探寻ASP.NET MVC鲜为人知的奥秘(3):寻找多语言的最佳实践方式

如果你的网站需要被世界各地的人访问,访问者会使用各种不同的语言和文字书写习惯,那么创建一个支持多语言的网站就是十分必要的了,这一篇文章就讲述怎么快速合理的创建网站对多语言的支持。接下来通过一个实例来讲述实践方式。

首先创建一个ASP.NET MVC5应用程序,命名为Internationalization:

QQ截图20140619101226QQ截图20140619101450

然后在Models中添加一个示例的模型类:

public class Employee

    {

        [Display(Name = "Name", ResourceType = typeof(Resources.Resource))]

        [Required(ErrorMessageResourceType = typeof(Resources.Resource),

                  ErrorMessageResourceName = "NameRequired")]

        public string Name { get; set; }

    }

 

 

这里提到了Resources.Resource命名空间,接下来就创建它:

QQ截图20140619101924

这是一个单独的项目,用来存放各种语言的资源文件,我们创建了三个资源文件,分别存放了中文(默认)、英文和阿拉伯文,资源文件中存放了如下资源项:

 

QQ截图20140619102127

 QQ截图20140619102229

QQ截图20140619102213

注意:这里的资源因为需要在项目外部使用,所以需要将访问修饰符修改为Public

接下来就是如何来确定访问者要使用的语言了,在每个请求中,都会有一个Accept-language的头,其中定义了可接受的语言类型,但是我们仅可以从它来判断浏览器中设置的语言,而这个语言类型可能并不是访问者实际需要的语言类型,所以,我们将设计一个可供选择的语言列表,然后在服务器端使用发回Cookie的方式保存浏览器端实际需要的语言。

首先需要创建一个CultureHelper类,这个类的功能就是来判断访问者实际需要的语言类型:

 

public class CultureHelper

    {

        private static readonly List<string> validCultures = new List<string>() { "zh-cn", "en-us","ar" };

        private static readonly List<string> cultures = new List<string>() { "zh-cn", "en-us","ar" };



        public static bool IsRightToLeft()

        {

            return Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.IsRightToLeft;

        }



        public static string GetImplementedCulture(string name)

        {

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))

            {

                return GetDefaultCulture();

            }

            if (!validCultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Any())

            {

                return GetDefaultCulture();

            }

            if (cultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Any())

            {

                return name;

            }

            var n = GetNeutralCulture(name);

            foreach (var c in cultures)

            {

                if (c.StartsWith(n))

                {

                    return c;

                }

            }

            return GetDefaultCulture();

        }



        public static string GetDefaultCulture()

        {

            return cultures[0];

        }



        public static string GetCurrentCulture()

        {

            return Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name;

        }



        public static string GetCurrentNeutralCulture()

        {

            return GetNeutralCulture(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name);

        }



        public static string GetNeutralCulture(string name)

        {

            if (!name.Contains("-"))

            {

                return name;

            }

            else

            {

                return name.Split('-')[0];

            }

        }



    }

 

接下来创建一个BaseController类,并且确保之后创建的所有控制器继承自它:

public class BaseController : Controller

    {

        protected override IAsyncResult BeginExecuteCore(AsyncCallback callback, object state)

        {

            string cultureName = string.Empty;

            HttpCookie cultureCookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"];

            if (cultureCookie != null)

            {

                cultureName = cultureCookie.Value;

            }

            else

            {

                cultureName = Request.UserLanguages != null && Request.UserLanguages.Length > 0 ?

