【英语学习】英语语法术语表 English Grammar Terminology

文章目录

  • Basic Terminology 基础词汇
  • Nouns 名词
  • Pronoun 代词
  • Verb 动词
  • Tense 时态
  • Voice & Mood 语态&语气
  • Adverb & Conjunction 副词&连词
  • Sentence 句子
  • Predicate & Object etc. 谓语&宾语等
  • Phrases 短语
  • Clauses 从句
  • Word-Order 语序
  • Punctuation 标点符号

跟英语外教讨论语法现象时,好多语法术语都不会;整理个语法术语表在这里。

Basic Terminology 基础词汇

英文 中文 备注
Morphology 词法
Syntax 句法
Notional Words 实意词
Form Words 虚词
Parts of Speech 词类
Noun 名词
Pronoun 代词
Numeral 数词
Adjective 形容词
Verb 动词
Adverb 副词
Article 冠词
Preposition 介词
Conjunction 连词
Interjection 感叹词
Determiner 限定词
Particle 小品词
Word Building 构词法
Conversion 转化
Derivation (Affixaton) 派生(词缀法)
Compounding (Composition) 合成
Prefix(es) 前缀
Suffix(es) 后缀
Compound Words 合成词

Nouns 名词

英文 中文 备注
Classification of Nouns 名词的分类
Common Nouns 普通名词
Proper Nouns 专有名词
Individual Nouns 个体名词
Collective Nouns 集体名词
Material Nouns 物质名词
Abstract Nouns 抽象名词
Countable Nouns 可数名词
Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词
The Singular Form 单数形势
The Plural Form 复数形式
The Common Case 普通格
The Possessive Case 所有格
Gender
The Definite Article 定冠词
The Indefinite Article 不定冠词

Pronoun 代词

英文 中文 备注
Person Pronouns 人称代词
Possessive Pronouns 物主代词
Self Pronouns 自身代词
Demonstrative Pronouns 指示代词
Interrogative Pronouns 疑问代词
Conjunctive Pronouns 连接代词
Relative Pronouns 关系代词
Reciprocal Pronouns 相互代词
Indefinite Pronouns 不定代词
The Absolute Forms of
Possessive Pronouns
物主代词的绝对形式
The Subjective Case 主格
The Objective Case 宾格
Cardinal Numbers 基数词
Ordinal Numbers 序数词
Fractional Numbers 分数词
Degree of Comparison 比较的级别
The Comparative Degree 比较级
The Superlative Degree 最高级

Verb 动词

英文 中文 备注
Notional Verbs 实义动词
Link-verbs 系动词
Auxiliary Verbs
(Helping verbs)
助动词
Modal Verbs 情态动词
Transitive Verbs 及物动词
Intransitive Verbs 不及物动词
Regular Verbs 规则动词
Irregular Verbs 不规则动词
Phrasal Verbs 成语动词
Delexical Verbs 虚意动词 Explanation of Delexical verbs
Ditransitive Verbs 双宾动词
Defective Verbs 无变化动词 人家动词都会变,这种 “有缺陷的
动词不会变化,例如 ought to, must 等
Stative Verbs 静态动词
Instantaneous Verbs 短暂(瞬时)动词
Ergative Verbs 作格词
(兼做及物与不及物动词的动词)
1950s: from Greek ergatēs ‘worker’ (from ergon ‘work’) + -ive.
看到词源也猜不出这个术语的意思 ?
The Finite Form of the Verb 动词的限定形式
Person 人称
Number
Tense 时态
Mood 语气
The Non-finite Forms of the Verb 动词的非限定形式
The Principal Forms of the Verb 动词的主要形式
The Present Forms 现在式
The Past Forms 过去式
The Participle 分词
The Present Participle 现在分词
The Past Participle 过去分词
The Infinitive 不定式
Bare Infinitive 光秃不定式 即:不带to的动词不定式
The Gerund 动名词
The Verbal Noun 名词化的动名词
Contraction 动词的紧缩形式

Tense 时态

Present Past Future Past Future
Indefinite
(Simple)
The Present indefinite The Past Indefinite The Future Indefinite The Past Future Indefinite
Continuous
(Progress)
The Present Continuous The Pass Continuous The Future Continuous The Past Future Continuous
Perfect The Present Perfect The Past Perfect The Future Perfect The Past Future Perfect
Perfect Continuous The Present Perfect Continuous The Past Perfect Continuous The Future Perfect Continuous The Past Future Perfect Continuous
英文 中文 备注
The Present Indefinite 一般现在时
The Past Indefinite 一般过去时
The Future Indefinite 一般将来时
The Past Future Indefinite 一般过去将来时
The Present Continuous 现在进行时
The Past Continuous 过去进行时
The Future Continuous 将来进行时
The Past Future Continuous 过去将来进行时
The Present Perfect 现在完成时
The Past Perfect 过去完成时
The Future Perfect 将来完成时
The Past Future Perfect 过去将来完成时
The Present Perfect Continuous 现在完成进行时
The Past Perfect Continuous 过去完成进行时
The Future Perfect Continuous 将来完成进行时
The Past Future Perfect Continuous 过去将来完成进行时
The Sequence of Tenses 时态的呼应

