A - Colorful Subsequence
答案是
\(\prod_{c = 'a'}^{'z'} (cnt[c] + 1)\)
#include
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pii pair
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define space putchar(' ')
#define enter putchar('\n')
#define MAXN 200005
#define eps 1e-12
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef double db;
template
void read(T &res) {
res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
if(c == '-') f = -1;
c = getchar();
}
while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
res = res * 10 + c - '0';
c = getchar();
}
res *= f;
}
template
void out(T x) {
if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
if(x >= 10) {
out(x / 10);
}
putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
const int MOD = 1000000007;
int N;
char s[MAXN];
int cnt[35];
void Solve() {
read(N);
scanf("%s",s + 1);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
cnt[s[i] - 'a']++;
}
int res = 1;
for(int i = 0 ; i < 26 ; ++i) {
res = 1LL * res * (1 + cnt[i]) % MOD;
}
res = (res + MOD - 1) % MOD;
out(res);enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
Solve();
}
B - Reversi
记\(dp[i][0/1]\)表示没有进行操作/进行了操作
\(dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + dp[i - 1][1]\)
如果\(C[i - 1] == C[i]\),那么不能进行操作
否则可以从前面所有\(C[k - 1] != C[k]\)且\(C[i] == C[k]\)的地方转移过来;
#include
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pii pair
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define space putchar(' ')
#define enter putchar('\n')
#define MAXN 200005
#define eps 1e-12
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef double db;
template
void read(T &res) {
res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
if(c == '-') f = -1;
c = getchar();
}
while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
res = res * 10 + c - '0';
c = getchar();
}
res *= f;
}
template
void out(T x) {
if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
if(x >= 10) {
out(x / 10);
}
putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
const int MOD = 1000000007;
int N,C[MAXN],sum[MAXN];
int dp[MAXN][2];
int inc(int a,int b) {
return a + b >= MOD ? a + b - MOD : a + b;
}
int mul(int a,int b) {
return 1LL * a * b % MOD;
}
void Solve() {
read(N);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
read(C[i]);
}
dp[0][0] = 1;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
dp[i][0] = inc(dp[i - 1][1],dp[i - 1][0]);
if(C[i] != C[i - 1]) {
dp[i][1] = sum[C[i]];
sum[C[i]] = inc(sum[C[i]],dp[i][0]);
}
}
out(inc(dp[N][0],dp[N][1]));enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
Solve();
}
C - Differ by 1 Bit
这道题用数学归纳法
A和B中1的奇偶性必须不同
显然N = 1的的时候肯定成立
如果\(N = K +1\),且\(N = K\)时成立
这个时候找\(A\)和\(B\)中不同的一位,删掉,此时\(A\)和\(B\)中1的奇偶性相同
然后现在是两个\(K\)位数,我们设一个\(K\)位数\(C\),和\(A,B\)的1的奇偶性不同
然后\(A\)到\(C\)可以到达,\(C\)到\(B\)也可以达到,递归处理,然后将前\(2^K\)删掉的位置添加上,且与\(A\)相同,后\(2^{K}\)删掉的位置添加上和\(B\)相同
#include
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pii pair
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define space putchar(' ')
#define enter putchar('\n')
#define MAXN 200005
#define eps 1e-12
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef double db;
template
void read(T &res) {
res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
if(c == '-') f = -1;
c = getchar();
}
while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
res = res * 10 + c - '0';
c = getchar();
}
res *= f;
}
template
void out(T x) {
if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
if(x >= 10) {
out(x / 10);
}
putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
int N,A,B;
int Delete(int x,int p) {
int d = x & (1 << p) - 1;
int u = x & (1 << 20) - (1 << p + 1);
