C/C++术语中英文对照

以下是侯捷个人收集到的 C/C++ 编程方面的术语对照。 ●英中繁简编程术语对照 英文                    台湾惯用术语                            大陆惯用术语 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- abstract                抽象的                                  抽象的 abstraction             抽象体、抽象物、抽象性                  抽象体、抽象物、抽象性 access                  存取、取用                              存取、访问 access function         存取函式                                存取函数 address-of operator     取址运算子 &                            取地址运算符 algorithm               演算法                                  算法 argument                引数（传给函式的值）. 叁见 parameter    叁数 array                   阵列                                    数组 arrow operator          arrow（箭头）运算子 ->                  箭头运算符 assembly language       组合语言                                汇编语言 assign                  指派、指定、设值                        赋值 assignment              指派、指定                              赋值、分配 assignment operator     assignment（指派）运算子 =              赋值运算符 associated              相应的、相关的                          相关的、关联、相应的 associative container   关联式容器（对应 sequential container） 关联式容器 base class              基础类别                                基类 best viable function    最佳可行函式                            最佳可行函式                         （从 viable functions 中挑出的最佳吻合者） binary tree             二元树                                  二叉树 binary operator         二元运算子                              二元运算符 binding                 系结                                    绑定 bit                     位元                                    位 bitwise                 以 bit 为单元┅、位元逐一┅             ? bitwise copy            以 bit 为单元进行复制、位元逐一复制     位拷贝 block                   区块                                    块、分组 boolean                 布林值（真假值，true 或 false）         布尔值 byte                    位元组（8 bits 组成）                   字节 call                    呼叫、叫用                              调用 call operator           call（函式呼叫）运算子 ()               调用运算符                         （同 function call operator） chain                   串链（例 chain of function calls）      链 child class             子类别（或称为derived class, subtype）  子类 class                   类别                                    类 class body              类别本体                                类体 ? class declaration       类别宣告、类别宣告式                    类声明 class definition        类别定义、类别定义式                    类定义 class derivation list   类别衍化列                              类继承列表 class head              类别表头                                类头 ? class hierarchy         类别继承体系                            ? class library           类别程式库、类别库                      类库 class template          类别范本、类别模板、类别样板            类模板 class template partial specializations                        类别范本局部特制体、                     类模板部分特化                        类别范本局部特殊化 class template specializations                         类别范本特制体、类别范本特殊化          类模板特化 cleanup                 清理、善後                              清理、清除 candidate function      候选函式                                候选函数                         （在函式多载决议程序中出现的候选函式） command line            命令行                                  命令行                         （系统文字模式提示号之後所下的整行命令） compiler                编译器                                  编译器 component               组件                                    组件 concrete                具象的                                  实在的 container               容器                                    容器                         （存放资料的某种结构如 list, vector...） context                 背景关系、周遭环境、上下脉络            环境、上下文 const                   常数（constant 的缩写，C++ 关键字） constant                常数（相对於 variable）                 常数 constructor（ctor）     建构式                                  构造函数、构造器                         （与class 同名的一种 member functions） data                    资料                                    数据 data member             资料成员、成员变数                      数据成员、成员变量 data structure          资料结构                                数据结构 declaration             宣告、宣告式                            声明 deduction               推导（例：template argument deduction） 推导、推断 default                 预设                                    缺省、默许 definition              定义、定义区、定义式                    定义 dereference             提领（取出指标所指物体的内容）          ? dereference operator    dereference（提领）运算子 *             ? derived class           衍生类别                                派生类 destructor（dtor）      解构式                                  析构函数、析构器 device                  装置                                    设备 directive               指令（例：using directive）             （编译）指示符 dot operator            dot（句点）运算子 .                     点运算符 driver                  驱动程式                                驱动 dynamic binding         动态系结                                动态绑定 entity                  物体                                    实体、物体 encapsulation           封装                                    封装 enclosing class         外围类别（与巢状类别 nested class 有关）? enum (enumeration)      列举（一种 C++ 资料型别）               枚举 enumerators             列举元（enum 型别中的成员）             枚举成员、枚举器 equality operator       equality（等号）运算子  ==              等号运算符 evaluate                评估、求值、核定                        评估 exception               异常情况                                异常 exception declaration   异常宣告（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.3）   异常声明 exception handling      异常处理、异常处理机制                  异常处理、异常处理机制 exception specification 异常规格（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.4）   异常规范 exit                    退离（指离开函式时的那一个执行点）      退出 explicit                明白的、明显的、显式                    显式 export                  汇出                                    引出、导出 expression              运算式、算式                            表达式 facility                设施、设备                              设施、设备 flush                   清理、扫清                              刷新 formal parameter        形式叁数                                形式叁数 forward declaration     前置宣告                                前置声明 framework               框架                                    框架 function                函式、函数                              函数 function call operator  （同 call operator） function object         函式物件（ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 12.3）   函数对象 function overloaded resolution                         函式多载决议程序                        函数重载解决（方案） function template       函式范本、函式模板、函式样板            函数模板 generic                 泛型、一般化的                          一般化的、通用的、泛化 generic algorithm       泛型演算法                              通用算法 global                  全域性的（对应於 local）                全局的 global scope resolution operator                         全域生存空间（范围决议）运算子 ::       全局范围解析运算符 handler                 处理常式                                处理函数 hardware                硬体                                    硬件 header file             表头档、标头档                          头文件 ? hierarchy               阶层体系                                层次结构（体系） identifier              识别符号                                标识符 immediate base          直接的（紧临的）上层 base class。       