Voice & Mood 语态&语气

英文 中文 备注
The Passive Voice 被动语态
The Active Voice 主动语态
The Indicative Mood 陈述语气
The Imperative Mood 祈使语气
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 注:觉得译成 “主观语气” 更贴切,
陈述语气 即是 “客观语气”
Sentences of Real Condition 真实条件句
Sentences of Unreal Condition 虚拟条件句
Conditional Sentence of Mixed Time 错综时间条件句
Sentences of Implied Condition 含蓄条件句

Adverb & Conjunction 副词&连词

英文 中文 备注
Adverbs of Time 时间副词
Adverbs of Place 地点副词
Adverbs of Manner 方式副词
Adverbs of Degree 程度副词
Adverbs of Frequency 频度副词
Relative Adverbs 关系副词 注:还有一个Relative Pronoun(关系代词)
Conjunctive Adverbs 连接副词
Interrogative Adverbs 疑问副词
Coordinating Conjunctions 并列连词
Subordinating Conjunctions 从属连词

Sentence 句子

英文 中文 备注
Members of the Sentence 句子的成分
The Subject 主语
Preparatory Subject 先行主语
The Predicate 谓语
The Predicative 表语
The Object 宾语
Retained Object 保留宾语
The Attribute 定语
The Adverbial (Modifier) 状语
The Appositive 同位语
Independent Elements 独立成分
Declarative Sentences 陈述句
Imperative Sentences 祈使句
Exclamatory Sentences 感叹句
Interrogative Sentences 疑问句
General Questions 一般疑问句
Special Questions 特殊疑问句
Alternative Questions 选择疑问句
Disjunctive Questions 反意疑问句
Simple Sentences 简单句
Compound Sentences 并列句
Complex Sentences 复合句
Compound Complex Sentences 并列复合句
One-member Sentences 单部句
Two-member Sentences 双部句
Elliptical Sentences 省略句
Cleft Sentence 分列句

Predicate & Object etc. 谓语&宾语等

英文 中文 备注
The Simple Predicate 简单谓语
The Compound Predicate 复合谓语
The Compound Verbal Predicate 表行为的复合谓语
The Compound Nominal Predicate 表性状的复合谓语
The Direct Object 直接宾语
The Indirect Object 间接宾语
The Complex Object 复合宾语
The cognate Object 同源宾语 cognate: early 17th century: from Latin cognatus, from co- ‘together with’ + natus ‘born’.
Direct Address 呼语
Parenthesis 插入语
Direct Speech 直接引语
Indirect Speech 间接引语
Absolute Constructions 独立结构

Phrases 短语

英文 中文 备注
Participial Phrase 分词短语
Prepositional Phrase 介词短语
Infinitive Phrases 不定式短语
Verb Phrases 动词短语
Phrasal Verbs 成语动词

Clauses 从句

英文 中文 备注
Main Clauses 主句
Subordinate Clauses 从句
Subject Clauses 主语从句
Object Clauses 宾语从句
Predicative Clauses 标语从句
Attributive Clauses 定语从句
Appositive Clauses 同位语从句
Adverbial Clauses 状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Place 地点状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Cause 原因状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Condition 条件状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Degree (Result) 程度(结果)状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Comparison 比较状语从句
Adverbial Clauses of Manner 方式状语从句
Defining Attributive Clauses 限定性定语从句
Non-defining Attributive Clauses 非限定性定语从句
Limiting Attributes 限定性定语
Descriptive Attributes 描绘性定语

Word-Order 语序

英文 中文 备注
Natural Word-order 自然语序
Inverted Word-order 倒装语序
Inversion 倒桩
Full Inversion 完全倒桩
Partial Inversion 部分倒桩
Ellipsis 省略
Substitution 替代
Transformation of Sentences 句型转换
Analysis of Sentences 句子分析

Punctuation 标点符号

英文 中文 备注
Period (Full Stop) 句号
Question Mark 问号
Exclamation Mark 感叹号
Comma 逗号
Colon 冒号
Dash 破折号
Hyphen 连字符
Brackets 括号
Quotation Marks 引号
Apostrophe 撇号

你可能感兴趣的:(医学英语)