linux 下文件误删恢复
0x01 事件背景
某天晚上写代码的时候，本来想删除当前目录下一个叫xxx的文件夹 rm -rdf ./xxx/*, 结果光顾着和人说话，一不留神手贱把命令敲成了rm -rdf ./*. 然后顿时懵逼了，整个目录全没了。心想完蛋了，这个目录有我写了好几天的代码啊，这可怎么是好，问了下周围的人，都说linux下使用-rf的方式删除文件是不可恢复的，叫我放弃，并且重写代码吧。....-_-||。
可我不甘心啊，写了好几天的代码说没就没了，于是Google了下解决方案，网上给出了很多解决方案，有的可行，有的不可行。在反复尝试之后，使用一款名叫exeundelete的工具完成了数据恢复，终于长舒一口气。我将这个工具的使用分享给大家，一是防止下次自己再遇到这种事情不知所措，二十也希望能够帮助到遇到同样问题的朋友。
0x02 extundelete简介
extundelete 是一款可以从ext3或ext4分区恢复已删除的文件的超级实用的开源工具。 ext3和ext4文件系统是Linux发行版中最常见的默认文件系统，如Mint，Mageia或Ubuntu等linux操作系统都在使用这类文件系统。 extundelete使用起来也非常简单，只需要一条命令就可以完成数据恢复。
extundelete下载地址：https://cytranet.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2
0x03 编译安装extundelete
extundelete 只提供源码，需要自己进行编译安装才能够使用，整个过程可以由如下的命令完成
$ wget https://cytranet.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 $ tar vxf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 $ cd extundelete-0.2.4/ $ ./configure $ make && sudo make install
然后在终端输入extundelete即可看到此工具已经可以使用
sandy@ubuntu:~/Desktop/xxx/extundelete-0.2.4$ extundelete
No action specified; implying --superblock.
extundelete: Missing device name.
Usage: extundelete [options] [--] device-file
Options:
--version, -[vV] Print version and exit successfully.
--help, Print this help and exit successfully.
--superblock Print contents of superblock in addition to the rest.
If no action is specified then this option is implied.
--journal Show content of journal.
--after dtime Only process entries deleted on or after 'dtime'.
--before dtime Only process entries deleted before 'dtime'.
Actions:
--inode ino Show info on inode 'ino'.
--block blk Show info on block 'blk'.
--restore-inode ino[,ino,...]
Restore the file(s) with known inode number 'ino'.
The restored files are created in ./RECOVERED_FILES
with their inode number as extension (ie, file.12345).
--restore-file 'path' Will restore file 'path'. 'path' is relative to root
of the partition and does not start with a '/'
The restored file is created in the current
directory as 'RECOVERED_FILES/path'.
--restore-files 'path' Will restore files which are listed in the file 'path'.
Each filename should be in the same format as an option
to --restore-file, and there should be one per line.
--restore-directory 'path'
Will restore directory 'path'. 'path' is relative to the
root directory of the file system. The restored
directory is created in the output directory as 'path'.
--restore-all Attempts to restore everything.
-j journal Reads an external journal from the named file.
-b blocknumber Uses the backup superblock at blocknumber when opening
the file system.
-B blocksize Uses blocksize as the block size when opening the file
system. The number should be the number of bytes.
--log 0 Make the program silent.
--log filename Logs all messages to filename.
--log D1=0,D2=filename Custom control of log messages with comma-separated
Examples below: list of options. Dn must be one of info, warn, or
--log info,error error. Omission of the '=name' results in messages
--log warn=0 with the specified level to be logged to the console.
--log error=filename If the parameter is '=0', logging for the specified
level will be turned off. If the parameter is
'=filename', messages with that level will be written
to filename.
-o directory Save the recovered files to the named directory.
The restored files are created in a directory
named 'RECOVERED_FILES/' by default.
0x04 恢复误删文件
编译安装完毕extundelete之后，便可以使用它进行误删文件恢复。首先我们需要找到我们想要恢复的分区，用fdisk等命令可查看分区情况
sandy@ubuntu:~/Desktop/xxx/extundelete-0.2.4$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe184ba74 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 79693823 79691776 38G 83 Linux /dev/sda2 79695870 83884031 4188162 2G 5 Extended /dev/sda5 79695872 83884031 4188160 2G 82 Linux swap / Solaris sandy@ubuntu:~/Desktop/xxx/extundelete-0.2.4$
其中/dev/sda1是我想进行恢复的分区，因为刚才删除的文件位于其中。接着便是使用extundelete进行数据恢复，使用下面这条命令：
sudo extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-all #恢复所有数据
运行完毕之后，在当前目录下会生成一个名叫11的目录，里面保了我们所有删除的数据
sandy@ubuntu:~/Desktop/xxx/extundelete-0.2.4$ ll RECOVERED_FILES/ total 3888 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 10 18:49 home/ drwxr-xr-x 198 root root 118784 Apr 10 18:50 lost+found/ drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Apr 10 18:49 tmp/ drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Apr 10 18:49 usr/ drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 10 18:49 var/ sandy@ubuntu:~/Desktop/xxx/extundelete-0.2.4$
可以看到删除的文件都被恢复了。
0x05 总结
即便是extundelete这样的神器，也无法做到100%的数据恢复。这一次的经历，算是有惊无险，还好数据恢复了，不然几天的工作就付之东流了。总结一下，重要的数据注意备份，保证自己数据不丢失。如果没有备份再被误删，要是连extundelete这样的工具都无法恢复，那就只能呵呵了。
0x06 参考文章
- http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/122305/undelete-a-just-deleted-file-on-ext4-with-extundelete
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