return (u >> 1) + d;
}
int Insert(int x,int p,int v) {
int d = x & (1 << p) - 1;
int u = x & (1 << 20) - (1 << p);
return (u << 1) + v + d;
}
vector Calc(int s,int t,int n) {
if(n == 1) {
vector v;v.pb(s);v.pb(t);
return v;
}
int x = 1,p = 0;
while(1) {
if((s & x) != (t & x)) break;
x <<= 1;++p;
}
int a,b;
a = Delete(s,p);b = Delete(t,p);
int c = a ^ 1;
vector f = Calc(a,c,n - 1),h = Calc(c,b,n - 1);
for(int i = 0 ; i < (1 << n - 1) ; ++i) {
f[i] = Insert(f[i],p,(s & x));
h[i] = Insert(h[i],p,(t & x));
}
f.insert(f.end(),h.begin(),h.end());
return f;
}
int count(int x) {
int res = 0;
while(x) {
res += (x & 1);
x >>= 1;
}
return res;
}
void Solve() {
read(N);read(A);read(B);
if(!(count(A^B) & 1)) {puts("NO");return;}
puts("YES");
vector ans = Calc(A,B,N);
for(int i = 0 ; i < (1 << N) ; ++i) {
out(ans[i]);space;
}
enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
Solve();
}
D - A Sequence of Permutations
设\(p\cdot q = t\),\(t_{i} = p_{q_{i}}\)
这里面\(a_{2} = q\cdot p^{-1}\)
我们把这个写成\(a = ABA^{-1}\)的形式
可以得到
设\(a = (A,B)\)
\(a_{1} = (id,p)\)
\(a_{2} = (id,q)\)
\(a_{3} = (id,qp^{-1})\)
\(a_{4} = (q,p^{-1})\)
\(a_5 = (qp^{-1},q^{-1})\)
\(a_6 = (qp^{-1},q^{-1}p)\)
\(a_{7} = (qp^{-1}q^{-1}p,p)\)
\(a_8 = (qp^{-1}q^{-1}p,q)\)
发现6次B一个重复
前面是\(qp^{-1}q^{-1}p\)的\(\lfloor \frac{K - 1}{6}\rfloor\)次幂
#include
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pii pair
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define space putchar(' ')
#define enter putchar('\n')
#define MAXN 100005
#define eps 1e-10
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef double db;
template
void read(T &res) {
res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
if(c == '-') f = -1;
c = getchar();
}
while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
res = res * 10 + c - '0';
c = getchar();
}
res *= f;
}
template
void out(T x) {
if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
if(x >= 10) {
out(x / 10);
}
putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
int N,K;
struct pl {
int f[100005];
friend pl operator * (const pl &a,const pl &b) {
pl c;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) c.f[i] = a.f[b.f[i]];
return c;
}
pl inv() {
pl c;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
c.f[f[i]] = i;
}
return c;
}
}p,q,iq,ip,s,res,t,ans;
void fpow(int c) {
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) res.f[i] = i;
t = s;
while(c) {
if(c & 1) res = res * t;
t = t * t;
c >>= 1;
}
}
void Solve() {
read(N);read(K);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) read(p.f[i]);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) read(q.f[i]);
ip = p.inv();iq = q.inv();
s = q * ip * iq * p;
fpow((K - 1) / 6);
int x = (K - 1) % 6;
if(x == 0) {
ans = res * p * res.inv();
}
else if(x == 1) {
ans = res * q * res.inv();
}
else if(x == 2) {
ans = res * q * ip * res.inv();
}
else if(x == 3) {
res = res * q;
ans = res * ip * res.inv();
}
else if(x == 4) {
res = res * q * ip;
ans = res * iq * res.inv();
}
else if(x == 5) {
res = res * q * ip;
ans = res * iq * p * res.inv();
}
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
out(ans.f[i]);space;
}
enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
Solve();
}
E - Snuke the Phantom Thief
假如只能选K个,那么我们可以建出限制
对于一维的,如果是小于等于\(a\)最多选\(b\)个,那么相当于第\(b+1\)个必须在大于等于\(a + 1\)
如果大于等于\(a\)最多选\(b\)个,那么相当于第\(K - b\)个必须在小于等于\(a - 1\)处
这样可以对于每一个求一个左右限制出来
满足
\(L_{1} \leq L_{2} \leq L_{3}\leq \cdots \leq L_{k}\)
\(R_{1} \leq R_{2} \leq R_{3} \leq \cdots \leq R_{k}\)
然后对两维都求这个限制
建K个点表示x轴上选的第几个,K个点表示y轴上选的第几个
然后2N个点表示每个珠宝各两个点,中间连一条容量为1,价值为珠宝价值的边
然后前K个表示x轴上的点,和x符合条件的珠宝连一条容量为1代价为0的边
然后每个珠宝的第二个点和自身y匹配哪个限制连一条容量为1代价为0的边
