在iOS中,图形可分为以下几个层次:
越上层,封装程度越高,动画实现越简洁越简单,但是自由度越低;反之亦然。本文着重介绍Core Animation层的基本动画实现方案。
在iOS中,展示动画可以类比于显示生活中的“拍电影”。拍电影有三大要素:演员+剧本+开拍,概念类比如下:
演员--->CALayer,规定电影的主角是谁 剧本--->CAAnimation,规定电影该怎么演,怎么走,怎么变换 开拍--->AddAnimation,开始执行
一、概念介绍
1.1CALayer是什么呢?
CALayer是个与UIView很类似的概念,同样有layer,sublayer...,同样有backgroundColor、frame等相似的属性,我们可以将UIView看做一种特殊的CALayer,只不过UIView可以响应事件而已。一般来说,layer可以有两种用途,二者不互相冲突:一是对view相关属性的设置,包括圆角、阴影、边框等参数,更详细的参数请点击这里;二是实现对view的动画操控。因此对一个view进行core animation动画,本质上是对该view的.layer进行动画操纵。
1.2CAAnimation是什么呢?
CAAnimation可分为四种:
二、动手干活
实践出真知,看个例子就知道:
比如我们想实现一个类似心跳的缩放动画可以这么做,分为演员初始化、设定剧本、电影开拍三个步骤:
- (void)initScaleLayer
{
//演员初始化
CALayer *scaleLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
scaleLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
scaleLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 20 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
scaleLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
[self.view.layer addSublayer:scaleLayer];
[scaleLayer release];
//设定剧本
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.5];
scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES;
scaleAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
//开演
[scaleLayer addAnimation:scaleAnimation forKey:@"scaleAnimation"];
}
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib. [self initScaleLayer]; }
效果请参考附图中的绿色方块(我不懂在mac下怎么录制gif图,先借用kk的图)。其他效果可以依葫芦画瓢轻松实现。想要实现不同的效果,最关键的地方在于CABasicAnimation对象的初始化方式中keyPath的设定。在iOS中有以下几种不同的keyPath,代表着不同的效果:
此外,我们还可以利用GroupAnimation实现多种动画的组合,在GroupAnimation中的各个动画类型是同时进行的。
1 - (void)initGroupLayer 2 { 3 //演员初始化 4 CALayer *groupLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init]; 5 groupLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 340+100 + kYOffset, 50, 50); 6 groupLayer.cornerRadius = 10; 7 groupLayer.backgroundColor = [[UIColor purpleColor] CGColor]; 8 [self.view.layer addSublayer:groupLayer]; 9 [groupLayer release]; 10 11 //设定剧本 12 CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"]; 13 scaleAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0]; 14 scaleAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.5]; 15 scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES; 16 scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT; 17 scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8; 18 19 CABasicAnimation *moveAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"]; 20 moveAnimation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:groupLayer.position]; 21 moveAnimation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(320 - 80, 22 groupLayer.position.y)]; 23 moveAnimation.autoreverses = YES; 24 moveAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT; 25 moveAnimation.duration = 2; 26 27 CABasicAnimation *rotateAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.x"]; 28 rotateAnimation.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0]; 29 rotateAnimation.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:6.0 * M_PI]; 30 rotateAnimation.autoreverses = YES; 31 rotateAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT; 32 rotateAnimation.duration = 2; 33 34 CAAnimationGroup *groupAnnimation = [CAAnimationGroup animation]; 35 groupAnnimation.duration = 2; 36 groupAnnimation.autoreverses = YES; 37 groupAnnimation.animations = @[moveAnimation, scaleAnimation, rotateAnimation]; 38 groupAnnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT; 39 //开演 40 [groupLayer addAnimation:groupAnnimation forKey:@"groupAnnimation"]; 41 }
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib. [self initGroupLayer]; }
完整的demo工程点CAAnimationDemo.zip下载
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