HOWTO：在 Visual Basic 中自动运行 Microsoft Excel

HOWTO：在 Visual Basic 中自动运行 Microsoft Excel

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有两种方法可以控制自动化服务器：通过使用晚期绑定或早期绑定。若使用晚期绑定，则在声明运行时和自动化服务器为“对象”之前不绑定方法。若使用早期绑定，则您的应用程序在设计阶段知道要与之通信的对象的确切类型，并可以作为一个特定类型声明其对象。本示例使用早期绑定，早期绑定被认为是在多数情况下都很适用的方法，因为它可以提供更高的性能和更好的类型安全性。

要早期绑定到自动化服务器，您需要设置对该服务器类型库的引用。在 Visual Basic 中，该操作是通过“项目”|“引用”菜单下的“引用”对话框完成的。对于本示例，您需要向 Excel 的类型库中添加一个引用，然后才能运行代码。关于如何添加引用，请参见下面的步骤。

生成自动化示例

1.	启动 Visual Basic，新建一个标准 EXE 项目。默认情况下会创建 Form1。
2.	选择“项目”|“引用”以显示“引用”对话框。向下滚动列表，直到找到“Microsoft Excel 10.0 对象库”，然后选择此项目以向 Excel 2002 中添加一个引用。如果列表中未显示该项目，请检查是否已正确安装了 Excel 2002。 注意：如果正在自动运行 Microsoft Office Excel 2003，则该类型库在“引用”列表中显示为“Microsoft Excel 11.0 对象库”。如果正在自动运行 Microsoft Excel 2000，则该类型库在“引用”列表中显示为“Microsoft Excel 9.0 对象库”，如果您使用的是 Microsoft Excel 97，则该类型库显示为“Microsoft Excel 8.0 对象库”。
3.	单击“确定”，关闭“引用”对话框。
4.	将 CommandButton 添加到 Form1 中。
5.	在 Form1 的代码窗口中，插入下面的代码： Option Explicit Private Sub Command1_Click() Dim oXL As Excel.Application Dim oWB As Excel.Workbook Dim oSheet As Excel.Worksheet Dim oRng As Excel.Range 'On Error GoTo Err_Handler ' Start Excel and get Application object. Set oXL = CreateObject("Excel.Application") oXL.Visible = True ' Get a new workbook. Set oWB = oXL.Workbooks.Add Set oSheet = oWB.ActiveSheet ' Add table headers going cell by cell. oSheet.Cells(1, 1).Value = "First Name" oSheet.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Last Name" oSheet.Cells(1, 3).Value = "Full Name" oSheet.Cells(1, 4).Value = "Salary" ' Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center. With oSheet.Range("A1", "D1") .Font.Bold = True .VerticalAlignment = xlVAlignCenter End With ' Create an array to set multiple values at once. Dim saNames(5, 2) As String saNames(0, 0) = "John" saNames(0, 1) = "Smith" saNames(1, 0) = "Tom" saNames(1, 1) = "Brown" saNames(2, 0) = "Sue" saNames(2, 1) = "Thomas" saNames(3, 0) = "Jane" saNames(3, 1) = "Jones" saNames(4, 0) = "Adam" saNames(4, 1) = "Johnson" ' Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names). oSheet.Range("A2", "B6").Value = saNames ' Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2). Set oRng = oSheet.Range("C2", "C6") oRng.Formula = "=A2 & "" "" & B2" ' Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format. Set oRng = oSheet.Range("D2", "D6") oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000" oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00" ' AutoFit columns A:D. Set oRng = oSheet.Range("A1", "D1") oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit ' Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data. Call DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet) ' Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control ' of Microsoft Excel's lifetime. oXL.Visible = True oXL.UserControl = True ' Make sure you release object references. Set oRng = Nothing Set oSheet = Nothing Set oWB = Nothing Set oXL = Nothing Exit Sub Err_Handler: MsgBox Err.Description, vbCritical, "Error: " & Err.Number End Sub Private Sub DisplayQuarterlySales(oWS As Excel.Worksheet) Dim oResizeRange As Excel.Range Dim oChart As Excel.Chart Dim iNumQtrs As Integer Dim sMsg As String Dim iRet As Integer ' Determine how many quarters to display data for. For iNumQtrs = 4 To 2 Step -1 sMsg = "Enter sales data for" & Str(iNumQtrs) & " quarter(s)?" iRet = MsgBox(sMsg, vbYesNo Or vbQuestion _ Or vbMsgBoxSetForeground, "Quarterly Sales") If iRet = vbYes Then Exit For Next iNumQtrs sMsg = "Displaying data for" & Str(iNumQtrs) & " quarter(s)." MsgBox sMsg, vbMsgBoxSetForeground, "Quarterly Sales" ' Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected. Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E1", "E1").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs) oResizeRange.Formula = "=""Q"" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & ""Sales""" ' Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers. oResizeRange.Orientation = 38 oResizeRange.WrapText = True ' Fill the interior color of the headers. oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36 ' Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format. Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E2", "E6").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs) oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100" oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00" ' Apply borders to the Sales data and headers. Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E1", "E6").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs) oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = xlThin ' Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border. Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E8", "E8").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs) oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)" With oResizeRange.Borders(xlEdgeBottom) .LineStyle = xlDouble .Weight = xlThick End With ' Add a Chart for the selected data Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E2:E6").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs) Set oChart = oWS.Parent.Charts.Add With oChart .ChartWizard oResizeRange, xl3DColumn, , xlColumns .SeriesCollection(1).XValues = oWS.Range("A2", "A6") For iRet = 1 To iNumQtrs .SeriesCollection(iRet).Name = "=""Q" & Str(iRet) & """" Next iRet .Location xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name End With ' Move the chart so as not to cover your data. With oWS.Shapes("Chart 1") .Top = oWS.Rows(10).Top .Left = oWS.Columns(2).Left End With ' Free any references. Set oChart = Nothing Set oResizeRange = Nothing End Sub
6.	按 F5 键运行该项目。