然后原点向前K个连一条边,后K个向汇点连一条边,都是容量为1价值为0
#include
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pii pair
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define space putchar(' ')
#define enter putchar('\n')
#define MAXN 100005
#define eps 1e-10
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef double db;
template
void read(T &res) {
res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
if(c == '-') f = -1;
c = getchar();
}
while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
res = res * 10 + c - '0';
c = getchar();
}
res *= f;
}
template
void out(T x) {
if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
if(x >= 10) {
out(x / 10);
}
putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
struct node {
int to,next,cap;int64 val;
}E[1000005];
int sumE,head[505],a[330],b[330],x[85],y[85],N,M;
int L[2][85],R[2][85],S,T,f;
int64 val[85],res,ans,ex;
bool vis[505];
char s[330][2];
void add(int u,int v,int c,int64 a) {
E[++sumE].to = v;
E[sumE].next = head[u];
E[sumE].cap = c;
E[sumE].val = a;
head[u] = sumE;
}
void addtwo(int u,int v,int c,int64 a) {
add(u,v,c,a);
add(v,u,0,-a);
}
void build(int K) {
sumE = 1;memset(head,0,sizeof(head));
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) L[0][i] = L[1][i] = 1,R[0][i] = R[1][i] = 100;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= M ; ++i) {
if(b[i] >= K) continue;
if(s[i][0] == 'L') {
L[0][b[i] + 1] = max(L[0][b[i] + 1],a[i] + 1);
}
else if(s[i][0] == 'R') {
R[0][K - b[i]] = min(R[0][K - b[i]],a[i] - 1);
}
else if(s[i][0] == 'D') {
L[1][b[i] + 1] = max(L[1][b[i] + 1],a[i] + 1);
}
else if(s[i][0] == 'U') {
R[1][K - b[i]] = min(R[1][K - b[i]],a[i] - 1);
}
}
for(int i = 2 ; i <= K ; ++i) {
L[0][i] = max(L[0][i - 1],L[0][i]);
L[1][i] = max(L[1][i - 1],L[1][i]);
}
for(int i = K - 1 ; i >= 1 ; --i) {
R[0][i] = min(R[0][i + 1],R[0][i]);
R[1][i] = min(R[1][i + 1],R[1][i]);
}
S = 1;T = 2 * K + 2 * N + 2;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= K ; ++i) {
addtwo(S,i + 1,1,0);
addtwo(i + K + 2 * N + 1,T,1,0);
for(int j = 1 ; j <= N ; ++j) {
if(x[j] >= L[0][i] && x[j] <= R[0][i]) {
addtwo(i + 1,K + j + 1,1,0);
}
if(y[j] >= L[1][i] && y[j] <= R[1][i]) {
addtwo(K + N + j + 1,i + K + 2 * N + 1,1,0);
}
}
}
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
addtwo(K + i + 1,K + N + i + 1,1,val[i]);
}
}
int maxflow(int u,int aug) {
if(u == T) {
res += ex * aug;
f += aug;
return aug;
}
int flow = 0;
vis[u] = 1;
for(int i = head[u] ; i ; i = E[i].next) {
int v = E[i].to;
if(E[i].cap > 0 && !vis[v] && E[i].val == 0) {
int t = maxflow(v,min(E[i].cap,aug - flow));
flow += t;
E[i].cap -= t;
E[i ^ 1].cap += t;
}
}
return flow;
}
bool modlabel() {
int64 p = -1e18;
for(int u = S ; u <= T ; ++u) {
if(vis[u]) {
for(int i = head[u] ; i ; i = E[i].next) {
int v = E[i].to;
if(!vis[v] && E[i].cap > 0 && E[i].val > p) p = E[i].val;
}
}
}
if(p == -1e18) return false;
ex += p;
for(int u = S ; u <= T ; ++u) {
if(vis[u]) {
for(int i = head[u] ; i ; i = E[i].next) {
E[i].val -= p;
E[i ^ 1].val += p;
}
}
}
return true;
}
void Init() {
read(N);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
read(x[i]);read(y[i]);read(val[i]);
}
read(M);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= M ; ++i) {
scanf("%s",s[i]);read(a[i]);read(b[i]);
}
}
void Solve() {
ans = 0;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= N ; ++i) {
build(i);
res = 0;ex = 0;
f = 0;
do {
do {
memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
}while(maxflow(1,i));
}while(modlabel());
if(f == i) ans = max(ans,res);
}
out(ans);enter;
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
Init();
Solve();
}
F - Walk on Graph
