG(c, d, a, b, x[ 7], 14, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
 GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], 20, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */

 /* Round 3 */
 HH(a, b, c, d, x[ 5], 4, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
 HH(d, a, b, c, x[ 8], 11, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
 HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], 16, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
 HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], 23, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
 HH(a, b, c, d, x[ 1], 4, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
 HH(d, a, b, c, x[ 4], 11, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
 HH(c, d, a, b, x[ 7], 16, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
 HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], 23, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
 HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], 4, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
 HH(d, a, b, c, x[ 0], 11, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
 HH(c, d, a, b, x[ 3], 16, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
 HH(b, c, d, a, x[ 6], 23,  0x4881d05); /* 44 */
 HH(a, b, c, d, x[ 9], 4, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
 HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], 11, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
 HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], 16, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
 HH(b, c, d, a, x[ 2], 23, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */

 /* Round 4 */
 II(a, b, c, d, x[ 0], 6, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
 II(d, a, b, c, x[ 7], 10, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
 II(c, d, a, b, x[14], 15, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
 II(b, c, d, a, x[ 5], 21, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
 II(a, b, c, d, x[12], 6, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
 II(d, a, b, c, x[ 3], 10, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
 II(c, d, a, b, x[10], 15, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
 II(b, c, d, a, x[ 1], 21, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
 II(a, b, c, d, x[ 8], 6, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
 II(d, a, b, c, x[15], 10, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
 II(c, d, a, b, x[ 6], 15, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
 II(b, c, d, a, x[13], 21, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
 II(a, b, c, d, x[ 4], 6, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
 II(d, a, b, c, x[11], 10, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
 II(c, d, a, b, x[ 2], 15, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
 II(b, c, d, a, x[ 9], 21, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */
     state[0] += a;
     state[1] += b;
     state[2] += c;
     state[3] += d;
}

获取某个字符串的md5:

#include   
#include   
#include   
#include "md5.h"  

int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
{  
    MD5_CTX md5;  
    MD5Init(&md5);           
    int i;  
    unsigned char encrypt[] ="admin";//21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3  
    unsigned char decrypt[16];      
    MD5Update(&md5,encrypt,strlen((char *)encrypt));  
    MD5Final(&md5,decrypt);   

    printf("加密前:%s\n加密后16位:",encrypt);  
    for(i=4;i<12;i++)  
    {  
        printf("02x",decrypt[i]);  //02x前需要加上 %  
    }  

    printf("\n加密前:%s\n加密后32位:",encrypt);  
    for(i=0;i<16;i++)  
    {  
        printf("02x",decrypt[i]);  //02x前需要加上 %  
    }  

    return 0;  
}  

获取某个文件的md5:

#include
#include
#include
#include "md5.h"

#define READ_DATA_SIZE  1024
#define MD5_SIZE        16
#define MD5_STR_LEN     (MD5_SIZE * 2)

int Compute_file_md5(const char *file_path, char *value);

int Compute_file_md5(const char *file_path, char *md5_str)
{
    int i;
    FILE *fp;
    int ret;
    unsigned char data[READ_DATA_SIZE];
    unsigned char md5_value[MD5_SIZE];
    MD5_CTX md5;

    fp = fopen(file_path, "rb");
    if (NULL == fp)
    {
        perror("fopen");
        return -1;
    }

    // init md5
    MD5Init(&md5);

    while (1)
    {
        ret = fread(data,1,  READ_DATA_SIZE, fp);
        if (-1 ==  ret)
        {
            perror("read");
            return -1;
        }

        MD5Update(&md5, data, ret);

        if (0 == ret || ret < READ_DATA_SIZE)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    fclose(fp);

    MD5Final(&md5, md5_value);

    char tmp[100] = { 0 };
    memset(md5_str, 0, MD5_STR_LEN + 1);

    for (i = 0; i < MD5_SIZE; i++)
    {
        sprintf(tmp, "%02x", md5_value[i]);
        strcat(md5_str, tmp);
    }
    //md5_str[MD5_STR_LEN] = '\0'; // add end

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int ret;
    const char *file_path = "1.jpg";
    char md5_str[MD5_STR_LEN + 1] = { 0 };

    ret = Compute_file_md5(file_path, md5_str);
    if (0 == ret)
    {
        printf("[file - %s] md5 value:\n", file_path);
        printf("%s\n", md5_str);
    }

    return 0;
}

本教程源码下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/tennysonsky/9878448

参考资料:
1、https://www.zhihu.com/question/22311285

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