express的router.js源码分析

router.js的代码其实是router/index.js，里面的代码是express的路由的核心和入口。下面我们看一下重要的代码。

proto.handle = function handle(req, res, out) {
  var self = this;

  debug('dispatching %s %s', req.method, req.url);

  var search = 1 + req.url.indexOf('?');//搜索参数的位置
  var pathlength = search ? search - 1 : req.url.length;//url路径的长度
  var fqdn = req.url[0] !== '/' && 1 + req.url.substr(0, pathlength).indexOf('://');
  //如果url不以/开头，则找出://的位置
  var protohost = fqdn ? req.url.substr(0, req.url.indexOf('/', 2 + fqdn)) : '';
  //找出协议和主机的值
  var idx = 0;
  var removed = '';
  var slashAdded = false;
  var paramcalled = {};

  // store options for OPTIONS request
  // only used if OPTIONS request
  var options = [];

  // middleware and routes
  var stack = self.stack;

  // manage inter-router variables
  var parentParams = req.params;
  var parentUrl = req.baseUrl || '';
  var done = restore(out, req, 'baseUrl', 'next', 'params');

  // setup next layer
  req.next = next;

  // for options requests, respond with a default if nothing else responds
  if (req.method === 'OPTIONS') {
    done = wrap(done, function(old, err) {
      if (err || options.length === 0) return old(err);
      sendOptionsResponse(res, options, old);
    });
  }

  // setup basic req values
  req.baseUrl = parentUrl;
  req.originalUrl = req.originalUrl || req.url;

  next();

  function next(err) {
    var layerError = err === 'route'
      ? null
      : err;

    // remove added slash
    if (slashAdded) {
      req.url = req.url.substr(1);
      slashAdded = false;
    }

    // restore altered req.url
    if (removed.length !== 0) {
      req.baseUrl = parentUrl;
      req.url = protohost + removed + req.url.substr(protohost.length);
      removed = '';
    }

    // no more matching layers
    if (idx >= stack.length) {
      setImmediate(done, layerError);
      return;
    }

    // get pathname of request
    var path = getPathname(req);

    if (path == null) {
      return done(layerError);
    }

    // find next matching layer
    var layer;
    var match;
    var route;

    while (match !== true && idx < stack.length) {//idx在是递增的变量，不需要置0，while的逻辑为在路由栈中找到每个匹配path的layer并且一个个执行
      layer = stack[idx++];
      match = matchLayer(layer, path);
      route = layer.route;

      if (typeof match !== 'boolean') {
        // hold on to layerError
        layerError = layerError || match;
      }

      if (match !== true) {//没有匹配
        continue;
      }

      if (!route) {//
        // process non-route handlers normally
        continue;
      }

      if (layerError) {
        // routes do not match with a pending error
        match = false;
        continue;
      }

      var method = req.method;
      var has_method = route._handles_method(method);//因为是使用use方法增加的，所以不需要去判断是否匹配了请求方法

      // build up automatic options response
      if (!has_method && method === 'OPTIONS') {
        appendMethods(options, route._options());
      }

      // don't even bother matching route
      if (!has_method && method !== 'HEAD') {
        match = false;
        continue;
      }
    }

    // no match
    if (match !== true) {//找不到匹配的路由，执行执行done
      return done(layerError);
    }

    // store route for dispatch on change
    if (route) {
      req.route = route;
    }

    // Capture one-time layer values
    req.params = self.mergeParams
      ? mergeParams(layer.params, parentParams)
      : layer.params;
    var layerPath = layer.path;

    // this should be done for the layer
    self.process_params(layer, paramcalled, req, res, function (err) {
      if (err) {
        return next(layerError || err);
      }

      if (route) {
        return layer.handle_request(req, res, next);
      }

      trim_prefix(layer, layerError, layerPath, path);
    });
  }

  function trim_prefix(layer, layerError, layerPath, path) {
    var c = path[layerPath.length];
    if (c && '/' !== c && '.' !== c) return next(layerError);

     // Trim off the part of the url that matches the route
     // middleware (.use stuff) needs to have the path stripped
    if (layerPath.length !== 0) {
      debug('trim prefix (%s) from url %s', layerPath, req.url);
      removed = layerPath;
      req.url = protohost + req.url.substr(protohost.length + removed.length);

      // Ensure leading slash
      if (!fqdn && req.url[0] !== '/') {
        req.url = '/' + req.url;
        slashAdded = true;
      }

      // Setup base URL (no trailing slash)
      req.baseUrl = parentUrl + (removed[removed.length - 1] === '/'
        ? removed.substring(0, removed.length - 1)
        : removed);
    }

    debug('%s %s : %s', layer.name, layerPath, req.originalUrl);

    if (layerError) {
      layer.handle_error(layerError, req, res, next);
    } else {
      layer.handle_request(req, res, next);
    }
  }
};

proto.use = function use(fn) {
  var offset = 0;
  var path = '/';

  // default path to '/'
  // disambiguate router.use([fn])
  if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
    var arg = fn;

    while (Array.isArray(arg) && arg.length !== 0) {
      arg = arg[0];
    }

    // first arg is the path
    if (typeof arg !== 'function') {
      offset = 1;
      path = fn;
    }
  }

  var callbacks = flatten(slice.call(arguments, offset));

  if (callbacks.length === 0) {
    throw new TypeError('Router.use() requires middleware functions');
  }

  for (var i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++) {
    var fn = callbacks[i];

    if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
      throw new TypeError('Router.use() requires middleware function but got a ' + gettype(fn));
    }

    // add the middleware
    debug('use %s %s', path, fn.name || '');

    var layer = new Layer(path, {
      sensitive: this.caseSensitive,
      strict: false,
      end: false
    }, fn);

    layer.route = undefined;

    this.stack.push(layer);
  }

  return this;
};



proto.route = function route(path) {
  var route = new Route(path);

  var layer = new Layer(path, {
    sensitive: this.caseSensitive,
    strict: this.strict,
    end: true
  }, route.dispatch.bind(route));

  layer.route = route;

  this.stack.push(layer);
  return route;//返回该路由对象，让用户配置相关的路径和回调
};

1.从use和route函数的代码中我们知道，这两个函数存储路由数据的方式是不一样的。虽然都是通过往router的stack里累加layer，但use是里的layer对应的回调是传进来的fn，而route里的layer对应的回调是route的dispatch，并且通过返回route对象，让用户配置相关的路径和回调。

2.handle函数是处理路由的入口，也是核心的代码，其中的逻辑比较多，我们主要关注一下next函数和里面的while逻辑，while的逻辑主要是在路由的二维数组中(见route分析那章)逐行查找匹配的路由，直到找到一个匹配的路由，如果找到了一个匹配的路由，则暂时停止查找，并且利于idx来记住当前的位置。然后把逻辑转到layer层中。

3.通过1的分析，我们知道，转到layer层的时候，可能只是执行一个fn，也可能是执行route对象的dispatch，不过对于router对象来说，这些都是透明的，执行完layer层后，layer层的函数会通过router传过去的next回到router的next函数逻辑中，然后基于idx位置继续查找匹配的路由，继续以上的过程，知道idx等于stack的长度。查找结束。