这道题特别神仙
反着来考虑,我们设\((v,x)\)表示\(v\)这个点有价值为\(x\),那么如果有一条边\((u,v,c)\),那么我们可以走到的状态是\((u,2x +c) \rightarrow (v,4x + 3c) \rightarrow (u,8x + 7c)\cdots\)
因为模数是奇数嘛,这么乘下去,一定会得到\(1\)的,感性理解可参照费马小定理
那么我们就知道了
\((v,x)\rightarrow(u,2x + c)\)
\((u,2x+c)\rightarrow(v,x)\)
这是一个双射
然后就是,如果一个点有代价为\(a\)和代价为\(b\)的边直接相连,那么它可以走到
\((v,x)\Leftrightarrow (v,4x + 3a)\)
\((v,x)\Leftrightarrow (v,4x + 3a)\)
我们可以选择这条路
\((v,4x + 3a) \rightarrow (v,x) \rightarrow(v,4x + 3b)\)
事实上,我们存在对4的逆元,那么\(4x\)可以表示任何数,那么我们就又得到了一条性质
\((v,x) \rightarrow (v,x + 3k(a - b)),k \in \Z\)
如果我们对于所有的边权之差和MOD求一个gcd,设为\(g\),\(g|a - b\)且\(g|b - c\)那么\(g|a - c\)所以这个\(g\)可以通过每条边减第一条边的绝对值的和MOD求gcd获得
事实上,我们的运算可以在\(gcd(MOD,3g)\)意义下进行
为什么呢,显然我们的模数要么是\(g\)要么是\(3g\)
如果是\(g\)的话,\(MOD\)和\(3\)互质,且一定存在两个不同的边权之差\(a - b\)和\(d - c\)互质,图是联通的,我们可以通过这两个互质的边权之差构造出,根据同余方程,然后这个时候和3又互质,所以3存在逆元,我们又可以构造出任意数,所以模\(g\)意义下相等的就都相等了
\(3g\)也是同理的。。。
好的,这个问题解决了,那么我们修改了模数后,所有的边权都相等了
那么现在有个问题,如果\((v,x)\rightarrow (u,2x + c)\)
现在我们是\((v,x)\rightarrow (u,2x + z + pg),(0 \leq p < 3)\)
看起来问题没什么实质性解决
但是如果我们认为\(x' = x + z\)边权减去\(z\)
从\(x \rightarrow 2x + z + pg\)
就是\(x' \rightarrow 2x' + pg = 2x + 2z + pg - z\)
这样的话边权都是g的倍数了,也满足\((v,x) \rightarrow (v,2x + c)\)
这样看起来很棒,那么就这样吧
于是我们的询问可以从\((t,z)\)到\((s,r + z)\)
那么一个点可以被表示成
因为\((v,x) \rightarrow (v,4x + 3c)\),而且\(c\)又是\(g\)的倍数,那么认为\((v,x) \rightarrow(v,4x)\)
那么就有\((v,2^{q}x + pg)\),\((0\leq q \leq 1,0 \leq p \leq 2)\)
这样图里只有6个点了,我们可以用并查集连一下
查询的时候
查\((t,x)\)和\((s,2^{p}x + qg)\)是否连通
这个可以得到
\(2^{p}z + qg = r + z\)
那么看一下\(r + z - qg\)是2的奇数次幂乘\(x\)还是2的偶数次幂乘\(x\)
#include
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pii pair
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define space putchar(' ')
#define enter putchar('\n')
#define eps 1e-10
//#define ivorysi
using namespace std;
typedef long long int64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef double db;
template
void read(T &res) {
res = 0;T f = 1;char c = getchar();
while(c < '0' || c > '9') {
if(c == '-') f = -1;
c = getchar();
}
while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
res = res * 10 +c - '0';
c = getchar();
}
res *= f;
}
template
void out(T x) {
if(x < 0) {x = -x;putchar('-');}
if(x >= 10) {
out(x / 10);
}
putchar('0' + x % 10);
}
const int maxn = 5e5 + 5,maxm = 1e6 + 5;;
int N,M,Q,MOD,f[maxn],t[maxn],v[maxn];
int fa[maxm * 6],z,g;
bool able[2][maxm];
int id(int u,int p,int q) {
return (u - 1) * 6 + p * 3 + q + 1;
}
int gcd(int a,int b) {
return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b,a % b);
}
int getfa(int u) {
return u == fa[u] ? u : fa[u] = getfa(fa[u]);
}
void Merge(int u,int v) {
fa[getfa(u)] = getfa(v);
}
void Init() {
read(N);read(M);read(Q);read(MOD);
read(f[1]);read(t[1]);read(v[1]);
g = MOD;
for(int i = 2 ; i <= M ; ++i) {
read(f[i]);read(t[i]);read(v[i]);
g = gcd(g,abs(v[i] - v[1]));
}
MOD = gcd(MOD,3 * g);
z = v[1] % g;
int T = id(N,1,2);
for(int i = 1 ; i <= T; ++i) fa[i] = i;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= M ; ++i) {
int w = (v[i] / g) % 3;
for(int p = 0 ; p < 2 ; ++p) {
for(int q = 0 ; q < 3 ; ++q) {
Merge(id(f[i],p,q),id(t[i],p ^ 1,(q * 2 + w) % 3));
Merge(id(t[i],p,q),id(f[i],p ^ 1,(q * 2 + w) % 3));
}
}
}
for(int i = 0 , j = z ; i < MOD ; ++i , j = j * 2 % MOD) able[i & 1][j] = 1;
}
void Solve() {
int s,t,r;
for(int i = 1 ; i <= Q ; ++i) {
read(s);read(t);read(r);
bool res = 0;
for(int p = 0 ; p < 2 ; ++p) {
for(int q = 0 ; q < 3 ; ++q) {
if(getfa(id(t,0,0)) == getfa(id(s,p,q))) {
if(able[p][(r + z + (3 - q) * g) % MOD]) res = 1;
}
}
}
if(res) puts("YES");
else puts("NO");
}
}
int main() {
#ifdef ivorysi
freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
#endif
Init();
Solve();
}