mockito简单教程

官网: http://mockito.org

API文档:http://docs.mockito.googlecode.com/hg/org/mockito/Mockito.html

项目源码:https://github.com/mockito/mockito


首先添加maven依赖

      
          org.mockito
          mockito-all
          1.9.5
          test
      

当然mockito需要junit配合使用

      
        junit
        junit
        4.11
        test
      
然后为了使代码更简洁,最好在测试类中导入静态资源

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

下面我们开始使用mockito来做测试

1、验证行为

	@Test
	public void verify_behaviour(){
		//模拟创建一个List对象
		List mock = mock(List.class);
		//使用mock的对象
		mock.add(1);
		mock.clear();
		//验证add(1)和clear()行为是否发生
		verify(mock).add(1);
		verify(mock).clear();
	}

2、模拟我们所期望的结果

	@Test
	public void when_thenReturn(){
		//mock一个Iterator类
		Iterator iterator = mock(Iterator.class);
		//预设当iterator调用next()时第一次返回hello,第n次都返回world
		when(iterator.next()).thenReturn("hello").thenReturn("world");
		//使用mock的对象
		String result = iterator.next() + " " + iterator.next() + " " + iterator.next();
		//验证结果
		assertEquals("hello world world",result);
	}
	@Test(expected = IOException.class)
	public void when_thenThrow() throws IOException {
		OutputStream outputStream = mock(OutputStream.class);
		OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
		//预设当流关闭时抛出异常
		doThrow(new IOException()).when(outputStream).close();
		outputStream.close();
	}

3、参数匹配

	@Test
	public void with_arguments(){
		Comparable comparable = mock(Comparable.class);
		//预设根据不同的参数返回不同的结果
		when(comparable.compareTo("Test")).thenReturn(1);
		when(comparable.compareTo("Omg")).thenReturn(2);
		assertEquals(1, comparable.compareTo("Test"));
		assertEquals(2, comparable.compareTo("Omg"));
		//对于没有预设的情况会返回默认值
		assertEquals(0, comparable.compareTo("Not stub"));
	}
除了匹配制定参数外,还可以匹配自己想要的任意参数
	@Test
	public void with_unspecified_arguments(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		//匹配任意参数
		when(list.get(anyInt())).thenReturn(1);
		when(list.contains(argThat(new IsValid()))).thenReturn(true);
		assertEquals(1, list.get(1));
		assertEquals(1, list.get(999));
		assertTrue(list.contains(1));
		assertTrue(!list.contains(3));
	}

	private class IsValid extends ArgumentMatcher{
		@Override
		public boolean matches(Object o) {
			return o == 1 || o == 2;
		}
	}
需要注意的是如果你使用了参数匹配,那么所有的参数都必须通过matchers来匹配

	@Test
	public void all_arguments_provided_by_matchers(){
		Comparator comparator = mock(Comparator.class);
		comparator.compare("nihao","hello");
		//如果你使用了参数匹配,那么所有的参数都必须通过matchers来匹配
		verify(comparator).compare(anyString(),eq("hello"));
		//下面的为无效的参数匹配使用
		//verify(comparator).compare(anyString(),"hello");
	}
4、验证确切的调用次数

	@Test
	public void verifying_number_of_invocations(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		list.add(1);
		list.add(2);
		list.add(2);
		list.add(3);
		list.add(3);
		list.add(3);
		//验证是否被调用一次,等效于下面的times(1)
		verify(list).add(1);
		verify(list,times(1)).add(1);
		//验证是否被调用2次
		verify(list,times(2)).add(2);
		//验证是否被调用3次
		verify(list,times(3)).add(3);
		//验证是否从未被调用过
		verify(list,never()).add(4);
		//验证至少调用一次
		verify(list,atLeastOnce()).add(1);
		//验证至少调用2次
		verify(list,atLeast(2)).add(2);
		//验证至多调用3次
		verify(list,atMost(3)).add(3);
	}
5、模拟方法体抛出异常
	@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
	public void doThrow_when(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(list).add(1);
		list.add(1);
	}
6、验证执行顺序

	@Test
	public void verification_in_order(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		List list2 = mock(List.class);
		list.add(1);
		list2.add("hello");
		list.add(2);
		list2.add("world");
		//将需要排序的mock对象放入InOrder
		InOrder inOrder = inOrder(list,list2);
		//下面的代码不能颠倒顺序,验证执行顺序
		inOrder.verify(list).add(1);
		inOrder.verify(list2).add("hello");
		inOrder.verify(list).add(2);
		inOrder.verify(list2).add("world");
	}
7、确保模拟对象上无互动发生

	@Test
	public void verify_interaction(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		List list2 = mock(List.class);
		List list3 = mock(List.class);
		list.add(1);
		verify(list).add(1);
		verify(list,never()).add(2);
		//验证零互动行为
		verifyZeroInteractions(list2,list3);
	}
8、找出冗余的互动(即未被验证到的)

	@Test(expected = NoInteractionsWanted.class)
	public void find_redundant_interaction(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		list.add(1);
		list.add(2);
		verify(list,times(2)).add(anyInt());
		//检查是否有未被验证的互动行为,因为add(1)和add(2)都会被上面的anyInt()验证到,所以下面的代码会通过
		verifyNoMoreInteractions(list);

