mac下关于MySQL编码的问题

背景

因为Mac的dmg文件在安装过程中并没有选择编码的步骤，而是默认的编码Latein1的格式，导致了中文乱码的问题。到网上也查询了不少，一些细节需要注意。

一、修改.cnf文件。

在etc目录下面新建一个cnf文件：my.cnf 

cd /etc
vim my.cnf //没有这个文件会新建，若有就会打开进行修改。

添加编码内容：

# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8 #主要是这个内容1️⃣
#password   = your_password
port        = 3306
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8 #主要是这个2️⃣
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
port        = 3306
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 128K

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
server-id   = 1

# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed

# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

注意：然后英文状态下输入I ，然后：wq保存退出
这个时候需要重启MySQL服务。
重启方式：两种
一、命令行方式：

启动MySQL服务
sudo /usr/local/MySQL/support-files/mysql.server start

停止MySQL服务
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop

重启MySQL服务
sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart

二、图形界面 —-偏好设置

重启之后，MySQL加载了配置文件。通过两种方式可以查看编码形式

1.登录到MySQL中：mysql -uroot -p之采用：status；命令查看编码方式

mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:      4
Current database:   p2p
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:      stdout
Using outfile:      ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:     5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:     Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:         1 hour 13 min 28 sec

2.采用看变量的方式：show variables like ‘%char%’;

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                     |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                      |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.22-macos10.13-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

比较两种方法：第一种方法不能够把全部的编码显示出来但是显示出来了数据库名称这样能够清晰。我再做的过程中发现，修改配置文件之后，然后再去重启服务器，重新登录到数据库之后，然后再使用我之前的数据库进行插入到表包含中文的时候仍然报错。

mysql> use goods ;
Database changed
mysql> insert into employee values(null,'张三','adad@22','1990-08-23','hr','ddd');
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE5\xBC\xA0\xE4\xB8\x89' for column 'ename' at row 1
mysql> mysql> insert into employee values(null,'lisi','adad@22','1990-08-23','hr','ddd');

这是因为当时新建goods数据库的时候默认的编码就是Latin1导致的
如下：

mysql> use goods;
Database changed
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:      4
Current database:   goods
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:      stdout
Using outfile:      ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:     5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:     Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:         1 hour 19 min 39 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 43  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 124  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 0  Queries per second avg: 0.008
--------------

如果退出MySQL再重新登录去查看编码：

mysql> exit;
Bye
liukunlun-mbp:etc liukunlun$ 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:      703
Current database:   
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:      stdout
Using outfile:      ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:     5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:     Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:         1 hour 21 min 26 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 48  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 124  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 0  Queries per second avg: 0.009
--------------

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                     |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                    |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                      |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                      |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.22-macos10.13-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

这样默认的编码都是utf-8了，这样新建的数据库 默认的就是utf-8了
执行中文没有问题了：

mysql> insert into employee values(null,'李四','[email protected]');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from employee;
+-----+--------+-------------+
| eid | ename  | email       |
+-----+--------+-------------+
|   1 | 李四   | [email protected] |
+-----+--------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

总结

Mac有的在support-files中并没有默认的default-*.cnf文件，没有关系的 直接在etc的根目录下面创建这个文件就行了。

目前没有解决的问题是：如果修改已经创建的数据库的编码（新建的数据库编码都是utf-8的了）。原来创建的还是Latin1的格式；

mysql> use goods;
Database changed
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.22, for macos10.13 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:      703
Current database:   goods
Current user:       root@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:      stdout
Using outfile:      ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:     5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:   10
Connection:     Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:        /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:         1 hour 29 min 29 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 54  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 125  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 0  Queries per second avg: 0.010
--------------