mac搭建nginx、mysql、php（LNMP）开发环境
自上次翻译了“homebrew”命令后，拖了好久，才写这篇环境搭建，因为平常在公司，只有晚上回去有时间折腾电脑，晚上有时候又有事，或者懒。。，加之穿插了nginx文档的翻译等，还有就是照着教程搭建环境，一直有问题，直到写这篇博客，nginx的开机启动，扔没搞好，等有时间我把 man launchctl 的文档给翻译了，就明白为什么了，有些东西网上不好找，得自己解决了。明早报团去旅游，今天务必把这篇安装教程给整理处理！下面开始：
安装工具：
homebrew一个即可
brew是mac下的包管理工具，就像linux下的apt，它确保安装的包是最新版本。具体可查看之前的命令翻译：
mac的homebrew命令详解&全部选项翻译
安装开发常用的包&软件
brew install wget watch tmux cmake openssl imagemagick graphicsmagick gearman geoip readline autoconf multitail source-highlight autojump zsh-completions sshfs mac系统使用的shell
查看系统所有shell：
cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.
/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh查看当前使用的shell：
echo $SHELL
安装mysql
brew install mysql安装完成后，会有mysql的一些提示，包括mysql如何启动，mysql的安全机制命令。这里我们开启mysql的安全机制：
/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
- 1.是否设置root密码，默认应该是空，直接enter即可，然后输入自定义的密码
- 2.是否删除匿名账户
- 3.是否禁用root远程登录
- 4.是否删除test数据表
- 5.重新加载表权限，让上面的修改，立即生效。
到这里，mysql的安装和配置就结束了，就是这么简单，而且安装的是mysql的最新版本，查看下mysql是否安装成功：
#查看一下MySQL运行情况
➜ ~ ps aux | grep mysql
calvin 1695 0.0 0.5 2719864 90908 ?? S 1:38上午 0:00.31 xxx
calvin 1323 0.0 0.0 2444628 1020 ?? S 1:38上午 0:00.04 xxx
#测试连接MySQL
mysql -uroot -p
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 23
Server version: 5.6.19-log Homebrew
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>mysql设置开机启动：
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist安装php
安装php之前有一步需要处理。默认，homebrew没有php-fpm的软件，首先我们需要tap(register)一个特殊的PHP仓库：
brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/php
现在，可以开始运行php的命令了，我们安装php71，最新的：
brew install php71 --with-fpm --with-gmp --with-imap --with-tidy --with-debug--with-mysql --with-libmysql
等php安装完成后，开始安装php的扩展：
可以查看php71有哪些扩展可以安装，可列出所有php71匹配的软件：
brew search php71
具体可安装的扩展列表给忘记了，这里给出几个：
brew install php71-apcu\
php71-gearman
php71-gmagick
php71-imagick
php71-intl
php71-mcrypt
php71-opcache
php71-redis
php71-xdebug
由于mac自带了php和php-fpm，因此，我们需要添加系统环境变量PATH，来替代之前的php版本的命令：
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如果是默认的Bash shell，使用：
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile && . ~/.bash_profile
如果安装了zsh，使用：
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc && . ~/.zshrc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix php71)/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile #for php
echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix php71)/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile #for php-fpm
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile #for other brew install soft
source ~/.bash_profile可通过：在/usr/local/sbin和$(brew --prefix php71)，查找有无php-fpm文件，无非是路径下查找文件而已。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
设置php开机启动：
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/homebrew.mxcl.php71.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php71.plist
启动php-fpm之后，确保它正常运行监听9000端口：
lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | grep php
php-fpm 30907 calvin 9u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm 30917 calvin 0u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm 30918 calvin 0u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm 30919 calvin 0u IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7 0t0 TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
#正常情况，会看到上面这些进程安装php composer
brew install composer
redis和memcached可能没安装，可使用brew info redis和brew info memcached来查看，未安装调用命令：
brew install redis
brew install memcached
安装phpMyAdmin
phpmyadmin的安装，首先需要安装autoconf：
如果失败，尝试下面操作，记忆中，我好像没用这个：brew install autoconf // 之前安装常用软件，可能已经安装过了
brew install phpmyadmin // 安装phpmyadmin
默认的bash shell：
zsh:echo 'PHP_AUTOCONF="'$(which autoconf)'"' >> ~/.bash_profile && . ~/.bash_profile
echo 'PHP_AUTOCONF="'$(which autoconf)'"' >> ~/.zshrc && . ~/.zshrc
安装nginx
brew install nginx
nginx启动和关闭命令，可查看之前nginx的翻译：
nginx文档翻译
#测试配置是否有语法错误
nginx -t
#打开 nginx
sudo nginx
#重新加载配置|重启|停止|退出 nginx
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quitnginx设置开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plistsudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx // 这里的版本号换成你自己的
