阿里云ECS服务器安装Mysql5.7.28 详细版
文章目录
- Mysql的三种安装方式
- 详细步骤
-
- 1. 解压，修改权限
- 2.初始化mysql
-
- 2.1配置默认配置my.cnf
- 2.2进行初始化
- 2.3配置环境变量
- 3. 启动mysql(两种方式)
-
- 默认方式启动
- 服务的方式启动
- 4. 登陆mysql
- 5. 远程登陆mysql
- debug详解
-
- error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
- error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
- mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.pid ended
- './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
- Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.
- You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement
- Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
- 经验
Mysql的三种安装方式
- RPM方式安装
- 二进制安装(推介安装)
- 源码安装：需要熟悉编译命令等等
注：
RPM安装简单但无脑，并不能指定安装目录，也不能详细了解mysql的相关参数和安装细节，所以不推介使用
源码安装复杂，需要了解复杂编译命令，故不选择
详细步骤
1. 解压，修改权限
drwxrwxr-x 7 500 500 4096 Jul 4 20:15 jdk1.8.0_221
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 12 00:20 mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-i686
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 6 15:45 zookeeper-3.5.6
[root@WeekLog work]# mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-i686/ mysql-5.7.28
[root@WeekLog work]# ln -s mysql-5.7.28/ mysql
[root@WeekLog work]# ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 7 500 500 4096 Jul 4 20:15 jdk1.8.0_221
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Dec 12 00:20 mysql -> mysql-5.7.28/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 12 00:20 mysql-5.7.28
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 6 15:45 zookeeper-3.5.6
[root@WeekLog work]#
[root@WeekLog work]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
[root@WeekLog work]# ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 7 500 500 4096 Jul 4 20:15 jdk1.8.0_221
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 13 Dec 12 00:20 mysql -> mysql-5.7.28/
drwxr-xr-x 9 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 12 00:20 mysql-5.7.28
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 6 15:45 zookeeper-3.5.6
2.初始化mysql
2.1配置默认配置my.cnf
[mysql]
#设置客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
#设置3306端口
port = 3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=//home/work/mysql-5.7.28
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=//home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data
#免密登陆
#skip-grant-tables
#设置日志文件夹
log-error=/home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.log
pid-file=/home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.pid
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
#设置密码过期时间-永不过期
default_password_lifetime=0
2.2进行初始化
## 进行初始化
[root@WeekLog mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir /home/work/mysql --datadir=/home/work/mysql/data/
2019-12-12T02:32:09.890283Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-12-12T02:32:10.928332Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-12-12T02:32:11.055194Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-12-12T02:32:11.116952Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 99969fa1-1c87-11ea-99fb-00163e12d173.
2019-12-12T02:32:11.118550Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-12-12T02:32:13.539037Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2019-12-12T02:32:13.706642Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ikmuwB_gd6e:
2.3配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
注：如果cosole没有打印出来，启动日志中存在此日志
3. 启动mysql(两种方式)
默认方式启动
[root@WeekLog mysql]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[root@WeekLog mysql]# 2019-12-12T02:34:05.874294Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.log'.
2019-12-12T02:34:05.896016Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from //home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data
[root@WeekLog mysql]#
服务的方式启动
## 1. 添加mysql服务到服务器
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
## 2. 修改配置
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/home/work/mysql
datadir=/home/work/mysql/mysql_data
## 3. 启动mysql服务
[root@WeekLog mysql-5.7.28]# service mysqld status
MySQL running (29645) [ OK ]
[root@WeekLog mysql-5.7.28]#
## 4. 配置开机自启动
chkconfig --add mysql --添加mysql到自启动
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql 为其添加可执行权限
4. 登陆mysql
[root@WeekLog ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
5. 远程登陆mysql
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "7250831";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
debug详解
评：真的是一步一bug，阿里云还需要很大改进空间！！！
error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
## 执行 mysqld --initialize 初始化时报错
## 解决：yum -y install libaio* 还不行
## 查找此lib依赖的包：yum provides libstdc++.so.6
## yum install bao
## 结果：彻底解决
error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
## yum install numactl 网上找的方法怎么都不起作用！！
## yum search numactl 搜索所有numactl相关的依赖
## yum install *** 安装所有搜索的包
## 结果：彻底解决
mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/work/mysql-5.7.28/data/mysqld.pid ended
[1]+ Done mysqld_safe --user=mysql
现象：怎么都启动不成功
解决：查找err.log日志发现由于mysql.sock文件被锁定引起
[root@WeekLog mysql-5.7.28]# cd /tmp/
[root@WeekLog tmp]# ll
total 12
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Nov 19 12:50 Aegis-
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 18:24 hsperfdata_root
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Dec 11 21:20 mysql.sock -> /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock————红色闪烁
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 6 Dec 12 10:19 mysql.sock.lock————mysql.sock被错误锁定
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Sep 28 15:07 systemd-private-c90679b6e151448e8b707e72ce91995b-chronyd.service-or1zhU
[root@WeekLog tmp]# rm -rf mysql.sock.lock
[root@WeekLog tmp]# rm -rf mysql.sock
结果：彻底解决
‘./ibtmp1’ size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait …
## 删除：ibdata1、ib_logfile0、ib_logfile1 后启动正常
## 配置的日志文件没有日志打印：配置log-error到真实目录得文件夹下
Failed to start mysqld.service: Unit not found.
## 没有配置mysql服务
You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): .
MySQL版本5.7.6版本以前用户可以使用如下命令：
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('Xiaoming250');
MySQL版本5.7.6版本开始的用户可以使用如下命令：
mysql> alter user user() identified by '7250831'; 重置密码
Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)
## 1. my..cnf不要配置sock
## 2. 配置后要设置软连接(参考internet)
经验
1. 查看错误日志：tail适合查看动态日志 cat适合查看静态日志
2. mysqld_safe指定的--datadir参数会覆盖my.cnf中的配置