直接上层基类 immediate derived       直接的（紧临的）下层 derived class。    直接下层派生类 implement               实作                                    实现 implementation          实作品、实作物、实作体、实作码          实现 implicit                隐喻的、暗自的、隐式                    隐式 import                  汇入                                    ? increment operator      累加运算子 ++                           增加运算符 inheritance             继承、继承机制                          继承、继承机制 inline                  行内                                    内联 inline expansion        行内展开                                内联展开 initialization          初始化（动作）                          初始化 initialization list     初值列                                  初始值列表 initialize              初始化                                  初始化 instance                实体                                    实例                         （常指根据 class 而产生出来的 object） instantiated            具现化（应用於 template）               实例化 instantiation           具现体、具现化实体（常应用於 template） 实例 invoke                  唤起                                    调用 iterate                 迭代（回圈一个轮回一个轮回地进行）      迭代 iterator                迭代器（一种泛型指标）                  迭代器 iteration               迭代（回圈每次轮回称为一个 iteration）  迭代 library                 程式库、函式库                          库、函数库 lifetime                生命期、生命周期、寿命                  生命期、寿命 linker                  联结器、连结器                          连接器 literal constant        字面常数（例 3.14 或 "hi" 这等常数值）  字面常数 list                    串列（linked-list）                     列表、表 local                   区域性的（对应於 global）               局部的 lvalue                  左值                                    左值 macro                   巨集                                    宏 manipulator             操纵器（iostream 预先定义的一种东西）   操纵器 mechanism               机制                                    机制 member                  成员                                    成员 member access operator  成员取用运算子（有 dot 和 arrow 两种）  成员存取运算符 member function         成员函式                                成员函数 member initialization list                         成员初值列                              成员初始值列表 memberwise              以 member 为单元┅、members 逐一┅      以成员为单位 memberwise copy         以 members 为单元逐一复制 memory                  记忆体                                  内存 micro                   微                                      微 most derived class      最末层的 derived class                  最底层的派生类 mutable                 可变的                                  可变的 namespace               命名空间                                名字空间、命名空间 nested class            巢状类别                                嵌套类 object                  物件                                    对象 object oriented         物件导向                                面向对象 operand                 运算元                                  操作数 operation               操作行为                                操作 operator                运算子                                  操作符、运算符 option                  选项                                    选项 overflow                上限溢位（相对於 underflow）            溢出（underflow:下溢） overhead                额外负担                                负担 overload                多载化、多载化、重载                    重载 overloaded function     多载化函式                              重载的函数 overloaded operator     多载化运算子                            被重载的运算符 overloaded set          多载集合                                重载集合 override                改写、覆写                              重载、改写、重新定义                         （在 derived class 中重新定义虚拟函式 parameter               叁数（函式叁数列上的变数）              叁数 parameter list          叁数列                                  叁数列表 parent class            父类别（或称 base class）               父类 parse                   解析                                    解析 partial specialization  局部特化、局部特化定义、局部特化宣告    局部特化                         （ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 16.10） pass by address         传址（函式引数的传递方式）              传地址 pass by reference       传址（函式引数的传递方式）              传地址 pass by value           传值（函式引数的传递方式）              传值 pattern                 样式                                    模式 placement delete        ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 15.8.2 placement new           ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 15.8.2 platform                平台                                    平台 pointer                 指标                                    指针 polymorphism            多型                                    多态 preprocessor            前处理器                                预处理器 programmer              程式员                                  程序员 programming             编程、程式设计、程式化                  编程、程式设计 project                 专案                                    工程 pseudo code             假码、虚拟码                            伪码 qualified               经过资格修饰（例如加上 scope 运算子）   限定 ? qualifier               资格修饰词                              限定修饰词 ? queue                   伫列                                    队列 raise                   引发（常用来表示发出一个 exception）    引起、引发 rank                    等级、分等（ref. C++Primer 3/e 9,15章） 等级 raw                     生鲜的、未经处理的                      未经处理的 refer                   取用                                    叁考 reference              （C++ 中类似指标的东西，相当於 "化身"）  引用、叁考 represent               表述，表现                              表述，表现 resolve                 决议（为算式中的符号名称寻找            解析                               对应之宣告式的过程） resolution              决议程序、决议过程                      解析过程 rvalue                  右值                                    右值 scope                   生存空间、生存范围                      生存空间 scope operator          生存空间（范围决议）运算子  ::          生存空间运算符 scope resolution operator                         生存空间决议运算子                      生存空间解析运算符                         （与scope operator同） sequential container    循序式容器                              顺序式容器                         （对应於 associative container） specialization          特殊化、特殊化定义、特殊化宣告          特化 software                软体                                    软件 source                  原始码                                  源码、源代码 stack                   堆叠                                    堆栈 stack unwinding         堆叠辗转开解（此词用於 exception 主题） 堆栈辗转开解 * statement               述句                                    语句、声明 stream                  资料流                                  流 string                  字串                                    字符串 subscript operator      下标运算子 [ ]                          下标运算符 subtype                 子型别