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx // 这里的版本号换成你自己的很不幸，nginx设置开机自启动（也就是调用launchctl load xxx 来打开nginx），我一直没有成功。。。因为mysql和php-fpm的自启动，都是链接到了~/Library/用户的自启动目录下，所以希望nginx的也放到这里。老外的设置，我一直没有尝试，有时间尝试下：
并不需要修改nginx的命令文件权限
sudo cp -v /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist /Library/LaunchDaemons/
sudo chown root:wheel /Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
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默认安装的nginx，我们可以通过：nginx （找到命令存放的目录，或者保证命令在环境变量中可以找到），如果需要权限，使用：sudo nginx
nginx启动后，测试nginx是否可用：
curl -IL http://127.0.0.1:8080 // 默认安装的nginx监听8080
可以得到如下输出，说明nginx已经成功启动：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.6.2
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2014 19:07:47 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 19 Oct 2014 19:01:32 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5444dea7-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
至此，nginx已经安装成功。LNMP也已经搭建完毕。
配置nginx的虚拟主机（可继续看我翻译的nginx文档，针对nginx新手），这里就大段的复制老外的代码了,都是nginx的配置，可以放心配置。。
创建需要用到的目录：
kdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
sudo mkdir -p /var/www
sudo chown :staff /var/www
sudo chmod 775 /var/wwwvim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 输入以下内容：
worker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 256;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
port_in_redirect off;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}设置nginx php-fpm配置文件
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
#proxy the php scripts to php-fpm
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}nginx虚拟主机准备工作
#创建 info.php index.html 404.html 403.html文件到 /var/www 下面
vi /var/www/info.php
vi /var/www/index.html
vi /var/www/403.html
vi /var/www/404.html创建默认虚拟主机default
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default输入：
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/;
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default.access.log main;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
autoindex on;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
location = /info {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 403 /403.html;
}创建ssl默认虚拟主机default-ssl
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl输入：server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/;
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default-ssl.access.log main;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/localhost.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/localhost.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
location = /info {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 403 /403.html;
}创建phpmyadmin虚拟主机
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin #输入以下配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name phpmyadmin.devil.com;
root /usr/local/share/phpmyadmin;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.error.log;
access_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.access.log main;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate ssl/phpmyadmin.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/phpmyadmin.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}设置SSL
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=localhost" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.crt
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=phpmyadmin" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.crt创建虚拟主机软连接，开启虚拟主机
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default-ssl
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/phpmyadmin设置服务控制命令别名，vim ~/.bash_aliases
alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'echo "source ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.bash_profile && . ~/.bash_profile
echo "source ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.zshrc && ~/.zshrc
（memcached和redis，以同样的自启动方式，来设置。上面未设置。）
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000606752
它里面提的老外的文章，很多地址失效，尤其是curl命令获取文件的地址，所以非常感谢第一篇作者”fish“：
https://blog.frd.mn/install-nginx-php-fpm-mysql-and-phpmyadmin-on-os-x-mavericks-using-homebrew/