                    Request.UserLanguages[0] : null;

            }

            cultureName = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(cultureName);

            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new CultureInfo(cultureName);

            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;

            return base.BeginExecuteCore(callback,state);

        }

    }

 

创建一个EmployeeController,作为多语言实践的一个示例:

public class EmployeeController : BaseController

    {

        //

        // GET: /User/

        public ActionResult Index()

        {

            return View();

        }



        public ActionResult SetCulture(string culture)

        {

            culture = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(culture);

            HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"];

            if (cookie != null)

            {

                cookie.Value = culture;

            }

            else

            {

                cookie = new HttpCookie("_culture");

                cookie.Value = culture;

                cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);

            }

            Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);

            return RedirectToAction("Index");

        }

    }

 

在程序包管理控制台中,使用PS命令,安装Bootstrap对RightToLeft文字习惯的支持:

Install-Package Twitter.Bootstrap.RTL

 

然后在App_Start中的BundleConfig.cs中添加两个资源文字的虚拟捆绑路径:

bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/bootstrap-rtl").Include(

                     "~/Scripts/bootstrap-rtl.js",

                     "~/Scripts/respond.js"));



            bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/css-rtl").Include(

                      "~/Content/css/bootstrap-rtl.css",

                      "~/Content/site.css"));

 

最后,创建Index视图:

@model Internationalization.Models.Employee



@{

    ViewBag.Title = "Index";

    var culture = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name.ToLowerInvariant();

}



@helper selected(string c, string culture)

{

    if (c == culture)

    {

        @:checked="checked"

    }

}



@*选择语言列表*@

@using (Html.BeginForm("SetCulture", "Employee"))

{

    <fieldset>

        <legend></legend>

        <div class="control-group">

            <div class="

                 ">

                <label for="zh-cn">

                    <input name="culture" id="zh-cn" value="zh-cn" type="radio" @selected("zh-cn", culture) /> 中文

                </label>

            </div>

        </div>

        <div class="control-group">

            <div class="controls">

                <label for="en-us">

                    <input name="culture" id="en-us" value="en-us" type="radio" @selected("en-us", culture) /> English

                </label>

            </div>

        </div>

        <div class="control-group">

            <div class="controls">

                <label for="en-us">

                    <input name="culture" id="ar" value="ar" type="radio" @selected("ar", culture) />  عربي

                </label>

            </div>

        </div>



    </fieldset>

}





@*创建员工表单*@

@using (Html.BeginForm())

{

    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()



    <div class="form-horizontal">

        <h2>@Resources.Resource.AddEmployee</h2>

        <hr />

        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)



        <div class="form-group">

            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })

            <div class="col-md-10">

                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)

                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)

            </div>

        </div>



        <div class="form-group">

            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">

                <input type="submit" value="Create" class="btn btn-default" />

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

}



@*在选择语言后,自动提交*@

@section Scripts {

    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")

    <script type="text/javascript">

        (function ($) {

            $("input[type = 'radio']").click(function () {

                $(this).parents("form").submit(); // post form

            });



        })(jQuery);

    </script>

}

 

还需要更改_Layout.cshtml文件,当文字习惯为右到左时,需要切换bootstrap的样式文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="@Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.GetCurrentNeutralCulture()" dir="@(Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.IsRightToLeft() ? "rtl" : "ltr")">

<head>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

    <meta charset="utf-8" />

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

    <title>@ViewBag.Title - 我的 ASP.NET 应用程序</title>

    @Styles.Render("~/Content/css" + (Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.IsRightToLeft() ? "-rtl" : ""))

    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr")

</head>

<body>

    <div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">

        <div class="container">

            <div class="navbar-header">

                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">

                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>

                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>

                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>

                </button>

                @Html.ActionLink("应用程序名称", "Index", "Home", null, new { @class = "navbar-brand" })

            </div>

            <div class="navbar-collapse collapse">

                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">

                    <li>@Html.ActionLink("主页", "Index", "Home")</li>

                    <li>@Html.ActionLink("关于", "About", "Home")</li>

                    <li>@Html.ActionLink("联系方式", "Contact", "Home")</li>

                </ul>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="container body-content">

        @RenderBody()

        <hr />

        <footer>

            <p>&copy; @DateTime.Now.Year - 我的 ASP.NET 应用程序</p>

        </footer>

    </div>



    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")

    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap" + (Internationalization.Helpers.CultureHelper.IsRightToLeft() ? "-rtl" : ""))

    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)

</body>

</html>

演示效果:

QQ截图20140619104822 

QQ截图20140619104936

 

最终DEMO地址:点击这里,感谢园友支持,这一期会一直进行下去的

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