python模块之xml.etree.ElementTree
xml.etree.ElementTree用于解析和构建XML文件
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/rank
>
/year
>
/gdppc
>
<
/country
>
/rank
>
/year
>
/gdppc
>
<
/country
>
/rank
>
/year
>
/gdppc
>
<
/country
>
<
/data
>
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解析XML文件
parse()函数，从xml文件返回ElementTree
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from
xml.etree.ElementTree
import
parse
tree
=
parse(
'demo.xml'
)
/
/
获取ElementTree
root
=
tree.getroot()
/
/
获取根元素
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Element.tag 、Element.attrib、Element.text
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8
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In [
6
]: root.tag
Out[
6
]:
'data'
In [
7
]: root.attrib
Out[
7
]: {}
In [
25
]: root.text
Out[
25
]:
'\n '
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for child in root 迭代获得子元素
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In [
8
]:
for
child
in
root:
...:
print
(child.tag, child.attrib)
...:
country {
'name'
:
'Liechtenstein'
}
country {
'name'
:
'Singapore'
}
country {
'name'
:
'Panama'
}
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Element.get() 获得属性值
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In [
27
]:
for
child
in
root:
...:
print
(child.tag, child.get(
'name'
))
...:
country Liechtenstein
country Singapore
country Panama
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root.getchildren() 获得直接子元素
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In [
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]: root.getchildren()
Out[
21
]:
[
'country'
at
0x7f673581c728
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>]
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root[0][1] 根据索引查找子元素
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In [
9
]: root[
0
][
1
].text
Out[
9
]:
'2008'
In [
10
]: root[
1
][
0
].text
Out[
10
]:
'4'
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root.find() 根据tag查找直接子元素，返回查到的第一个元素
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In [
13
]: root.find(
'country'
).attrib
Out[
13
]: {
'name'
:
'Liechtenstein'
}
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root.findall() 根据tag查找直接子元素，返回查到的所有元素的列表
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In [
16
]:
for
country
in
root.findall(
'country'
):
...:
print
(country.attrib)
...:
{
'name'
:
'Liechtenstein'
}
{
'name'
:
'Singapore'
}
{
'name'
:
'Panama'
}
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root.iterfind() 根据tag查找直接子元素，返回查到的所有元素的生成器
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In [
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]: root.iterfind(
'country'
)
Out[
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]:
object
prepare_child.<
locals
>.select at
0x7f6736dccfc0
>
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支持的XPath语句(XML Path)
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In [
19
]: root.findall(
'.//rank'
)
/
/
查找任意层次元素
Out[
19
]:
[
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c8b8
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c6d8
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581cc78
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country/*'
)
/
/
查找孙子节点元素
Out[
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]:
[
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c8b8
>,
'year'
at
0x7f673581cbd8
>,
'gdppc'
at
0x7f673581c958
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581c688
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cb38
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c6d8
>,
'year'
at
0x7f673581c5e8
>,
'gdppc'
at
0x7f673581c868
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cb88
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581cc78
>,
'year'
at
0x7f673581ccc8
>,
'gdppc'
at
0x7f673581cd18
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cd68
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cdb8
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'.//rank/..'
)
/
/
..表示父元素
Out[
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]:
[
'country'
at
0x7f673581c728
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[@name]'
)
/
/
包含name属性的country
Out[
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]:
[
'country'
at
0x7f673581c728
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[@name="Singapore"]'
)
/
/
name属性为Singapore的country
Out[
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]: [
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[rank]'
)
/
/
孩子元素中包含rank的country
Out[
36
]:
[
'country'
at
0x7f673581c728
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[rank="68"]'
)
/
/
孩子元素中包含rank且rank元素的text为
68
的country
Out[
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]: [
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[1]'
)
/
/
第一个country
Out[
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]: [
'country'
at
0x7f673581c728
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[last()]'
)
/
/
最后一个country
Out[
39
]: [
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>]
In [
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]: root.findall(
'country[last()-1]'
)
/
/
倒数第二个country
Out[
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]: [
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>]
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root.iter() 递归查询指定的或所有子元素
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In [
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]: root.
iter
()
Out[
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]: <_elementtree._element_iterator at
0x7f67355dd728
>
In [
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]:
list
(root.
iter
())
Out[
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]:
[
'data'
at
0x7f673581c778
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581c728
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c8b8
>,
'year'
at
0x7f673581cbd8
>,
'gdppc'
at
0x7f673581c958
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581c688
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cb38
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581ca98
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c6d8
>,
'year'
at
0x7f673581c5e8
>,
'gdppc'
at
0x7f673581c868
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cb88
>,
'country'
at
0x7f673581cc28
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581cc78
>,
'year'
at
0x7f673581ccc8
>,
'gdppc'
at
0x7f673581cd18
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cd68
>,
'neighbor'
at
0x7f673581cdb8
>]
In [
31
]:
list
(root.
iter
(
'rank'
))
Out[
31
]:
[
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c8b8
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581c6d8
>,
'rank'
at
0x7f673581cc78
>]
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