		List list2 = mock(List.class);
		list2.add(1);
		list2.add(2);
		verify(list2).add(1);
		//检查是否有未被验证的互动行为,因为add(2)没有被验证,所以下面的代码会失败抛出异常
		verifyNoMoreInteractions(list2);
	}
9、使用注解来快速模拟

在上面的测试中我们在每个测试方法里都mock了一个List对象,为了避免重复的mock,是测试类更具有可读性,我们可以使用下面的注解方式来快速模拟对象:

	@Mock
	private List mockList;
OK,我们再用注解的mock对象试试

	@Test
	public void shorthand(){
		mockList.add(1);
		verify(mockList).add(1);
	}
运行这个测试类你会发现报错了,mock的对象为NULL,为此我们必须在基类中添加初始化mock的代码

public class MockitoExample2 {
	@Mock
	private List mockList;

	public MockitoExample2(){
		MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
	}

	@Test
	public void shorthand(){
		mockList.add(1);
		verify(mockList).add(1);
	}
}

或者使用built-in runner:MockitoJUnitRunner

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MockitoExample2 {
	@Mock
	private List mockList;

	@Test
	public void shorthand(){
		mockList.add(1);
		verify(mockList).add(1);
	}
}

更多的注解还有@Captor,@Spy,@InjectMocks

10、连续调用

	@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
	public void consecutive_calls(){
		//模拟连续调用返回期望值,如果分开,则只有最后一个有效
		when(mockList.get(0)).thenReturn(0);
		when(mockList.get(0)).thenReturn(1);
		when(mockList.get(0)).thenReturn(2);
		when(mockList.get(1)).thenReturn(0).thenReturn(1).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());
		assertEquals(2,mockList.get(0));
		assertEquals(2,mockList.get(0));
		assertEquals(0,mockList.get(1));
		assertEquals(1,mockList.get(1));
		//第三次或更多调用都会抛出异常
		mockList.get(1);
	}
11、使用回调生成期望值

	@Test
	public void answer_with_callback(){
		//使用Answer来生成我们我们期望的返回
		when(mockList.get(anyInt())).thenAnswer(new Answer() {
			@Override
			public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
				Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
				return "hello world:"+args[0];
			}
		});
		assertEquals("hello world:0",mockList.get(0));
		assertEquals("hello world:999",mockList.get(999));
	}12、监控真实对象 
  

使用spy来监控真实的对象,需要注意的是此时我们需要谨慎的使用when-then语句,而改用do-when语句

	@Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
	public void spy_on_real_objects(){
		List list = new LinkedList();
		List spy = spy(list);
		//下面预设的spy.get(0)会报错,因为会调用真实对象的get(0),所以会抛出越界异常
		//when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn(3);

		//使用doReturn-when可以避免when-thenReturn调用真实对象api
		doReturn(999).when(spy).get(999);
		//预设size()期望值
		when(spy.size()).thenReturn(100);
		//调用真实对象的api
		spy.add(1);
		spy.add(2);
		assertEquals(100,spy.size());
		assertEquals(1,spy.get(0));
		assertEquals(2,spy.get(1));
		verify(spy).add(1);
		verify(spy).add(2);
		assertEquals(999,spy.get(999));
		spy.get(2);
	}
13、修改对未预设的调用返回默认期望值

	@Test
	public void unstubbed_invocations(){
		//mock对象使用Answer来对未预设的调用返回默认期望值
		List mock = mock(List.class,new Answer() {
			@Override
			public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
				return 999;
			}
		});
		//下面的get(1)没有预设,通常情况下会返回NULL,但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值
		assertEquals(999, mock.get(1));
		//下面的size()没有预设,通常情况下会返回0,但是使用了Answer改变了默认期望值
		assertEquals(999,mock.size());
	}
14、捕获参数来进一步断言

        @Test
	public void capturing_args(){
		PersonDao personDao = mock(PersonDao.class);
		PersonService personService = new PersonService(personDao);

		ArgumentCaptor argument = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Person.class);
		personService.update(1,"jack");
		verify(personDao).update(argument.capture());
		assertEquals(1,argument.getValue().getId());
		assertEquals("jack",argument.getValue().getName());
	}

	 class Person{
		private int id;
		private String name;

		Person(int id, String name) {
			this.id = id;
			this.name = name;
		}

		public int getId() {
			return id;
		}

		public String getName() {
			return name;
		}
	}

	interface PersonDao{
		public void update(Person person);
	}

	class PersonService{
		private PersonDao personDao;

		PersonService(PersonDao personDao) {
			this.personDao = personDao;
		}

		public void update(int id,String name){
			personDao.update(new Person(id,name));
		}
	}
15、真实的部分mock

	@Test
	public void real_partial_mock(){
		//通过spy来调用真实的api
		List list = spy(new ArrayList());
		assertEquals(0,list.size());
		A a  = mock(A.class);
		//通过thenCallRealMethod来调用真实的api
		when(a.doSomething(anyInt())).thenCallRealMethod();
		assertEquals(999,a.doSomething(999));
	}


	class A{
		public int doSomething(int i){
			return i;
		}
	}
16、重置mock

	@Test
	public void reset_mock(){
		List list = mock(List.class);
		when(list.size()).thenReturn(10);
		list.add(1);
		assertEquals(10,list.size());
		//重置mock,清除所有的互动和预设
		reset(list);
		assertEquals(0,list.size());
	}



















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